SMART ENERGY SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED DOMESTIC POWER SHARING. BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai-73

Transcription

1 Volume 116 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu SMART ENERGY SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED DOMESTIC POWER SHARING 1 S.Prakesh, 2 S.Sherine 1 Director, 2 Co-Director, Centre of Excellence In Green Energy BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai-73 1 Prakesh.eee@bharathuniv.ac.in, 2 sherine.eee@bharathuniv.ac.in Abstract: Power demand is increasing drastically in almost all developing countries due to sudden growth of population. The availability of fossil fuels is limited so that in most of the areas uninterrupted power supply is not possible. For meeting this requirement, this attempt have been made by investigating a cost effective micro hybrid inverter which can be operated as both off grid and grid tie hybrid inverter with change in load demand and available solar power. In this paper the controller for the hybrid inverter is designed with anadvanced Phase- Locked-Loop (APLL) technique in the feedback loop. The APLL can detect the phase and frequency of the grid voltage. The output of APLL is used to generate the SPWM signals to control the on and off states of MOSFET switches in the hybrid inverter. So whenever load demand exceeds the available solar IPV power, the grid will be switched on without disconnecting the solar IPV system. Index Terms: Integrated Photo Voltaic System, (IPV), APLL, SPWM, MOSFET 1. Introduction The Integrated Solar as electrical energy source shows increasing growth in both in implementation on entire world and integrated installed capability of the plant. This technique is supported by many advantages such as the decreasing of fuel reserves cost and reduction of cost in the production value per kw electric from Integrated Solar and also technology development whichresults in the Integrated Solar power generating systems with more efficiency [1]. Integrated Solar generating system can either be operated in single system or multiple systems to be connected to the grid to form inter connected system, and with other electrical energy sources or DGs can form a whole distributed renewable energy generating systems. In an Integrated Solargenerating systems, one among aspects is the load flow and load sharing problem between the grid line and the Integrated Solar plant to supply and share power for given load, it is intended that load flow mechanism ensure that power generated by the plant can be delivered to the power grid at optimal conditions. In these systems, flow of power and power sharing mechanism are executed by the hybrid inverter as an interface between both of them, by using suitable method, an advance load flow and power sharing control can be achieved. 2. Power Controller The integrated power system is controlled by a control algorithm for the coupling of various system components. The system controller determines the availability of grid supply. Determining the best condition of operation is the key to achieve optimal operation the inputs of the controller are the parameters of control action. The inputs of the controller are the parameters such as unpredictable load power and renewable varying output solar energy. A power control strategy is needed to control the flow of operational period continuously in the load. The fuzzy based technique/algorithm was designedbased on the control procedure to getsuitable desired operation to get power from the bus bar which saves huge cost. 2.1 Power Flow Control Algorithm The Concept of Nero Fuzzy logic control have been used as an intelligent tool to integrate and create energy sources to flow in the system in such a way that it meets the load power requirement in best way under largely varying conditions. The entire system is comprised of IPV Array, Hybrid inverter and grid supply. The procedure while implementing are fixing the line grid constraints, choosing the fuzzy variables and the fuzzy rules for the fuzzy 367

2 controller. Radiations and variable loads affect the performance of outputs and hence power demand are considered to be the input variables. The output variable of the controller is the duty cycle of operation i.e switching time (load sharing) period of the grid or generator at each sampling period of specified time depending on the solar IPV array voltage as decided by fuzzy control action. such that two energy sources can co ordinate each other and share the load. With this it is possible to harvest optimized power from the cost effective solar IPV system and the grid can be connected to the output load whenever it is required. 3.1 Control Strategy for Optimized Power Sharing Characteristic of IPV Hybrid inverter and Grid Fig.7shows the simplified diagram of hybrid energy system with proposed control terminologies and strategy. Integrated Initially IPV Hybrid inverter is connected to the load and supplies the power up to its maximum generating systems. If the load demand is increased beyond the maximum available IPV power then the IPV hybrid inverter will connects to the grid, so that load can draw the power from grid. Figure 1. Power Controller Implementation in MATLAB using Fuzzy logic. 3. Design of Hybrid inverter The hybrid inverter is the heart of IPV system and is the focus of all utility-interconnection. The IPV hybrid inverters are classified into off-grid and grid tie hybrid inverters. Line Off grid hybrid inverters are operated with battery and charge controller in a standalone system. Grid tie hybrid inverters can feed the power generated by IPV array to grid with or without battery bank. It is not possible to connect the stand alone hybrid inverters to grid and grid hybrid inverters will not operate without taking reference signals from grid. To achieve the optimized power sharing by integrating the solar IPV system to the utility, it is very much necessary to design a new type of cost effective micro hybrid inverter suitable for low capacity residential loads. This type of hybrid inverter should handle the residential load when the load demand is less than the designed maximum solar IPV power. If the load demand is increased more than the available solar IPV power, the micro hybrid inverter will connects to the grid so that it can allow the load to take remaining power from grid without disconnecting from solar IPV system. It is an attempt to introduce this kind of new feature to be implemented in the existing hybrid inverters Figure 2. Figure of Hybrid Energy System with proposed control strategy. The most optimum power sharing is possible in the grid as long as there is sufficient power generated by IPV plant. Fig.8shows sim power system implementation of hybrid energy system. Initially IPVHybrid inverter is connected to the load and supplies the power up to its maximum generating systems. If the load demand is increased beyond the maximum available IPV power then the IPVhybrid inverter will connects to the grid, so that load can draw the power from grid. 3.2 Advanced Phavee Locked Loop (APLL) A advanced phavee lock loop (APLL) produces an enhanced output signal which synchronizes in phavee and frequency with the input signal, using a negative feedback loop. The basic idea of the APLLcontrol strategy is 368

3 developed by a feedback loop consists of a APLL to synchronize the hybrid inverter with grid. The hybrid inverter is operated with SPWM technique which is generated by the feedback loop by taking the reference from grid. The control strategy is developed by a feedback loop consists of a APLL to synchronize the hybrid inverter with grid. The hybrid inverter is operated with SPWM technique which is generated by the feedback loop by taking the reference from grid. The SRF APLL is the one with the best performance under distorted and non linear grid conditions. The control strategy is developed by a feedback loop consists of a APLL to synchronize the hybrid inverter with grid. The hybrid inverter is operated with SPWM technique which is generated by the feedback loop by taking the reference from grid. Figure 4. Sampled IPV Power and Variable Load demand at regular intervals 3.3 The Design of Main controller The control unit for the hybrid inverter is implemented with the three phaseapll by measuring the grid voltage and grid current. The output of APLL is phase and dq transformation of measured voltage and current of grid. They are given to the current controller to generate the SPWM signals.fig.9 shows the simulink implementation of Main controller for hybrid inverter. Figure 3. The control unit ofhybrid inverter with APLL and SPWM generator 4. Results And Discussion Laod Controller implemented with the sampled IPV power at regular intervals and the predefined load curve for a typical residence. The inputs for the controller are shown below. Figure 5. On time duration of External Supply from the Grid 4.1 Simulation results of IPVHybrid inverter and Main Controller The IPVHybrid inverter is controlled by a main controller which is implemented with the proposed control strategy. It consists of advanced Phase locked loop, current controller and SPWM generator. The APLL is used to detect the phase and frequency of the grid voltage. In this the park transformation technique is used to extract the fundamental value of the voltage and current wave form from the grid. Six SPWM signals are generated to trigger the IGBT switches in the hybrid inverter. For simplicity only two signals are shown in fig.12. The generated three phase voltages from the Output LCL filter is shown in fig.13 This will follows the variation in the grid voltage and maintains the same phase and frequency as compared with grid voltage. 369

4 When the Load demand is increased more than the designed solar IPV capacity, the load sharing characteristics are shown in fig 8. and fig Conclusion Figure 6. SPWM signals from the main controller to trigger the IGBT switches of Hybrid inverter The Hybrid Energy system is designed especially for Residential applications with a cost effective micro hybrid inverter which will have the capability to act as both off grid and grid tie hybrid inverter. Simulation analysis shows that as the load demand is increased more than the solar IPV power, the hybrid inverter is connecting to the grid and allows the load to share the power with external energy source. The power sharing is optimized with the proposed controllers and it is possible to implement the controllers after designing the hybrid inverter suitable for the local grid conditions. References Figure 7. Three phavee Sinusoidal Voltage waveforms of Hybrid inverter with output LCL filter synchronized with grid voltage. Figure 8. Output waveforms of both the energy systems for varying load demand Figure 9. Load sharing of solar IPV system with grid [1]. Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran T.V.U., Sundar Raj M., Robotic surveillance for patient care in hospitals, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v- 16, i-12, pp , [2]. Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., Sundar Raj M., Analysis of chaotic DC-DC converter using wavelet transform, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-16, i-12, pp , [3]. Sundararajan M., Optical instrument for correlative analysis of human ECG and breathing signal, International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, v-6, i-4, pp , [4]. Kiran Kumar T.V.U., Karthik B., Improving network life time using static cluster routing for wireless sensor networks, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl5, pp , [5]. Karthik B., Kumar T.K., Dorairangaswamy M.A., Logashanmugam E., Removal of high density salt and pepper noise through modified cascaded filter, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-10, pp , [6]. Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., EMI developed test methodologies for short duration noises, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl5, pp , [7]. Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., Privacy conscious screening framework for frequently moving objects, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-8, pp ,

5 [8]. Vijayaragavan S.P., Karthik B., Kiran Kumar T.V.U., A DFIG based wind generation system with unbalanced stator and grid condition, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-8, pp , [9]. Arul Selvi S., Sundararajan M., A combined framework for routing and channel allocation for dynamic spectrum sharing using cognitive radio, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-11, i-7, pp , [10]. Arul Selvi S., Sundararajan M., SVM based two level authentication for primary user emulation attack detection, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-9, i-29, pp--, [11]. Kanniga E., Sundararajan M., Kanembedded control of sub cyclic Ac chopperwith high speed and low switching losses, Advanced Materials Research, v-717, i-, pp , [12]. Kanniga E., Sundararajan M., Modelling and characterization of DCO using pass transistors, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, v-86 LNEE, i-vol. 1, pp , [13]. Kanniga E., Selvaramarathnam K., Sundararajan M., Embedded control using mems sensor with voice command and CCTV camera, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl.6, pp , [14]. Lakshmi C., Ponnavaikko M., Sundararajan M., Improved kernel common vector method for face recognition, nd International Conference on Machine Vision, ICMV 2009, pp-13-17, [15]. Lakshmi C., Sundararajan M., Manikandan P., Hierarchical approach of discriminative common vectors for bio metric security, 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, ICCAE 2010, v-2, i-, pp , [16]. Venkataganesan K.A., Mohan Kumar R., Brinda G., The impact of the determinant factors in the career satisfaction of banking professionals, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-8, i-3, pp , [17]. Sambantham M.C., Venkatramaraju D., Human resources management (HRM) practices in multinational companies with reference to knowledge transfer, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-8, i- 3, pp , [18]. Suganthi S., Senthilkumar C.B., A study on stress management of the staff of the co operative banks of Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-6, i-4, pp , [19]. Thooyamani K.P., Udayakumar R., Khanaa V., Cooperative trust management scheme for wireless sensor networks, World Applied Sciences Journal, v-29, i-14, pp , [20]. Nivethitha J., Brindha G., Management of Non- Performing Assets in Virudhunagar District Central Co- Operative Bank-An Overview, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-7, pp , [21]. Ramachandran S., Venkatesh S., Performance measurement and management system-inter company case Study approach-tamilnadu, India, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-9, pp , [22]. Mathew S., Brindha G., Medical tourism â An avenue to attract foreign patientsin Indian hospital industry, a study conducted in Chennai city, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp , [23]. Mathew S., Brindha G., An empirical study on competency mapping â A tool for talent management, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v- 9, i-22, pp , [24]. Mathew S., Brindha G., Quality of work life among the women it professionals in Chennai city, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v- 9, i-22, pp , [25]. Mathew S., Brindha G., Level of stress and its impact on job satisfaction among the employees of Air India limited, Chennai, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp , [26]. Brindha G., Emerging trends and issues in human resource management, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-14, i-12, pp , [27]. Nivethitha J., Brindha G., Virudhunagar district Central Co-Operative Bank- An overview, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-12, i-12, pp , [28]. Brindha G., Revamp of educational systempromoting entrpreneurship in India, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-12, i-12, pp , [29]. Brindha G., Current role of human resources in health sector, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-12, i-12, pp , [30]. Brindha G., A new approach for changes in health care, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-12, i- 12, pp ,

6 372