Next Phase of Fukushima Daiichi D&D (Enhanced institutional and technical efforts by Team Japan )

Transcription

1 Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation Next Phase of Fukushima Daiichi D&D (Enhanced institutional and technical efforts by Team Japan ) IAEA General Conference Side Event by Japan Hajimu Yamana President, Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation (NDF) Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University Sept. 18, 2017

2 Fukushima Daiichi D&D Engaged in an emergency crisis mode to reduce the short term high risk future Sustainable and steady operation to reduce the long term risk Core Cooling with Multi nuclide Removal System Highly Contaminated Water Removal from Trench and Buildings Spent Fuel Removal from Fuel Pond Groundwater Inflow Reduction Radiation Safety Improvement Fuel debris Retrieval Waste Management Site Cleanup Safety Assurance for Workers Co operation by Public Human Resources 2

3 Recent Chronology of D&D and Institutional Reform Milestones by mid and longterm Roadmap Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase Fuel debris Retrieval Waste Management Policies for each unit Approaches for processing & disposal Method for the first unit Start of retrieval Prospect of processing & disposal Post accident emergency response Progress of D&D Operations and Strategy Stabilization (Contaminated Water Measures, Spent Fuel Removal) and Preparation for the Fuel debris Retrieval In Reactor Inspection & R&Ds Strategic Plan Strategic Plan 2017 TEPCO s Business Management and its Reform Road Map Roadmap revision expected Management/Assessment of TEPCO Operation by Government Government s deliberation of future management of TEPCO (TEPCO Reform Panel) Decision to continuous engagement of government to TEPCO New NDF Law; D&D Reserve Fund New Comprehensive Business Plan 3

4 Legal and Political Framework of 1F D&D Response Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters Government responsibility for disaster response Whole of related Ministries NDF Compensation Facilitation Shareholder of TEPCO by majority of votes Loan to TEPCO for compensation Business oversight of TEPCO D&D Facilitation Technical strategy for D&D to METI & TEPCO D&D Advise/recommendation to TEPCO D&D R&D planning Technical support by R&D Strategic Plan Technical Strategy 2017 Since 2015 Decommissioning Reserve Fund starting from 2018 JAEA IRID D&D policy METI TEPCO HD (D&D Company) Responsibility for D&D implementation Power operations continued through government loan and investment Full responsibility for 1F D&D Liability for compensation to the affected People NRA Safety regulation Recent Large-scale Reform of TEPCO 4

5 Recent Large scale Reform of TEPCO Recent Milestones of TEPCO Reform End of 2016 new business direction formulated at TEPCO reform committee Continuous engagement of government to TEPCO management June this year board members refreshed by younger generation May this Year Comprehensive special business plan Revision of NDF law New Reform of TEPCO Power Business Ultimate priority Business priori zed on liability to Fukushima disaster Alliance with other power companies (e.g. business with Chubu) and new business Increase of future corporate value (higher value of stock) Reimbursement of compensation loan and securing D&D cost (4.5 B USD/y) Deposit to decommissioning reserve fund at NDF (2.7 B USD/y on average) Intensive cost cutting and improvement of productivity of power operations Restart of Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPP 5

6 Decommissioning Reserve Fund at NDF by Revision of NDF Law Fund withdrawal plan based on annual D&D plan Implementation of D&D Minister of METI D&D Plan jointly compiled D&D plan NDF D&D strategy setting Oversight on D&D project Fund management Decommissioning Reserve Fund Budget allocation Fukushima Daiichi D&D company TEPCO group Approval on withdrawal plan TEPCO HD (Nuclear P.G.) Deposit fund annually obligated Revenue Warrants sustainable finance to ensure TEPCO s commitment on its responsibility and government s engagement 2.7 B USD/y on average Excess revenue mostly from cost cut at transmission business and redirected to 1F D&D by the Gov t release Special exemption under regulated market TEPCO PG (Transmission & Distribution) TEPCO FP (Thermal P.G.) TEPCO EP (Electricity Retail) 6

7 Mid and Long Term 1F D&D Technical Strategy Technical Strategic Plan 2017 issued by NDF (August 31,2017) Fundamental operating philosophy Early reduction of existing risk sources in order to remove possible increase of future risk Clear recognition of unknowns and large uncertainties Flexible but speedy approach (Step by Step) Holistic optimization and project control of entire D&D programs Strategic proposals for Roadmap Revision Basic policy for fuel debris retrieval of each unit Approaches for processing/disposal for solid radioactive wastes 7

8 Current Estimation of Fuel debris Location SA Analysis Code Muon Measurement Remote Investigation Unit 2 e.html Current Estimation of most likely Fuel debris Location Unit 3 Unit 1 Unit 2 Mostly at Bottom of PCV Much at RPV Bottom while some at Bottom of PCV Underwater ROV used for Unit 3 Unit 3 More at Bottom of PCV than unit 2 8

9 Proposal for Fuel debris Retrieval (1) Technical Criteria for Selection of Fuel debris Retrieval Method 1. To secure confinement both for aqueous phase and gaseous phases (ex. Confinement of α particulates) 2. Prevention of re criticality 3. Structural integrity (seismicity) 4. Reduction of workers exposure 5. Access route Three Candidate Methods Most preferred Fueldebris retrieval method Partial Submersion Side Access Method a. Submersion- Top Access method b. Partial Submersion - Top Access method c. Partial Submersion - Side Access method Easier access to bottom of PCV Less construction work More technical information on bottom of PCV available Less exposure to workers 9

10 Proposal for Fuel debris Retrieval (2) Proposal for Fuel debris Retrieval Policy 1. Overall optimization from preparatory work to transportation/storage 2. Step by Step approach flexible and adjustable to increasing in reactor information 3. To be fully aware of necessity of combination of various technical methods 4. Preliminary engineering work and associated R&D focused on partial submerged method 5. Target location : At first fuel debris at PCV bottom then continue to revisit with new insights and experiences 6. First access for retrieval: Horizontal Way Forward Start preliminary engineering Focus on and acceleration of development of retrieval method Enhance in reactor inspection R&D on transfer/storage of waste and retrieved fuel debris Sustainability of project Holistic optimization and project control of entire D&D programs Communication with local community 10

11 Image of Partial Submersion Side Access Method Preventing leakage of radioactive material Preventing workers exposure Retrieving Fuel debris safely Ensuring worker s safety Securing the structural integrity of the PCV and R/B at seismic events Development of remote fuel debris retrieval equipment Ensuring containment function to prevent radionuclide release Dose reduction of workers (decontamination, shielding) Gas purification system Advanced Filter Water purification system Ensuring containment function and the access to the Fuel debris (side access method) Prevention of re criticality Water level control in the PCV Water level control in the R/B 11

12 Solid Waste Management Approaches Features of 1F Solid Waste Huge volume High radiation Variety of nuclide compositions and concentration Lack of experiences in managing and disposal of secondary waste from water treatment in Japan Characterisation needed along with progress of 1F D&D Policy for Solid Waste Management Focus on characterisation, processing, packaging and storage until determination of disposal approach Today s Challenges and R&D To avoid the generation of waste by reduction of consumables Volume reduction of solid Waste Quick waste characterization Determination of future disposal method based on provisional waste form Pursuit of sustainable waste management scheme Reduction of workers dose 12

13 NDF s Outreach Activity 2nd International Forum on the Decommissioning of the 1F (July 2&3, 2017) Day 1 was dedicated to dialogue with local people in an accident affected town Lecture on What is 1F D&D? by facilitator Mini workshop among participants Dialogue between local representatives and METI, NDF and TEPCO Simultaneous graphic recording of the discussion 13

14 Summary New approach for 1F D&D is now established at team Japan, namely Japanese government, NDF and TEPCO. Government and NDF has formulated new business plan of TEPCO for reform of TEPCO to be a profitable organization to fulfill the responsibility for compensation and decommission. For this purpose board member is refreshed with younger generation Mandatory mechanism warrants to secure the fund by redirecting part of TEPCO s additional revue to 1F D&D. NDF manages this fund to oversee TEPCO s D&D work With the progress to understand in reactor conditions, now new technical proposals become available by NDF s Technical Strategic Plan New method of fuel debris retrieval and approach on waste management are now presented despite the uncertainties still but with flexible Step by Step approach. With those changes, TEPCO is now expected to embark on the next steps, namely start of engineering and project management. 14