Petróleo Brasileiro (Petrobras)
|
|
- Kelly Jordan
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Revamping crude towers for quality and yield A successful revamp of distillation towers for increased diesel quality and yield depended on reliable design and accurate assembly LEONARDO SOUZA, RAFAEL WAGNER, CLAUDIO ROCHA and HENRY GIRON Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. ANTONIO CORTINES Sulzer Chemtech Petróleo Brasileiro (Petrobras) has carried out a major project to increase its production of ultra-low sulphur diesel in order to reduce Brazil s dependence on foreign markets. This is in response to growth in internal demand for fuels and environmental restrictions limiting the market s tolerance to heavier diesel grades with higher sulphur content. As part of this effort the fractionation of several crude distillation towers, both atmospheric and vacuum, has been improved to increase the diesel yield while still meeting the quality requirements of the hydrotreating units. The project is presented as a case study of the successful revamp of a distillation unit where old multi-pass valve trays have been replaced by up-to-date structured packing and the associated internals, highlighting the importance of the chimney trays and their design to ensure proper liquid and vapour distribution throughout the packing bed. Need for more diesel In 2013, following impressive growth in the nation s internal Growth, % Figure 1 Growth (%) of ultra-low sulphur diesel internal sales relative to the results of 2013: Petrobras ( ) demand for environmentally friendly fuels with lower sulphur content (see Figure 1), the Refining Executive Management of Petrobras launched a corporate programme, called Promega, intended to increase the production of gasoline and medium distillates, including ultra-low sulphur diesel, also known as diesel S-10 due to the sulphur content specification of 10 ppm or less. Several actions have been employed so far, including fractionation improvement in some key sections of atmospheric and vacuum crude distillation towers, since diesel S-10 imposes a challenge beyond its ultra-low sulphur content: it requires an ASTM D-86 distillation curve with a T95% (temperature at which 95% of the product is vaporised) lower than 370 C, which is considerably lighter than the other automotive diesel grades commercialised by Petrobras (see Table 1). One of the refineries targeted for improvement of crude fractionation was REDUC (Duque Revamps
2 Diesel grades Sulphur content, ppm ASTM D-86 distillation curve point S max T95% = 370 C max S max T85% = 360 C max S max T85% = 370 C max Table 1 Specifications of automotive diesel grades commercialised by Petrobras for the internal market Scope of modifications in the atmospheric and primary vacuum towers The original design of the towers used only trays, with moving valves as contact devices for mass transfer between the phases. It is a well known revamping practice for crude distillation towers to replace trays with packing, usually structured, in order to increase capacity and improve fractionation, since all of the cross-sectional area of the tower is used for contact between the phases (there are no downcomers) and there is no need to have a vapour-liquid disengaging space as happens in trays. However, packing is very susceptible to liquid maldistribution issues, which can ruin fractionation if the necessary precautions are not taken at the design and assembly stages. In the particular case of the lubes distillation unit there were extra sources of concern regarding the atmospheric tower: the heavy diesel wash zone was intended to be replaced by structured packing due to insufficient quality in the cut. But the section above, which has four pass trays, would not be modified, since the quality and yield of the light diesel have been considered to be satisfactory. In addition, the atmospheric residue stripping section would keep its trays, with the originals replaced by fixed valve trays, due to fouling issues observed in previous turnarounds, and adding an extra tray to improve fractionation. Therefore, besides modifying the heavy diesel wash zone itself, replacing the trays with structured packing and its assode Caxias refinery). The refinery was built in the early 1960s and two of its three crude distillation units had never been modified for fractionation improvement until 2015; these two units were built in the 1970s and have been operating for lubes production since then. As a major turnaround had been previously scheduled for the last quarter of 2015 and included one of the lubes distillation units, the Promega staff at the refinery decided, in 2013, to use this turnaround to revamp the atmospheric and vacuum towers for increased diesel quality and yield. The lubes distillation units have the same capacity and are very similar to each other, Feed Atmospheric residue Atmospheric Kerosene Light diesel Primary vacuum Sweetening Vacuum gas oil Primary vacuum residue having an atmospheric tower that produces kerosene for jet fuel, light diesel, heavy diesel and atmospheric residue. This last cut is sent to a primary vacuum tower and produces gas oil (VGO), spindle oil and two other heavier cuts for lubes production. There is also a secondary vacuum tower that receives the primary vacuum residue and processes the heaviest cut for lubes and secondary vacuum residue, which is used for asphalt production. The atmospheric light and heavy diesel and primary vacuum gas oil cuts are mixed together before going to the hydrotreating units. Figure 2 shows a simplified refining scheme for the lubes distillation units. Lubes cut I (spindle oil) Lubes cut II Lubes cut III Hydrotreating Secondary vacuum residue Figure 2 Simplified refining scheme for the lubes distillation units Secondary vacuum Lubes cut IV Asphalt 2 Revamps
3 ciated internals (liquid distributor and bed support), there was a need to install two chimney trays, allowing transition between the three different sections: light diesel x heavy diesel (four pass trays), heavy diesel wash zone (structured packing) and atmospheric residue stripping (two pass trays). The modifications in the primary vacuum tower were simpler, but not free of concern: the gas oil x spindle oil section was targeted to have its fractionation performance improved by replacing its two pass trays with structured packing, but the sections below would keep their trays and, since the available free space was limited, the use of a chimney tray would excessively reduce the amount of packing to be installed. This issue was solved by keeping the lowest tray in the section, from which the spindle oil is drawn, and letting the liquid from the bed support drip directly onto this tray. The liquid distributor would use the same nozzle already in service for directing the internal reflux from the section above only the internal feed pipe was replaced by one fitted to the distributor. Design engineering With the scope of modifications defined, the next step was to design the new internals, an operation divided into two phases. In the first phase, a representative process simulation of the unit operating in the desired conditions (maximising heavy diesel to the limit of the ultralow sulphur diesel specification, and maximising vacuum gas oil to the limit of the viscosity Atmospheric tower specification for spindle oil) determined the flow rates and properties of the liquid and vapour internal fluxes. This information was required for the bidding process in which the structured packing, its associated internals, and the fixed valve trays would be selected from different suppliers. In addition for the bidding process, it was necessary to determine the desired number of theoretical stages for the packing beds, the limits of pressure loss under liquid load, percentage of flooding in turn-up conditions and up-lift resistance for the packings and trays and, finally, the materials to be used in their manufacture. Sketches describing the height restrictions of each section were also available (see Figure 3). When the bidding process Scope of supplier Vacuum tower Figure 3 Sketches showing the height restrictions considered for each section (values not shown) for the atmospheric (left) and vacuum (right) towers was completed, with one of the suppliers chosen, the process and mechanical details of the packing beds, their associated internals, and the fixed valve trays were exhaustively checked and discussed with the supplier, since the internals would also interact with the chimney trays, which were outside the supplying scope. The second phase involved design engineering the chimney trays themselves. The basic design defined the number and diameter of the downflow pipes, the number, arrangement, and dimensions of the chimneys and, in the specific case of the upper chimney tray, the dimensions of its sumps (see Figure 4). The arrangement of the downflow pipes in both trays was defined at the detailed Revamps
4 Chimneys nozzle Sump Down pipe design stage, along with all mechanical detail regarding supportation. A proper arrangement of the downflow pipes is essential to ensure that the distributor or tray below will be evenly fed and CFD simulations can be used to check the design. 1 Failure in properly designing chimney trays can lead to liquid maldistribution issues, which Seal pan nozzle Distributor Chimneys Down pipe Sump Figure 4 Sketch of the upper chimney tray with the relevant dimensions considered in the basic design (values not shown) can ruin fractionation 2 ; insufficient vapour disengaging in the sumps, which can cause pumps to cavitate if their suction pipes are not self-venting; and liquid entrainment. Assembly This stage is crucial to ensure proper installation of the internals. There are several reported cases where assembly problems Figure 5 Upper chimney tray, before shipping from the factory (left), and its partial assembly on the atmospheric tower (right) have led to maldistribution issues. 3 In the particular case of the lubes distillation unit, the new internals were pre-assembled outside the towers before installation, in order to check for missing parts and foresee possible assembly problems. In addition, the contractor responsible for the assembly was specifically instructed in the task and the installation was supervised by a process engineer. Finally, the trays were checked for leakage and the distributors were checked for leakage and performance. Figure 5 shows the upper chimney tray, before shipping from the factory, and its partial assembly on the tower; one of the sumps was already in place. There was literally no room for mistakes as can be seen by the proximity of one of the upper tray downcomers to the distributor. Operation with the new internals After a turnaround of one month, the unit started operating in mid-december The start-up went well and after some time the atmospheric cuts were all specified, while in the primary vacuum tower it took several weeks for the operators to find their way through the behaviour of the tower with the new internals, since the improvement in fractionation between gas oil and spindle oil affected the viscosity of the last cut and it was necessary to find a new operating point to get it specified. Gain evaluation The methodology used to evaluate the effectiveness of the 4 Revamps
5 new internals involved comparing the average yields of medium distillates in the five months after start-up with the values obtained in the same time period after the previous turnaround in This was done in order to eliminate possible variations in yields caused by operating time, for instance fouling or damage to the internals. In addition, medium distillates yields, including kerosene, were preferred as a comparison parameter since there may be seasonal maximisation of kerosene from diesel for the jet fuel market as a result of an increase in domestic flights for summer vacations. Finally, the ASTM D-86 distillation curves for diesel and gas oil were compared and analysed, to identify improvements in fractionation. Figure 6 shows an increase in kerosene yield of 2.2% of the crude feed rate against a loss of less than 0.5% in the diesel yield, including vacuum gas oil. Nevertheless, there was an increase in medium distillates of around 1.7% of the crude feed rate. This achievement was obtained with almost the same T95% for heavy diesel, as can be seen in Figure 7, which also shows an improvement in the fractionation of vacuum gas oil after the modifications: the ASTM D-86 distillation curve is more flat and its initial boiling point is 25 C higher, more or less. Finally, Figure 8 shows a lighter light diesel after the modifications, while keeping almost the same distillation curve for heavy diesel, indicating a fractionation Volumetric gain, % `1.0 Kerosene Diesel + VGO Kerosene + diesel + VGO Figure 6 Volumetric gain relative to crude feed rate 2016 vs 2012 Temperature, ºC Temperature, ºC VGO Figure 7 ASTM D-86 distillation curves for heavy diesel (top) and VGO (bottom) 2016 vs Revamps
6 Temperature, ºC Temperature, ºC Light diesel Light diesel Figure 8 ASTM D-86 distillation curves for light and heavy diesel 2012 (top) vs 2016 (bottom) improvement, since kerosene was maximised. In addition, a reduction in the overlap between T95% (lighter) and T5% (heavier) after the modifications can be seen, also suggesting an improvement in fractionation. The quality improvement observed indicates that diesel yield can be pushed harder, even during kerosene maximisation, in order to eliminate losses and further increase the yield of medium distillates. Conclusion This article has presented a successful case of a distillation towers revamp for increased diesel quality and yield. The project has shown that the key to success depends, essentially, on two objectives: reliable design in all aspects, and proper assembly. The first objective should be exhaustively discussed with the internals supplier and carefully checked: conventional design techniques seem to be satisfactory and CFD can be used as a design aid, if necessary. The second objective, proper assembly, should be very well planned and the contractor in charge of the assembly has to be specifically instructed in the task. Finally, the entire process, from design to assembly, should be supervised by an in-house coordination team comprising process and equipment engineers. References 1 Ropelato K, Rodrigues R, Bellote A, Schnaibel G, Torres G, Marsiglia M, Fonseca C, Castro A, CFD Study for chimney tray design in crude fractionators, 2007 AIChE Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah. 2 Ropelato K, Moraes A, Bellote A, Schnaibel G, Torres G, Marsiglia M, Fonseca C, Castro A, Feitosa F, The jet fuel problem strikes again, 2009 AIChE Spring Meeting, Tampa, Florida. 3 Kister H, Distillation Operation, 1990, McGraw-Hill, New York. Leonardo Leite Garcia de Souza is a Process Engineer in the Process Optimization Department of Duque de Caxias refinery (REDUC) with Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras S.A.), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He holds a BSc and a MSc in chemical engineering from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and a Specialisation Course in Petroleum Refining from Petrobras Corporate University. llgs@petrobras.com.br Rafael Ramos Wagner is a Process Engineer in the Process Optimisation Department at Duque de Caxias refinery. He holds a BSc and a MSc in chemical engineering from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and a Specialisation Course in Petroleum Refining from Petrobras Corporate University. rafaelwagner@petrobras.com.br Claudio de Carvalho Rocha is a Process Engineer in the Design, Construction and Assembly Department of Duque de Caxias refinery. He holds a BSc in chemical engineering from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and a 6 Revamps
7 Specialisation Course in Petroleum Refining from Petrobras Corporate University. Henry Giron Bonsaver is an Equipment Engineer in the Design, Construction and Assembly Department of Duque de Caxias refinery. He holds a degree in mechanical engineering. henry.giron@petrobras.com.br Antonio Carlos de Avelar Cortines is a Sales Manager with Sulzer Chemtech Brazil in São Paulo. He holds a BSc in metallurgical engineering from Fluminense Federal University and a MBA in corporate management from Getúlio Vargas Foundation. antonio.cortines@sulzer.com Revamps
D^r i^k_hkfzg\^ bg]b\zmhkl _hk <hgl^i mkzrl IZkZf^m^kl =^lb`g M^lm kng <hg\enlbhgl MZ[e^, DZnlabd Fhl\Z K^_^k^g\^l D^gm FZahg
he main fractionator of the crude distillation unit (CDU-1) in the Whangarei refinery of The New Zealand Refining Company (NZRC) was retrofitted with high-capacity internals to increase the unit throughput
More informationHeat Integration in a Crude Distillation Unit Using Pinch Analysis Concepts (AIChE 2008 Spring Meeting 165b)
Heat Integration in a Crude Distillation Unit Using Pinch Analysis Concepts (AIChE 2008 Spring Meeting 165b) PETROBRAS R&D Center CENPES Antonio V. S. de Castro*, M.Sc. Carlos Ney da Fonseca Claudio L.
More informationIncreased recovery of straight-run
Maximising diesel recovery from crude The CDU/DU process flow scheme is reviewed, including equipment design and operating fundamentals used to maximise straight-run diesel recovery. Factors important
More informationFouling tendency is a critical
Balanced distillation equipment design Fouling resistance and efficiency requirements for distillation equipment are balanced and optimised for reliable unit performance SOUN HO LEE GTC Technology Fouling
More informationOptimization of Packed Tower Inlet Design by CFD Analysis. Dana Laird Koch-Glitsch, Inc.
39e Optimization of Packed Tower Inlet Design by CFD Analysis Dana Laird Koch-Glitsch, Inc. Brian Albert ExxonMobil Research and Engineering (formerly with Koch-Glitsch, Inc.) Carol Schnepper John Zink
More informationCrude & Petroleum Products Specification & Analysis
Training Title Crude & Petroleum Products Specification & Analysis Training Duration 5 days Training Venue and Dates Crude & Petroleum Products Specification & Analysis 5 04-08 November $3,750 Abu Dhabi
More informationOn-Line Process Analyzers: Potential Uses and Applications
On-Line Process Analyzers: Potential Uses and Applications INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to provide ideas for application of Precision Scientific process analyzers in petroleum refineries.
More informationUnit 7. Vaccum Distillation of Crude
Unit 7. Vaccum Distillation of Crude Assistant teacher Belinskaya Nataliya Segeevna 2015 Introduction To extract more distillates from the atmospheric residue, the bottom from the atmospheric crude distillation
More informationCrude Assay, ASTM, TBP distillations, Evaluation of crude oil properties.
Crude Assay, ASTM, TBP distillations, Evaluation of crude oil properties. Crude Oil Distillation Crude oil distillation is an open art technology. The crude oil is distilled at atmospheric pressure and
More informationMeeting product specifications
Optimisation of a diesel hydrotreating unit A model based on operating data is used to meet sulphur product specifications at lower DHT reactor temperatures with longer catalyst life Jose Bird Valero Energy
More informationBTX Extractive Distillation Capacity Increased by Enhanced Packing Distributors
BTX Extractive Distillation Capacity Increased by Enhanced Packing Distributors Karl Kolmetz kkolmetz@yahoo.com Jeff Gray jeffngray@hotmail.com Mel Chua Sulzer Chemtech Raghu Desai Sulzer Chemtech AIChE
More informationBitumen has become an
Revamping crude and vacuum units to process bitumen Revamping crude and vacuum units to process dilbit can involve extensive equipment replacement as well as major changes to the crude preheating scheme
More informationCrude Distillation Chapter 4
Crude Distillation Chapter 4 Gases Gas Sat Gas Plant Polymerization LPG Sulfur Plant Sulfur Alkyl Feed Alkylation Butanes Fuel Gas LPG Gas Separation & Stabilizer Light Naphtha Heavy Naphtha Isomerization
More informationThe Chevron Pembroke oil
Modelling for ULSD optimisation On-line coordination and optimisation of refinery process units led to a 10% increase in middle distillate production KLAS DAHLGREN Apex Optimisation/Dynaproc AN RIGDEN
More informationAs the global energy sector
Improved distillation efficiency Dividing wall technology applied to a xylenes separation project delivered superior energy efficiency compared to a two- arrangement MANISH BHARGAVA, ROOMI KALITA and JOSEPH
More informationEnergy costs are the largest
Improving the distillation energy network Energy-efficient design applied to the refit of a distillation unit was achieved through optimisation between the distillation column and heat network system SOUN
More informationOil & Gas. From exploration to distribution. Week 3 V19 Refining Processes (Part 1) Jean-Luc Monsavoir. W3V19 - Refining Processes1 p.
Oil & Gas From exploration to distribution Week 3 V19 Refining Processes (Part 1) Jean-Luc Monsavoir W3V19 - Refining Processes1 p. 1 Crude Oil Origins and Composition The objective of refining, petrochemical
More informationSelection of Column Internals - Coker Unit
Moving Ahead Selection of Column Internals - Coker Unit Sulzer Chemtech August 4, 2009 Presenter: Nina Prohorenko-Johnson Coker Main Fractionator Quench Feed: Bottom of Barrel GAS LPG GASOLINE COKE DRUMS
More informationUSES FOR RECYCLED OIL
USES FOR RECYCLED OIL What happens to your recycled used oil? Used oil, or 'sump oil' as it is sometimes called, should not be thrown away. Although it gets dirty, used oil can be cleaned of contaminants
More informationPetroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah
Catalytic Operations Fluidized Catalytic Cracking The fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit is the heart of the refinery and is where heavy low-value petroleum stream such as vacuum gas oil (VGO) is
More informationSystems. In-line Blending. Solutions you can trust
In-line Blending Systems In-line Blending Solutions you can trust Blending In-line Blending In-line Blending is the controlled, continuous mixing of a number of components to produce a finished product
More informationThe FCCU main fractionator is a key
Benefit of revamping a main fractionator Additional FCCU capacity can often be achieved by implementing new packing and distributor designs, even if the main fractionator has already been revamped. The
More informationCorrelating TBP to Simulated Distillations. COQA Long Beach, CA
Correlating TBP to Simulated Distillations COQA Long Beach, CA 2017-10-05 Maxxam Analytics Overview Maxxam Analytics A Bureau Veritas Group Company 69,000 1,400 3 Maxxam Analytics Part of the Bureau Veritas
More informationOptimizing Distillate Yields and Product Qualities. Srini Srivatsan, Director - Coking Technology
Optimizing Distillate Yields and Product Qualities Srini Srivatsan, Director - Coking Technology Email: srini.srivatsan@amecfw.com Optimizing Distillate Yields and Product Properties Overview Delayed coker
More informationCRUDE DISTILLATION. Overview. Purpose To recover light materials. Fractionate into sharp light fractions.
Overview Purpose To recover light materials. Fractionate into sharp light fractions. CRUDE DISTILLATION Configuration May be as many as three columns in series Crude Stabilizer/Preflash Column Reduce traffic
More informationIMPROVED HIGH PERFORMANCE TRAYS
Distillation Absorption 2010 A.B. de Haan, H. Kooijman and A. Górak (Editors) All rights reserved by authors as per DA2010 copyright notice IMPROVED HIGH PERFORMANCE TRAYS Stefan Hirsch 1 and Mark Pilling
More informationBy Torkil Ottesen Hansen General Manager, Process Department, Refinery Technology. Hydrotreater revamp case story: Making the most of what you have
By Torkil Ottesen Hansen General Manager, Process Department, Refinery Technology Hydrotreater revamp case story: Making the most of what you have Hydrotreater revamp case study: Making the most of what
More informationThis is the first of two articles
Increasing distillate ion at zero capital cost Significantly increasing distillate ion can at the earliest stages require no more than process tweaks before significant capital revamps are required JOE
More informationTechnipFMC RFCC Technology converts bunker fuels into high value products for African refiners
TechnipFMC RFCC Technology converts bunker fuels into high value products for African refiners Eusebius Gbordzoe, Harvey McQuiston and Steve Gim ARA Week March 13 2017 TechnipFMC Process Technology What
More informationAlon Big Springs refinery
Revamping for ULSD production A sandwich catalyst system has given the additional activity needed to process difficult feed in a hydrotreater MIKE ROGERS Criterion Catalysts & Technologies KIRIT SANGHAVI
More informationSystems. In-line Blending
In-line Blending Systems In-line Blending Blending In-line Blending In-line Blending is the controlled, continuous mixing of a number of components to produce a finished product of closely defined quality.
More informationCanadian Bitumen and Synthetic Crudes
Understanding the Quality of Canadian Bitumen and Synthetic Crudes Pat Swafford Spiral Software Limited Crude Oil Quality Group Meeting February 26, 2009 Introduction Canadian crude production is increasing
More informationHow. clean is your. fuel?
How clean is your fuel? Maurice Korpelshoek and Kerry Rock, CDTECH, USA, explain how to produce and improve clean fuels with the latest technologies. Since the early 1990s, refiners worldwide have made
More informationSulzer Chemtech. Process Technology and Equipment for Oil Refineries and Crude Oil Production
Sulzer Chemtech Process Technology and Equipment for Oil Refineries and Crude Oil Production 0696 2523 Excellence in Refining Technology Sulzer Chemtech is the process engineering division of the international
More informationNEW METHODOLOGY OF DETERMINATION OF BOILING POINT AT VERY LOW PRESSURE: PETROLEUM CASE
Distillation Absorption 2010 A.B. de Haan, H. Kooijman and A. Górak (Editors) All rights reserved by authors as per DA2010 copyright notice NEW METHODOLOGY OF DETERMINATION OF BOILING POINT AT VERY LOW
More informationCombustion Gas Turbine Fuel Pumps. CIRCOR White Paper
Combustion Gas Turbine Fuel Pumps CIRCOR White Paper The modern combustion gas turbine is one of the most reliable machines in use and a workhorse of the electric power generation industry. It can be on-site
More informationResults Certified by Core Labs for Conoco Canada Ltd. Executive summary. Introduction
THE REPORT BELOW WAS GENERATED WITH FEEDSTOCK AND PRODUCT SAMPLES TAKEN BY CONOCO CANADA LTD, WHO USED CORE LABORATORIES, ONE OF THE LARGEST SERVICE PROVIDERS OF CORE AND FLUID ANALYSIS IN THE PETROLEUM
More informationThe Advantage of Real Atmospheric Distillation using D7345 Test Method. Presented by Jonathan Cole, PAC
The Advantage of Real Atmospheric Distillation using D7345 Test Method Presented by Jonathan Cole, PAC Distillation - a Critical Measurement Crude feedstock has a complex mixture of hydrocarbons Separate
More informationWhite Paper. Improving Accuracy and Precision in Crude Oil Boiling Point Distribution Analysis. Introduction. Background Information
Improving Accuracy and Precision in Crude Oil Boiling Point Distribution Analysis. Abstract High Temperature Simulated Distillation (High Temp SIMDIS) is one of the most frequently used techniques to determine
More informationConversion Processes 1. THERMAL PROCESSES 2. CATALYTIC PROCESSES
Conversion Processes 1. THERMAL PROCESSES 2. CATALYTIC PROCESSES 1 Physical and chemical processes Physical Thermal Chemical Catalytic Distillation Solvent extraction Propane deasphalting Solvent dewaxing
More informationSolvent Deasphalting Conversion Enabler
Kevin Whitehead Solvent Deasphalting Conversion Enabler 5 th December 2017 Bottom of the Barrel Workshop NIORDC, Tehran 2017 UOP Limited Solvent Deasphalting (SDA) 1 Natural Gas Refinery Fuel Gas Hydrogen
More informationFundamentals of Petroleum Refining Refinery Products. Lecturers: assistant teachers Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining Refinery Products Lecturers: assistant teachers Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna 1 Refinery Products Composition There are specifications for over
More informationUsing Pyrolysis Tar to meet Fuel Specifications in Coal-to-Liquids Plants
Using Pyrolysis Tar to meet Fuel Specifications in Coal-to-Liquids Plants Jaco Schieke, Principal Process Engineer, Foster Wheeler Business Solutions Group, Reading, UK email: Jaco_Schieke@fwuk.fwc.com
More informationPetroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimization
An Intensive 10-Day Training Course Petroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimization 06-17 Dec 2015 03-14 Apr 2016 04-15 Dec 2016 Dubai, United Arab Emirates 18-OCT-15 This course
More informationAcombination. winning
winning Acombination Gary M. Sieli, Lummus Technology, USA, and Nash Gupta, Chevron Lummus Global LLC, USA, discuss delayed coking and the LC-FINING ebullated bed hydrocracker technology. Refinery operations
More informationCorrelation of True Boiling Point of Crude Oil
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 6, Issue 7 (July 2017), PP.45-49 Correlation of True Boiling Point of Crude Oil Justus
More informationCooling water. Reflux drum. Product drum. Boiler. Decant oil. feed. water. Revamp improves FCC performance at BP s Texas City refinery
P ROCESSING PROCESS FLOW SCHEME BEFORE REVAMP Fig. 1 Steam Scott W. Golden Daryl W. Hanson Process Consulting Services Inc. Houston Joy Hansen Mike Brown BP Products Co. Texas City,Tex. LCCO product Gasoline-LCCO
More informationMini refinery feasibility study
Mini refinery feasibility study Introduction The first part of any study into a mini-refinery application is an initial assessment of its economic feasibility. This requires an understanding of what a
More informationDistillation in Refining
CHAPTER Distillation in Refining 4 Stuart Fraser Consultant. London, UK, Formerly Head of Separations Group, BP Oil CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 Scale of the operation... 155 4.2 Refinery flow schemes... 158 4.3
More informationProduct Loss During Retail Motor Fuel Dispenser Inspection
Product Loss During Retail Motor Fuel Dispenser Inspection By: Christian Lachance, P. Eng. Senior Engineer - ment Engineering and Laboratory Services ment Canada Date: Product Loss During Retail Motor
More information1. Introduction. 2. Challenges. APC Implementation Case Study Implementing Advanced Process Control on Hydrocracker Unit 1
1 1. Introduction An Advanced Process Control application was implemented on the distillation section of a refinery Hydrocracker Unit. The scope included the Main Fractionator column, a Vacuum Fractionator
More informationImproving reliability increases profitability. When
Reprinted from: June 2000 issue, p. 45-56. Used with permission. Revamping crude unit increases reliability and operability By improving the operation of nonrotating equipment, a refiner minimizes losses
More informationPILOT PLANT DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION Training Duration 5 days
Training Title PILOT PLANT DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION Training Duration 5 days Training Date Pilot Plant Design, Installation & Operation 5 21 25 Sep $3,750 Dubai, UAE In any of the 5 star hotels.
More informationCrude Evaluation Best Practices
Crude Evaluation Best Practices IDTC 2017 May 16 & 17 Dubrovnik, CROATIA Malek Masri www.haverly.com Crude Evaluation Optimized Process IDTC 2017 May 16 & 17 Assay accuracy and update Importance of crude
More informationReplacing the Volume & Octane Loss of Removing MTBE From Reformulated Gasoline Ethanol RFG vs. All Hydrocarbon RFG. May 2004
Replacing the Volume & Octane Loss of Removing MTBE From Reformulated Gasoline Ethanol RFG vs. All Hydrocarbon RFG May 2004 Prepared and Submitted by: Robert E. Reynolds President Downstream Alternatives
More informationCRUDE OIL DATA BANK AND ITS UTILIZATION THROUGH COMPUTERISATION
Workshop on Challenges in Crude Evaluation with Changing Crude Scenario CRUDE OIL DATA BANK AND ITS UTILIZATION THROUGH COMPUTERISATION A.K. Saxena, V.S. Kukreti and M.L. Sagu Indian Institute of Petroleum,
More informationProSimTechs PROCESS SIMULATION TECHNICS
PROCESS SIMULATION TECHNICS Rigorous Process Simulation Services for the Vegetable oils & Fats refining industry (Degumming - Neutralising Bleaching Deodorising/Physical Refining) Deodorising and Physical
More informationheavy crude blends. Most heavy crudes have higher viscosities,
P ROCESSING Refiners processing heavy crudes can experience crude distillation problems Steve White Tony Barletta Process Consulting Services Inc. Houston Refiners will process increasingly heavier crude
More informationCrude Oil Distillation. Chapter 4
Crude Oil Distillation Chapter 4 Gases Gas Sat Gas Plant Polymerization LPG Sulfur Plant Sulfur Alkyl Feed Alkylation Butanes Fuel Gas LPG Gas Separation & Stabilizer Light Naphtha Heavy Naphtha Isomerization
More informationEstimation Procedure for Following Vapor Pressure Changes
Estimation Procedure for Following Vapor Pressure Changes through Repeated Blending of Petroleum Stocks from Boiling Point Curves A practical method to estimate the vapor pressures of blended and reblended
More informationNORDAC 2014 Topic and no NORDAC
NORDAC 2014 Topic and no NORDAC 2014 http://www.nordac.net 8.1 Load Control System of an EV Charging Station Group Antti Rautiainen and Pertti Järventausta Tampere University of Technology Department of
More informationKolmetz Handbook of Process Equipment Design REFINERY ATMOSPHERIC CRUDE TOWER SELECTION AND SIZING (ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDELINE)
Page: 1 of 164 SOLUTIONS, STANDARDS AND SOFTWARE www.klmtechgroup.com Rev 01 KLM Technology #03-12 Block Aronia, Jalan Sri Perkasa 2 Taman Tampoi Utama 81200 Johor Bahru Malaysia Kolmetz Handbook of TOWER
More informationReport. Refining Report. heat removal, lower crude preheat temperature,
Delayed coker FCC feed hydrotreater FCCU Crude unit Hydrotreater Hydrotreater P r o c e s s i n g Better fractionation hikes yields, hydrotreater run lengths Scott Golden Process Consulting Services Houston
More informationAchieving Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel with IsoTherming Technology
Achieving Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel with IsoTherming Technology Matthew Clingerman ERTC Annual Meeting 13 15 November, 2017 DuPont Clean Technologies www.cleantechnologies.dupont.com Copyright 2017 E. I.
More informationFCC Gasoline Treating Using Catalytic Distillation. Texas Technology Showcase March 2003, Houston, Texas. Dr. Mitchell E. Loescher
F Gasoline Treating Using atalytic Distillation Texas Technology Showcase March 2003, Houston, Texas Dr. Mitchell E. Loescher Gasoline of the Future Lead is out Olefins reduced Aromatics reduced Benzene
More informationAtmospheric Crude Tower with Aspen HYSYS V8.0
Atmospheric Crude Tower with Aspen HYSYS V8.0 1. Lesson Objectives Assign petroleum assay to stream Configure column pre-heater Configure crude tower 2. Prerequisites Aspen HYSYS V8.0 Introduction to distillation
More informationResearch. perfecting petroleum
perfecting petroleum content Q8 is committed to innovative research and the sustainability of our energy resources and the environment. Bakheet Al-Rashidi, President Kuwait Petroleum International our
More informationBest Practice in Fleet Operation
Rio 02 World Climate & Energy Event Jan, 9th, 2002 Best Practice in Fleet Operation João Eudes Touma Chief Executive Manager - PETROBRAS CONPET Energy Efficiency Programme -Brazilian Government National
More informationAsphalt Emulsion VOC Testing
Asphalt Emulsion VOC Testing Presentation To PPRA Meeting Florida - 2016 Arlis Kadrmas Presentation Outline Background Why VOC testing of emulsified asphalt? Recovery Procedures used for residue VOC testing
More informationMIXPAC TM Technical Services Your partner for successful solutions. Sulzer Chemtech
MIXPAC TM Technical Services Your partner for successful solutions Sulzer Chemtech Turning ideas into products efficiently Technical Services to help you move forward The success of your single or multi-component
More informationPetroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimisation
Petroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimisation 03-14 December 2017 Dubai, United Arab Emirates wwqw Petroleum Refining-Production Planning, Scheduling and Yield Optimisation
More informationAcomprehensive analysis was necessary to
10 ppm Sulfur Gasoline Opportunity Analysis Delphine Largeteau Senior Technologist - Mktg. Associate Jay Ross Senior Technology and Mktg. Manager Larry Wisdom Marketing Executive Acomprehensive analysis
More informationHaldor Topsøe Optimising diesel yield and product properties in hydrocracking. Bettina Sander-Thomsen, New Delhi, April 2012
Haldor Topsøe Optimising diesel yield and product properties in hydrocracking Bettina Sander-Thomsen, New Delhi, April 2012 Outline Topsøe in hydrocracking Importance of pretreatment Changes in feedstock
More informationThe Role of the Merox Process in the Era of Ultra Low Sulfur Transportation Fuels. 5 th EMEA Catalyst Technology Conference 3 & 4 March 2004
The Role of the Merox Process in the Era of Ultra Low Sulfur Transportation Fuels 5 th EMEA Catalyst Technology Conference 3 & 4 March 2004 Dennis Sullivan UOP LLC The specifications for transportation
More informationУверенная модернизация
Уверенная модернизация Compact refineries (mini-refineries) Rustranstek through its partners offers wide range of compact refineries (mini-refineries) with crude oil output from 10 to 500 thousand tons
More informationexactly the same savings in investment cost much faster overall construction profitability
WHY MODULAR? For 37 years, modular equipment has been manufacturing and delivering to customers. Modular construction is, in our opinion, the best way to build an oil refinery, particularly in capacities
More informationCHAPTER 2 REFINERY FEED STREAMS: STREAMS FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM TOWERS
CHAPTER 2 REFINERY FEED STREAMS: STREAMS FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM TOWERS About This Chapter The previous chapter introduced crude oil as a mixture of compounds. The characteristics of these compounds
More informationCo-Processing of Green Crude in Existing Petroleum Refineries. Algae Biomass Summit 1 October
Co-Processing of Green Crude in Existing Petroleum Refineries Algae Biomass Summit 1 October - 2014 1 Overview of Sapphire s process for making algae-derived fuel 1 Strain development 2 Cultivation module
More informationChina s Refining Industry: History and Technology Evolution. Rob Tufts, BRSI Inc., Cochrane Alberta, Canada
China s Refining Industry: History and Technology Evolution Rob Tufts, BRSI Inc., Cochrane Alberta, Canada rtufts@brsi-ca.com +1 403 630-0789 This presentation will highlight: 1. The increased utilization
More informationProducts Methodology. September 2013
Products Methodology September 2013 Gasoline Gasolines are a blend of light hydrocarbons for use as a motor fuel. Quality specifications vary between regions due to climate and environmental requirements,
More informationAPC Implementation Case Study Vacuum Gasoil Cloud Point Model Predictive Controller 1
1 1. Introduction In the refining processes, the bottoms of the crude distillation unit (CDU) are typically sent to a vacuum distillation unit (VDU) in order to further improve recovery of gasoil and separate
More informationWaste Lubricating Oil Purification and Recovery
Waste Lubricating Oil Purification and Recovery It may be surprising to note that, under normal circumstances, lubricating oil cannot be easily destroyed; it only gets dirty and is easily contaminated
More informationMthSc 810 Mathematical Programming Case Study: The Global Oil Company
MthSc 810 Mathematical Programming Case Study: The Global Oil Company October 30, 1996 Students may work in groups of up to three people. You may consult only your textbook, your notes, the AMPL manual,
More informationSupport for the revision of the CO 2 Regulation for light duty vehicles
Support for the revision of the CO 2 Regulation for light duty vehicles and #3 for - No, Maarten Verbeek, Jordy Spreen ICCT-workshop, Brussels, April 27, 2012 Objectives of projects Assist European Commission
More informationReal Time Optimisation of ULSD Production
Real Time Optimisation of ULSD Production Francisco Arista, CEPSA, Huelva, Spain, francisco.arista@huelva.cepsa.es Andres Porcel, CEPSA, Huelva, Spain, andres.porcel@huelva.cepsa.es Pedro Villar, CEPSA,
More informationOnce a waste of lamp oil production
Refinery All processes and activities described so far happened on the upstream side. he next step to convert crude to e.g. gasoline is happening on the downstream side in refineries. olie 1 Once a waste
More informationPCE154. Refinery Process and Products. H.H. Sheikh Sultan Tower (0) Floor Corniche Street Abu Dhabi U.A.E
PCE154 Refinery Process and Products H.H. Sheikh Sultan Tower (0) Floor Corniche Street Abu Dhabi U.A.E www.ictd.ae ictd@ictd.ae Course Introduction: To provide broad technical information on refining
More informationCrude and vacuum distillation
APPLICATION REPORT Crude and vacuum distillation Crude oil Wash water Reflux drum Overhead flare valve Gas to flare Steam Non-condens - able gases Water Desalter Stripping steam Light naphtha Separator
More informationPETROLEUM: CHEMISTRY, REFINING, FUELS AND PETROCHEMICALS - Petroleum: Chemistry, Refining, Fuels and Petrochemicals Refining - James G.
PETROLEUM: CHEMISTRY, REFINING, FUELS AND PETROCHEMICALS -REFINING James G. Speight 2476 Overland Road,Laramie, WY 82070-4808, USA Keywords: Dewatering, desalting, atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation,
More informationCommissioning chilled water TES systems
Commissioning chilled water TES systems Chilled water thermal energy storage systems should be as simple as possible. The success of a project depends on documenting and continually evaluating the owner
More informationThermal cracking Introduction
5.3 Thermal cracking 5.3.1 Introduction Thermal cracking is the thermal decomposition of straight-run and recycled heavy s at temperatures between about 450 and 540 C under moderate pressure conditions.
More informationMass Transfer Trays for - Refineries - Chemical and Petrochemical Industries - Environmental Applications
Mass Transfer Trays for - Refineries - Chemical and Petrochemical Industries - Environmental Applications Our Program Products, Installation and Technical Support We Offer Solutions...... to increase the
More informationRelative volume activity. Type II CoMoS Type I CoMoS. Trial-and-error era
Developments in hydrotreating catalyst How a second generation hydrotreating catalyst was developed for high pressure ultra-low sulphur diesel units and hydrocracker pretreaters MICHAEL T SCHMIDT Haldor
More informationProject Reference No.: 40S_B_MTECH_007
PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM DAIRY WASH WATER SCUM THROUGH HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TBC DIESEL ENGINE FOR DIFFERENT DIESEL AND METHANOL BLEND RATIOS Project Reference No.: 40S_B_MTECH_007
More informationRefining impact of the IMO bunker fuel sulphur decision
Refining impact of the IMO bunker fuel sulphur decision EGCSA Workshop 30 November 2016 Outline IMO Decision Fuel Availability Studies Fuel composition considerations Transition Refinery sulphur balance
More informationFischer-Tropsch Refining
Fischer-Tropsch Refining by Arno de Klerk A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor (Chemical Engineering) in the Department of Chemical Engineering
More informationApplication of the Self-Heat Recuperation Technology to Crude Oil Distillation
Application of the Self-Heat Recuperation Technology to Crude Oil Distillation Yasuki Kansha, Akira Kishimoto, Atsushi Tsutsumi* Collaborative Research Centre for Energy Engineering, Institute of Industrial
More informationSensitivity analysis and determination of optimum temperature of furnace for commercial visbreaking unit
ISSN : 0974-7443 Sensitivity analysis and determination of optimum temperature of furnace for commercial visbreaking unit S.Reza Seif Mohaddecy*, Sepehr Sadighi Catalytic Reaction Engineering Department,
More informationThe Asphalt Oil Binder Business A Necessary Evil or a Godsend From a Refiner s Perspective
The Asphalt Oil Binder Business A Necessary Evil or a Godsend From a Refiner s Perspective Austin Miller Sr. Manager Asphalt Supply & Trading Valero Energy Corporation NAPA s 56 th ANNUAL MEETING Orlando,
More informationIntroduction of S-OIL
Introduction of S-OIL Ⅱ. 온산공장소개 1. Location S-OIL is located at On-San national Industrial area in Ulsan, Korea. S-OIL Refinery in Ulsan, Korea Seoul (Ulsan 669 MB/D) KPIC Inchon Daesan KNOC (Inchon) Ulsan
More information