World Journal of Technology, Engineering and Research, Volume 4, Issue 1 (2018) 41-46 Contents available at WJTER World Journal of Technology, Engineering and Research Journal Homepage: www.wjter.com Automatic Speed Breaker System SachinV. Mate a*, Pawan N. Thakre b a,b Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.D.K College Of Engineering, Umred, M.S, India Hump Breaker RTC Scissor jack Arduino Keywords A B S T R A C T Speed hump is the kind of speed breaker, but in smaller size. Automated speed hump will work on the real time clock. Most of the times Speed humps are most annoying thing in the running road, but sometimes it plays most important role in safety. E.g. Pick hours of traffic, for solving this problem we are introducing Automated Speed hump with RTC. At particular time. This is very useful in areas like Parking Lots, School/ Colleges, and many more. Scissor jacks are used for lifting the hump, for operating jack DC gear motors are. To control lift of the jack Arduino based board are preferred, for real time control RTC circuit is used. 2018 WJTER All rights reserved
I. INTRODUCTION Speed hump is the kind of speed breaker, but in smaller size. Automated speed hump will work on the real time clock. Most of the times Speed humps are most annoying thing in the running road, but sometimes it plays most important role in safety. E.g. Pick hours of traffic, for solving this problem we are introducing Automated Speed hump with RTC. At particular time. This is very useful in areas like Parking Lots, School/ Colleges, and many more. Scissor jacks are used for lifting the hump, for operating jack DC gear motors are. To control lift of the jack Arduino based board are preferred, for real time control RTC circuit is used. II. WORKING Fig: schematics representation of automatic breaker system The automatic speed breakers system mainly work on the time and pneumatic cylinder mechanism. In this system when the rush increases in the area as regular time breaker installed at calculated location. It will go down when the regular time of rush passed over. We used pneumatic system to make the breaker up. Pneumatic system is based on time control system and solenoid valve. For creating the air pressure we used air compressor tank. For controlling solenoid valve we used embedded system. All above process is based on our time required. III.COMPONENTS AND MATERIAL Electric Motor An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse of this is the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator, which has much in common with a motor. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force. In certain applications, such as in regenerative braking with traction motors in the transportation industry, electric motors can also be used in reverse as generators to convert mechanical energy into electric power. 42
Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped- storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on. Electric motors are used to produce linear or rotary force (torque), and should be distinguished from devices such as magnetic solenoids and loudspeakers that convert electricity into motion but do not generate usable mechanical powers, which are respectively referred to as actuators and transducers Wound Stators There are three types of electricall connections between the stator and rotor possible for DC electric motors: series, shunt/parallel and compound (various blends of series and shunt/parallel) and each has unique speed/torque characteristics appropriate for different loading torque profiles/signatures. Toggle Jack Jackscrews are integral to the scissor jack, one of the simplest kinds of car jack still used.scissor car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle by manual force alone. The jack shown at the right is made for a modern vehicle and the notch fits into a hard point on a unibody. Earlier versions have a platform to lift on a vehicle's frame or axle. Electrically operated car scissor jacks are poweredby 12 volt,electricity supplied directly from the car's cigarette lighter receptacle. The electrical energy is used to power these car jacks to raise and lower automatically. Electric jacks require less effort from the motorist for operation. Arduino Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world. The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public
License(LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL)[1] permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself(diy) kits. Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project. RTC A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock (most often in the form of an integrated circuit) that keeps track of the current time. Although the term often refers to the devices in personal computers, servers and embeddedd systems, RTCs are present in almost any electronic device which needs to keep accurate time. A common RTC used in single-board computers is the DS1307. Power Source RTCs often have an alternate source of power, so they can continue to keep time while the primary source of power is off or unavailable. This alternate source of power is normally a lithium battery in older systems, but some newer systems use a supercapacitorbecause they are rechargeable and can be soldered. The alternate power source can also supply power to battery backed RAM. Timming Most RTCs use a crystal oscillator but some use the power line frequency In many cases, the oscillator's frequency is 32.768 khz. [7] This is the same frequency used in quartz clocks and watches, and for the same reasons, namely that the frequency is exactly 2 15 cycles per second, is a convenient rate to use with simple binary counter circuits. Many commercial RTC ICs are accurate to less than 5 parts per million. In practical terms, this is good enough to perform celestial navigation, the classic task of a chronometer. In 2011, Chip-scale atomic clocks were invented. Although more expensive, they keep time within 100 nanoseconds. Relay A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays". Magnetic latching relays require one pulse of coil power to move their contacts in one direction, and another, redirectedd pulse to move them back. Repeated pulses from the same input have no effect. Magnetic latching relays are useful in applications where interrupted power should not be able to transition the contacts. Magnetic latching relays can have either single or dual coils. On a single coil device, the relay will operate in one direction when power is applied with one polarity, and will reset when the polarity is reversed. On a dual coil device, when polarized voltage is applied to the reset coil the contacts will transition. AC controlled magnetic latch relays have single coils that employ steering diodes to differentiate between operate and reset commands. Time Delay Relay Timing relays are arranged for an intentional delay in operating their contacts. A very short (a fraction of a second) delay would use a copper disk between the armature and moving blade assembly. Current flowing in the disk maintains magnetic field for a short time, lengthening release time. For a slightly longer (up to a minute) delay, a dashpot is used. A dashpot is a piston filled with fluid that is allowed to escape slowly; both air-filled and oil-filled dashpots are used. The time period can be varied by increasing or decreasing the flow rate. For longer time periods, a mechanical clockwork timer is installed. Relays may be arranged for a fixed timing period, or may be field adjustable, or remotely set from a control panel. Modern microprocessor-based timing relays provide precision timing over a great range. Some relays are constructed with a kind of "shock absorber" mechanism attached to the armature which prevents immediate, full motion when the coil is either energized or de- Time-delay energized. This addition gives the relay the property of time-delay actuation. relays can be constructed to delay armature motion on coil energization, de-energization, or both. Time-delay relay contacts must be specified not only as either normally open or normally closed, but whether the delay operates in the direction of closing or in the direction of opening. The following is a description of the four basic types of time-delay relay contacts. First we have the normally open, timed-closed (NOTC) contact. This type of contact is normally open when the coil is unpowered (de-energized). The contact is closed by the application of power to the relay coil, but only after the coil has been continuously powered for the specified amount of time. In other words, the direction of the contact's motion (either
to close or to open) is identical to a regular NO contact, but there is a delay in closing direction. Because the delay occurs in the direction of coil energization, this type of contact is alternatively known as a normally open, on-delay. Vaccume Relay A sensitive relay having its contacts mounted in a highly evacuated glass housing, to permit handling radio-frequencvoltages as high as 20,000 volts without flashoverbetween contacts even though contact spacing is but a few hundredths of an inch when open. IV. CONCLUSION The current literature review studies the literature available on time embedded breaker system. Conclusion to these research work shows that realistic and practical life like research work has been made which can be milestone in electronics world. The future advancement in the concept is as told before, that more channel can be given to RTC to have more time slots to be work for. The cops will be more powerful and smart with the help of such ideas and concepts. As well as number of accidents can be reduced by implementation of such type of system.as the concept is so smart, the complexity can be considered easy in smartness of idea. V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We feed in great in presenting report of our project Seed sowing machine which finds application in much modern equipment and system, this project is done in partial fulfilment of B.E (Mechanical Engineering) course at KDK College of Engineering umred. We wish to express our sincere gratitude and thanks to our Guide Prof. S. V. Mate sir, during our whole project work for his inspiration give to us and guidance showered open us. He was greatly helpful to us by solving all our queries and difficulties. We are also thankful to head of department of mechanical engineering. Last but not we are thankful to and all out lectures who showered upon there help and guidance during the project work and also our friends who always ready to help. REFERENCES [1] Automatic Scissor Jack Using Car Battery by D. Hari, Kiranprudhvi, B. Saichand, G. Mohan. [2] Design of Machine by Prof. R. B. Patil. [3] www.parellax.com/dl/docs/books/edu/wamv2_2.pdf 46