Tiruchengode ,Tamil Nadu, India. 2

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1 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MODERN TRAILER S.Durai 1, R.Vignesh 2, R. Vignesh 2, S.Vignesh 2, P.Vignesh 2, 1 2 Assistant Professor, UG Students Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S.R College of Engineering College, Abstract - Tipper has lots of applications in today s world. In industrial and domestic considerations, tippers can pull a variety of products including sand, grain, fertilizer, etc. The older model tipper has been conceived by observing the difficulty in unloading the materials. The modern trailer will unload the material in three directions. It is difficult to unload the materials directly at elevated place (such as top floor of a building) from the ground and also in small compact street. In our project these are rectified to unload the materials with Height Adjustable trailer very easily. Now the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty and hence suitable arrangement has been designed. This paper has mainly focused on above difficulty. Hence a prototype of suitable arrangement has been designed. This concept saves time & energy which leads to efficient working. Index words - Tipper, Height adjustable, Hydraulic cylinder. I. INTRODUCTION Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, robotics, etc., of these sources, hydraulic from an attractive medium. Automation plays an important role in automobile. Nowadays almost all the automobile vehicle is being atomized in order to product the human being. Mechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual effort by mechanical power. A trailer is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often on building sites. Trailers are distinguished from dump trucks by configuration: a trailer is usually an open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver, while a dump truck has its cab in front of the load. The skip can tip to dump the load; this is where the name "trailer" comes from. A trailer is an integral part of any construction work and hence its role is important for completion of any constructional site Tiruchengode ,Tamil Nadu, India. 2 vikiviki442@gmail.com [5] N.Eswara Prasath - In existing system, tipper can unload only in one side by using pneumatic jack or conveyor mechanism. Hence a prototype of suitable arrangement has been designed. The vehicles can be II.LITERATURE SURVEY [1] Mr.V.Prabakaran - The trailer will unload the material in only one single direction. It is difficult to unload the materials in small compact streets and small roads. In our project these are rectified to unload the trailer in all three sides very easily [2] Kshirsagar Prashant R - Tipper which are in existence to facilitate unloading of material are in only one direction. In order to resolve this problem we are providing modification in existing system. We are providing the sideway moments of the trolley which could be very useful where there is a shortage of space. [3] Shashidar - The older dropping trolley/dumper has been conceived by observing the difficulty in unloading the materials. By considering wide scope of the topic, it is necessary to do study and research on the topic of tipper mechanism in order to make it more economical and efficient. [4] Laukik Raut - The constructional work or the infrastructural work demands efficient and user friendly machinery which will lead to more and more use of three way dropping dumper. Further modifications and working limitations will put this work in the main league of use. This concept saves time & energy which leads to efficient working. unloaded from the trailer in three axes without application of any impact force. [6] Mr. Abhimanyu - Till now we were using the trolley with single way dumping mechanism. It also requires trained personnel for activating the mechanism. So these problems present in traditional method could be overcome by proposed mechanism. After few modifications, and working on disadvantages will put this paper work in the main league of use. This concept saves time and may lead to efficient working. III.HYDRAULICS Hydraulic systems possess numerous advantages over other systems of power operation. They are light in weight; they are simple and extremely reliable, requiring a minimum of attention and maintenance. Hydraulic controls are sensitive, and afford precise controllability. Because of the low inertia of moving parts, they start and stop in complete obedience to the desires of the operator, and their operation is positive.

2 Hydraulic systems are self-lubricated; consequently there is little wear or corrosion. Their operation is not apt to be interrupted by salt spray or water. Finally, hydraulic units are relatively quiet in operation, an important consideration when detection by the enemy must be prevented. IV.MAIN COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS: Hydraulic equipment can be split up into two basic categories of cylinders and valves. Cylinders are the muscles of pneumatic systems as they are used to move, hold and lift objects. They can even be used to operate other pneumatic components. Cylinders are operated by Pressurized fluid and they covert the stored energy in the Pressurized fluid into linear motion. Fig Hydraulic cylinder Linear motion is motion in a straight line: an apple falling from a tree or a sliding door closing is an example of linear motion. We can represent linear motion by arrows like the ones below. Two waypneumatic cylinder SPECIFICATION CYLIDNER SIZE L = 100 mm, Ø = 20mm, HOLE = Ø 08 mm PISTON SIZE : L = 100 mm, Ø = 20 mm. DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER: A double-acting cylinder has no spring inside to return it to its original position. It needs two fluid supplies, one to outstroke the piston and the other to in stroke the piston. To outstroke a double-acting cylinder we need Pressurized fluid to push against the piston inside the cylinder. As this happens, any fluid on the other side of the piston is forced out. This causes the double-acting cylinder to outstroke. When the piston has fully outstroke it is said to be positive. The symbol for a double-acting cylinder is shown below. Fluid in Fluid out Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of pneumatics, which concerns gases, Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering using the properties of fluids. In its fluid power applications, hydraulics is used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids. In the development of the submarine from prewar classes, many changes and improvements have occurred. One of the outstanding differences is the large variety of submarine devices which are now operated by hydraulic power. In early classes, there was no hydraulic system, and power requirements were met by means of air or electricity. Along with constantly improving submarine design has gone a constant extension and diversification of the use of hydraulic power.

3 VALVES: Valves control the flow of Pressurized fluid to a cylinder. They can be used to turn the fluid on or off, change the direction in which the fluid is flowing or even slow down the fluidflow. The most common type of valve is the 5/2 valve. (5/2) VALVE: A 5/2 valve gets its name because it has five ports and two states. A port is where we can connect a pipe and a state is simply a position that the valve can be in. The ports are numbered to help us make the right connections. The numbers will be stamped onto the casing of the valve. Wiper Motor Wiper Motor, the power source of the wiper blade, is the core of the whole wiper system. Therefore, the quality of the wiper motor must be guaranteed to ensure its performance. The wiper motor is a permanent-magnet direct current (DC) one. It is equipped on the front windscreen glass with the mechanical parts of the worm gear. The worm gear functions to slow down and increase torque. Its output shafts spur four-bar linkage, by which the movement is changed from rotary to swinging. Three-brush structure is adopted to make speed change more convenient. The intermittent relay, by which the interval is controlled, utilizing the return of switch contacts and the charge-discharge function of the resistor-capacitor in the relay, drives the wiper to wipe in a certain cycle. The wiper blade tape, the tool to clean the rainwater and the filth on the glass, presses the surface of the glass with springs. Only when the tip of the blade is in a certain angle with the glass, can the required function be realized. Inside the Wipers The wipers combine two mechanical technologies to perform their task: A combination electric motor and worm gear reduction provides power to the wipers. A neat linkage converts the rotational output of the motor into the back-andforth motion of the wipers. BATTERY An electric battery is a collection of one or more electrochemical cells in which stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. The principles of operation haven t changed much since the time of Volta. Each cell consists of two half cells connected in series through an electrolytic solution. One half cell houses the Anode to which the positive ions migrate from the Electrolyte and the other houses the Cathode to which the negative ones drift. The two cells are may be connected via a semi permeable membranous structure allowing ions to flow but not the mixing of electrolytes as in the case of most primary cells or in the same solution as in secondary cells. This is a general and basic principle of battery.

4 SPECIFICATIONS NOMINAL 12V VOLTAGE INTERNAL IMPEDANCE CHARGING CUT OFF VOLTAGE DISCHARGING CUT OFF VOLTAGE OPERATING TEMPERATURE Chemistry Capacity 0.25 Ω 13.3 V 10.5 charging discharging Lead Acid 7Ah Rating whr 84 Length 5.95 inches Width Height Weight 2.56 inches 3.7 inches 1 Kg 0 o C ~ 45 o C -0 o C ~ 55 o C SOLENIOD VALVE Valves control the flow of pressurized liquid to a cylinder. They can be used to turn the liquid on or off, change the direction in which the liquid is flowing or even slow down the liquid flow. The most common type of valve is the 5/2 valve. WORKING PRINCIPLE In this modern three axis hydraulic trailer system, the air circuit plays a vital role in the system and it is necessary to understand the movement and working principle of the air circuit. The basic rule of using hydraulic power is Pascal's Principle. Pascal's Principle: pressure exerted on a fluid is distributed equally throughout the fluid. Hydraulics uses incompressible liquids so the applied pressure from one end (small arrow) is equal to the desired pressure on the other end (big arrow). The valve is ON at the time of emergency; the pressurized liquid goes to Hydraulic cylinder. Then the pressurized liquid passes through the tube, and then pushes the hydraulic cylinder, so that the lifting is applied at the time of valve in ON position. The speed of hydraulic cylinder is varied by using flow control valve. The pressurized liquid flow is controlled by the valve. Then the pressurized liquid goes to the hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic cylinder piston moves forward at the time of pressurized liquid inlet to the cylinder.

5 VEHICLE MODEL FRAME DESIGN DATA Design of Piston rod Diameter of the Piston (d) Pressure acting (p) Material used for rod Yield stress (σy) = 40 mm = 6 kgf/cm² = = bar = N/mm 2 = MI = 36 kgf/mm² = = bar = N/mm 2

6 Factor of safety = 2 Force = Pressure x Area acting on the rod (F) F = p x (Πd² / 4) = x {( Π x 40² ) / 4 } = N Objective of the project To achieve high safety To reduce man power To increase the efficiency of the vehicle To reduce the work load To reduce the fatigue of workers To high responsibility Less Maintenance cost ADVANTAGES Lifting cost will be less. Free from wear adjustment. Less power consumption. Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate. Installation is simplified very much. Can be used in very compact places. Saves time & energy. CONCLUSION This paper will review the need of the HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE UNLOADING MODERN TRAILER for the ship to perform the operation of lifting heavy weight materials. This paper also studies the importance of pneumatic circuit system and its application in shipping industry. Various parts of the HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE UNLOADING MODERN TRAILER was studied and their performance was analyzed in terms of the work. Further review is made on the practical plastic model of project with analysis of Working and with the help of Hydraulic system lifting operations can be easily carried out without much effort and without outsourcing. It is applicable for various manufacturing industries. Thus we have developed HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE UNLOADING MODERN TRAILER which helps to know how to achieve low cost automation. The operating procedure of this system is very simple, so any person can operate. By using more techniques, they can be modified and developed according to the applications. REFERENCE Dubey and V. Dwivedi, Vehicle chassis analysis: load cases and boundary conditions for stress analysis. In 11th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms. IIT, Delhi, India, December Industrial Fluid Power By James Johnson Patent US Hydraulic jack for trailers - Google Patents Patent US Three-axis trailer hitch having improved rotatable coupling between vehicle S. Tiwari, Evolution of empirical relationship between high level design parameters with performance criteria of a ladder type chassis frame. Schmitz Cargobull Traller Compony