1.964 Design for Sustainability Fall 2006 Homework #3
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1 1.964 Design for Sustainability Fall 2006 Homework #3 Assigned: October 4, 2006 Due: October 11, 2006 Attached are partial data sets for concrete and steel. Perform a life cycle inventory of the manufacture of 1 cubic meter of concrete and 1 cubic meter of rolled section steel using the matrix methodology presented in class. Before you set up your matrices, be sure to go through all the preliminary steps presented in LCA: what it is and how to do it. You will find that you do not have all of the data necessary to completely fill your matrices. That is fine. Simply fill the spots you don t have data for with a place holder. Discuss your results. What can you conclude, if anything, about the two materials you compared after the life cycle inventory stage? What additional information would you need to conduct a complete life cycle assessment?
2 Concrete Portland cement: Gravel: Diesel fuel: Natural Gas: Light fuel oil: Heavy fuel oil: Lubricating oil: Transport by 28t truck: Transport by barge: Steel: Synthetic Rubber: 300 kg 1890 kg 186 kg 22.7 MJ 4.36 kwh 1.16 MJ 13.3 MJ 3.09 MJ MJ tkm 9.44 tkm 49.2 tkm 6.82 tkm kg kg Waste to inert landfill: Waste to municipal incinerator: Concrete production effluent: Concrete: 15.7 MJ 16.9 kg m3 1 m3 Portland cement Clinker: Gypsum: Additional milling substances: Clinker kg kg kg tkm kwh Portland cement: MJ (Note: No dust emissions taken into account as it is assumed that dust is "fully" recycled) Bauxite: Lime: Limestone: Sand: Clay: Natural gas: Light fuel oil: Heavy fuel oil: Hard coal: Petroleum coke: Transport by 28t truck: Transport by 40t truck: Diesel in building machine: kg kg kg MJ kg kg kg kwh tkm tkm tkm MJ 1.96 kg Waste to inert landfill: Waste to municipal incineration: Clinker: 3.62 MJ kg kg kg kg kg kg kg Gypsum Gypsum (resource): Diesel used in machines: MJ kwh Gypsum (mined): MJ kg 0.65 kg Gravel Gravel (in ground): Diesel in building machine: Transport by 28t truck: Light fuel oil: 1.04 kg 1.38 kg MJ tkm tkm MJ kwh Waste to municipal incineration: Sand: Gravel (mined): MJ kg 0.35 kg 0.65 kg
3 Steel Pig iron: Iron scrap: Ferronickel: Ferrochromium: Ferromanganese: Molybdenite: Coke: Lime: Natural gas: Transport by 32t truck: 0.9 kg kg 0.04 kg kg kg kg kg MJ kg MJ kwh 2.7 kg tkm tkm Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Waste to landfill: Steel, low-alloyed, BOF: MJ kg kg kg kg kg Pig Iron Sinter: Pellets: Limestone: Coke: Coal: Transport by 32t truck: 1.05 kg 0.4 kg 0.15 kg kg 0.34 MJ 0.15 kg 100 kwh tkm tkm Waste to landfill: Pig iron: 0.49 MJ kg kg kg kg kg kg Iron Ore Iron ore (resource): Diesel in building machine: kg MJ kwh MJ kg kg Sinter Lime: Transport by 32t truck: Natural gas: Coke: 1.5 kg 0.05 kg tkm tkm MJ 1.43 MJ 0.5 kg 0.01 kwh Hydrocarbons: Sinter: 1.54 MJ kg kg kg kg kg kg
4 Pellets 1.5 kg MJ Bentonite: 0.04 kg kg Transport by 40t truck: tkm kg tkm kg 0.09 kg Natural gas: MJ kg kwh Hydrocarbons: kg Pellets: Steel, section bar rolling Cumulative energy: 1.74 MJ Sulphur dioxide: Rolled section bar: 0.14 kg kg kg kg
5 Transport by 16t truck Diesel fuel: 0.21 Methane: Waste Heat: Truck operation: kg kg kg kg kg 9.59 MJ 1 tkm (average load factor = 50%) Transport by 28t truck Diesel fuel: 0.29 kg Methane: Waste Heat: Truck operation: kg kg kg kg kg kg 13.2 MJ 1 tkm (average load factor = 50%) Transport by 40t truck Diesel fuel: kg Methane: Truck operation: kg kg kg kg kg 15.8 MJ 1 tkm (average load factor = 50%) Transport by rail Diesel fuel: kg kwh Methane: Sulfur dioxides: Freight train operation: kg kg kg kg kg kg MJ 1 tkm
6 Electricity Hard Coal Natural Gas kg 0.25 MJ Sulfur Dioxide Carbon monoxide Methane Hydrocarbons: Dust to Air: Electricity kg kg kg kg 2.02x10-9 kg kg kg 1 kwh Transport by barge Hard Coal Water Clay kg kg 5.9x10-6 kg Carbon monoxide Methane Hydrocarbons: Dust to Air: Sulfur Dioxide Barge operation MJ x10-5 kg kg 1.2x10-5 kg 1.4x10-7 kg 7.8x10-6 kg kg 1 tkm
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U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 11, 2018 Ended March 17, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 263,352 7.5% 2,764,973 251,361-0.8% 33,430 6.9% 351,170 31,925 2.7% 85,939 11.3% 918,975 83,543-1.9% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,050 0.9% 175,940 15,995-0.9% 10,049 1.4% 109,760
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 13, 2018 Ended March 31, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 265,470 3,296,199 253,554-0.3% 33,691 4.6% 418,649 32,204 3.1% 82,740 5.1% 1,089,063 83,774-0.5% Farm Products excl., and Food 15,927-1.6% 208,740 16,057-0.8% 10,595 1.3% 130,447 10,034
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 9, 2019 Ended March 2, 2019
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 250,522-5.5% 2,238,465 248,718-0.3% 33,518-1.4% 286,869 31,874 0.7% 78,596-8.3% 725,583 80,620-3.2% Farm Products excl., and Food 15,205-8.4% 139,539 15,504-2.4% 9,661-1.5% 90,948 10,105
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 11, 2019 Ended March 16, 2019
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 240,317-8.8% 2,716,886 246,990-1.7% 31,865-4.7% 350,088 31,826-0.3% 72,190-16.0% 874,335 79,485-4.9% Farm Products excl., and Food 15,606-2.8% 170,620 15,511-3.0% 10,012-0.4% 110,563
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 14, 2016 Ended April 9, 2016
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 Cars vs 2015 Cumulative Avg/wk 2 vs 2015 229,704-20.0% 3,372,955 240,925-14.2% 31,259-0.3% 442,374 31,598 3.0% 58,166-44.9% 995,981 71,142-33.4% Farm Products excl., and Food 15,886-7.3%
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 13, 2017 Ended April 1, 2017
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 Cars vs 2016 Cumulative Avg/wk 2 vs 2016 259,720 9.1% 3,324,102 255,700 5.7% 32,210-5.6% 406,275 31,252-1.2% 78,665 26.8% 1,095,079 84,237 16.8% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,269-2.6%
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U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 27, 2018 Ended July 7, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 240,514 5.4% 6,987,928 258,812 1.4% 30,160 3.2% 871,930 32,294 3.8% 76,562-0.5% 2,217,801 82,141-0.1% Farm Products excl., and Food 15,124 10.0% 436,221 16,156 1.5% 10,017 7.2% 275,445
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 42, 2018 Ended October 20, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 265,776-0.7% 11,047,756 263,042 1.8% 30,761-0.2% 1,352,962 32,213 4.1% 85,929-0.4% 3,546,082 84,431-0.9% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,808-4.1% 681,566 16,228 2.4% 9,845 2.3% 432,578
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 39, 2018 Ended September 29, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 272,306 0.5% 10,248,559 262,784 2.0% 33,047 4.4% 1,260,433 32,319 4.5% 89,445 1.5% 3,284,902 84,228-1.0% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,942 2.8% 631,634 16,196 2.7% 10,721-2.9% 402,632
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 44, 2018 Ended November 3, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 270,305 1.8% 11,586,596 263,332 1.9% 32,209 2.2% 1,416,860 32,201 4.1% 88,399 1.6% 3,722,456 84,601-0.7% Farm Products excl., and Food 17,133 2.8% 715,329 16,257 2.3% 10,357 3.2% 453,424
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 41, 2018 Ended October 13, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 263,787 10,781,980 262,975 1.9% 30,416-1.7% 1,322,201 32,249 4.2% 86,312 0.2% 3,460,153 84,394-0.9% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,355 664,758 16,214 2.5% 9,927-0.3% 422,733 10,311
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 46, 2018 Ended November 17, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 262,514-1.1% 12,110,985 263,282 1.8% 31,796-0.4% 1,480,087 32,176 4.0% 86,159-0.2% 3,893,147 84,634-0.7% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,141-3.7% 747,905 16,259 2.1% 9,541-5.4% 473,048
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 45, 2018 Ended November 10, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 261,875 0.1% 11,848,471 263,299 1.8% 31,431 1,448,291 32,184 4.1% 84,532-0.7% 3,806,988 84,600-0.7% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,435-1.3% 731,764 16,261 2.3% 10,083 2.5% 463,507
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 18, 2018 Ended May 5, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 265,563 6.4% 4,612,788 256,266 0.9% 33,807 9.5% 583,320 32,407 3.6% 77,468 5.5% 1,483,363 82,409 0.4% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,952 8.3% 290,667 16,148 0.6% 10,407 4.6% 181,165
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 17, 2018 Ended April 28, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 266,453 3.7% 4,347,225 255,719 0.6% 32,916 3.4% 549,513 32,324 3.2% 78,970 4.2% 1,405,895 82,700 0.1% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,221 4.5% 273,715 16,101 0.1% 10,563 4.7% 170,758
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 26, 2018 Ended June 30, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 270,916 0.7% 6,747,414 259,516 1.3% 33,563 5.5% 841,770 32,376 3.8% 83,214-5.3% 2,141,239 82,355-0.1% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,316 2.1% 421,097 16,196 1.3% 11,027 1.8% 265,428
U.S. Rail Traffic 1. Week 24, 2018 Ended June 16, 2018
U.S. Rail Traffic 1 269,748 1.9% 6,208,034 258,668 1.3% 31,707 1.5% 775,785 32,324 3.7% 85,538-1.6% 1,975,019 82,292 0.3% Farm Products excl., and Food 16,717 6.2% 388,721 16,197 1.3% 10,837 7.4% 244,234
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