Objectives 1. Understand key elements of Mechatronics system, representation into block diagram 3. Understand principles of sensors

Transcription

1 Mr Manoj Rajale

2 Objectives 1. Understand key elements of Mechatronics system, representation into block diagram 2. Understand concept of transfer function, reduction and analysis 3. Understand principles of sensors, its characteristics, interfacing with DAQ microcontroller 4. Understand the concept of PLC system and its ladder programming, and significance of PLC systems in industrial application 5. Understand the system modeling and analysis in time domain and frequency domain. 6. Understand control actions such as Proportional, derivative and integral and study its significance in industrial applications.

3 Outcomes 1. Identification of key elements of mechatronics system and its representation in terms of block diagram 2. Understanding the concept of signal processing and use of interfacing systems such as ADC, DAC, digital I/O 3. Interfacing of Sensors, Actuators using appropriate DAQ micro-controller 4. Time and Frequency domain analysis of system model (for control application) 5. PID control implementation on real time systems 6. Development of PLC ladder programming and implementation of real life system

4 Syllabus Unit I. Introduction to Sensors & Actuators Introduction to Mechatronics, Measurement characteristics: - Static and Dynamic Sensors: Position Sensors: - Potentiometer, LVDT, Encoders; Proximity sensors:- Optical, Inductive, Capacitive; Motion Sensors:- Variable Reluctance; Temperature Sensor: RTD, Thermocouples; Force / Pressure Sensors:- Strain gauges; Flow sensors: - Electromagnetic Actuators: Stepper motor, Servo motor, Solenoids Selection of sensors

5 What is Mechatronics? Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of Mechanical engieering ( mecha for mechanisms), Electronic engineering ( tronics for electronics), and software engineering. The word Mechatronics was first coined by Mr. Tetsuro Moria, a senior engineer of a Japanese company, Yaskawa, in Cont..

6 Cont.. It is a multi-disciplinary approach to product and manufacturing system design. It involves application of electrical, mechanical, control and computer engineering to develop products, processes and systems with greater flexibility, ease in redesign and ability of reprogramming. It concurrently includes all these disciplines.

7 A Mechatronics system integrates various technologies involving 1.Sensors & Measurement systems, 2.Drives & Actuation systems (Mechanical /Pneumatics /Hydraulics), 3.Controlling system (microprocessor / microcontroller /PLC) and software engineering. Mechatronics system

8 Introduction- Mechatronics can also be termed as replacement of mechanics with electronics or enhance mechanics with electronics. With the help of microelectronics and sensor technology, mechatronics systems are providing high levels of precision and reliability. For example, in modern automobiles, mechanical fuel injection systems are now replaced with electronic fuel injection systems. This replacement made the automobiles more efficient and less pollutant. By employment of reprogrammable microcontrollers or PLC, it is now easy to add new functions and capabilities to a product or a system. Today s domestic washing machines are intelligent and four-wheel passenger automobiles are equipped with safety installations such as airbags, parking (proximity) sensors, antitheft electronic keys etc.

9 Physical Signal Mechanism Power Physical Signal Power Actuator Sensor Mechanical Electronic Electronic signal Electronic Device Electronic signal

10 LOW POWER, FAST, MULTIPLE TASK EASY TO USE AND CONTROL ACCURACY, COMPLEX JOBS WHY MECHATRONICS

11 Objective of Mechatronics system 1. Integration of mechanical systems with electronic and computer systems. 1. To improve efficiency of the system. 2. To reduce cost of production. 3. To achieve high accuracy and precision. 4. For easy control of the system. 5. Customer satisfaction and comfort.

12 Mechatronics has evolved through the following stages: 1.Primary Level Mechatronics: Integrates electrical signaling with mechanical action at the basic control level for e.g. fluid valves and relay switches 2.Secondary Level Mechatronics: Integrates microelectronics into electrically controlled devices for e.g. cassette tape player. 3.Tertiary Level Mechantronics: Incorporates advanced control strategy using microelectronics, microprocessors and other application specific integrated circuits for e.g. microprocessor based electrical motor used for actuation purpose in robots. 4.Quaternary Level Mechatronics: This level attempts to improve smartness a step ahead by introducing intelligence ( artificial neutral network and fuzzy logic ) and fault detection and isolation ( F.D.I.) capability into the system. eg: artificial neural network and fuzzy logic technologies.

13 The function of Mechatronics engineer is: Design and prepare the machines and Programming them, by using the computer, control systems, electrical and mechanical system.

14 Elements of Mechatronics Modeling Analysis Integrated Design testing

15 Mechatronics system

16 Example

17 Mechatronics Applications- Smart consumer products: home security, camera, microwave oven, toaster, dish washer, laundry washer-dryer, climate control units, etc. Medical: implant-devices, assisted surgery, etc. Defense: unmanned air, ground, and underwater vehicles, smart munitions, jet engines, etc. Manufacturing: robotics, machines, processes, etc. Automotive: climate control, antilock brake, active suspension, cruise control, air bags, engine management, safety, etc. Network-centric, distributed systems: distributed robotics, tele robotics, intelligent highways, etc.

18 Applications of Mechatronics Systems Cars Tools Computers Stealth Bomber Consumer Electronics MEMS High Speed Trains

19 Mechatronics Systems in Manufacturing Applications Micro Factory Desktop sized Factory Build small parts with a small factory Greatly reduces space, energy, and materials Micro Factory Drilling Unit

20 Mechatronics Systems in Manufacturing Applications CNC Bending Fully automated bending: load sheet metal and the finished bent parts come out Can bend complex shapes

21 Mechatronics Systems in Transportation Applications Typical Applications Brake-By-Wire system Steer-By-Wire Integrated vehicle dynamics Camless engines Integrated starter alternator Automobiles Reliability Reduced weight Fuel economy Manufacturing flexibility Design freedom Advanced safety features Cost

22 Transportation Applications High Speed Trains Train Position and Velocity constantly monitored from main command center. Error margin in scheduling no more than 30 seconds Fastest trains use magnetic levitation JR-Maglev Top Speed: 574 km/h (357 mph) Country: Japan Magnetic Levitation Transrapid Top Speed: 550 km/h (340 mph) Country: German

23 Transportation Applications Segway Systems Uses Tilt and pressure sensors Microcontroller Motors Onboard power source Advantages Simple and intuitive personal transportation device

24 Smart Robotics Application Big Dog System Can Carry 340 lb Run 4 mph Climb, run, and walk Move over rough terrain Advantages Robot with rough-terrain mobility that could carry equipment to remote location.

25 Smart Robotics Application Robots can vacuum floors and clean gutters so you don't have to. Cleans Gutter Vacuum Floors

26 Medical Applications Prosthetics Arms, Legs, and other body parts can be replaced with electromechanical ones.

27 Medical Applications Pace Maker Used by patients with slow or erratic heart rates. The pacemaker will set a normal heart rate when it sees an irregular heart rhythm. Implantable Defibrillation Monitors the heart. If heart fibrillates or stops completely it will shock the heart at high voltage to restore a normal heart rhythm.

28 Defense Applications Advanced technology is making our soldiers safer. Some planes can now be flown remotely. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Stealth Bomber

29 System Uses Proximity sensors Control circuitry Electromechanical valves Independent power source Sanitation Applications Advantages Reduces spread of germs by making device hands free Reduces wasted water by automatically turning off when not in use

30 Sanitation Applications Systems Uses Motion sensors Control circuitry Electromechanical actuators Independent power source Paper Towel Dispenser Soap Dispenser Advantages Reduces spread of germs by making device hands free Reduces wasted materials by controlling how much is dispensed

31 Smart Home Applications Smoke Detector System

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33 Why Mechatronics? Advantages 1.High level of integration. 2.Increased functionality and better design. 3.More use of electronics and software. 4.Use of artificial intelligence and intelligent process control 5.Assume responsibility for a process and operation with little interference of operators. 6.Multisensory and programs environments. 7.High reliability and safety. 8.The products produced are cost effective and very good quality. 9. High degree of flexibility 10. Greater extent of machine utilization 11. Greater productivity 12. High life expected by proper maintenance. 13. The integration of sensor and control system in a complex system reduces capital expenses

34 Disadvantages of Mechatronics System 1.The initial cost is very high. 2.The complicated design and system. 3.The repair and maintenance in complex. 4.Its replacement is difficult, that it is difficult to change old system to new system. 5. Imperative to have Knowledge of different engineering fields for design and implementation. 6.Specific problem of various systems will have to be addressed separately and properly

35 CAREER PATHS MECHATRONICS Engg Automobile Medical Material Processing Aerospace Manufacturing Robotic s