Performance Measure Summary - Hartford CT There are several inventory and performance measures listed in the pages of this Urban Area Report for the years from 1982 to 2014. There is no single performance measure that experts agree says it all. A few key points should be recognized by users of the Urban Mobility Scorecard data. Use the trends The multi-year performance measures are better indicators, in most cases, than any single year. Examining a few measures over many years reduces the chance that data variations or the estimating procedures may have caused a "spike" in any single year. (5 years is 5 times better than 1 year.) Use several measures Each performance measure illustrates a different element of congestion. (The view is more interesting from atop several measures.) Compare to similar regions Congestion analyses that compare areas with similar characteristics (for example, population, growth rate, road and public transportation system design) are usually more insightful than comparisons of different regions. (Los Angeles is not Peoria.) Compare ranking changes and performance measure values In some performance measures a small change in the value may cause a significant change in rank from one year to the next. This is the case when there are several regions with nearly the same value. (15 hours is only 1 hour more than 14 hours.) Consider the scope of improvement options Any improvement project in a corridor within most of the regions will only have a modest effect on the regional congestion level. (To have an effect on areawide congestion, there must be significant change in the system or service.) Performance Measures and Definition of Terms Travel Time Index A measure of congestion that focuses on each trip and each mile of travel. It is calculated as the ratio of travel time in the peak period to travel time in free-flow. A value of 1.30 indicates that a 20-minute free-flow trip takes 26 minutes in the peak. Planning Time Index A travel time reliability measure that represents the total travel time that should be planned for a trip. Computed with the 95th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that should be planned for a commute trip to be late for only 1 day a month. If it is computed with the 80th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that should be planned for a trip to be late for only 1 day a week. A PTI of 2.00 means that for a 20-minute trip in light traffic, 40 minutes should be planned. Peak Commuters Number of travelers who begin a trip during the morning or evening peak travel periods (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). "Commuters" are private vehicle users unless specifically noted. per Commuter A yearly sum of all the per-trip delays for those persons who travel in the peak period (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). This measure illustrates the effect of traffic slowdowns as well as the length of each trip. Total Delay The overall size of the congestion problem. Measured by the total travel time above that needed to complete a trip at free-flow speeds. The ranking of total delay usually follows the population ranking (larger regions usually have more delay). Free-Flow Speeds These values are derived from overnight speeds in the INRIX speed database. They are used as the national comparison thresholds. Other speed thresholds may be appropriate for urban project evaluations or sub-region studies. Excess Fuel Consumed Increased fuel consumption due to travel in congested conditions rather than freeflow conditions. Congestion Cost Value of travel delay for 2014 (estimated at $17.67 per hour of person travel and $94.04 per hour of truck time) and excess fuel consumption estimated using state average cost per gallon. Urban Area The developed area (population density more than 1,000 persons per square mile) within a metropolitan region. The urban area boundaries change frequently (every year for most growing areas), so increases include both new growth and development that was previously in areas designated as rural. Number of Rush Hours Time when the road system might have congestion.
Inventory Measures 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Population (1000s) 910 905 905 905 900 Rank 51 51 51 51 51 Commuters (1000s) 447 450 450 450 446 Freeway 11,022 10,785 10,545 11,693 11,580 Arterial Streets 7,073 7,322 7,520 7,428 7,420 Value of Time ($/hour) 17.67 17.39 17.14 16.79 16.30 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 94.04 89.60 89.56 86.81 88.12 Gasoline ($/gallon) 3.65 3.82 3.78 3.59 2.91 Diesel ($/gallon) 3.87 4.20 4.15 3.90 3.20 System Performance 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) 30 -- -- -- -- Congested System (% of lane-miles) 26 -- -- -- -- Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") 3.80 -- -- -- -- Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 13,406 13,291 13,182 13,073 13,424 Rank 51 51 49 49 48 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 21 21 21 21 21 Rank 32 27 25 22 21 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 28,296 28,054 27,824 27,594 28,334 Rank 49 49 49 48 48 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 45 44 44 44 45 Rank 29 30 30 28 24 Travel Time Index 1.20 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.20 Rank 37 36 39 39 36 Commuter Stress Index 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 Rank 43 42 40 40 40 Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) 2.30 -- -- -- -- Rank 38 -- -- -- -- Total Cost ($ millions) 656 660 665 673 713 Rank 50 49 49 48 48 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 1,038 1,046 1,053 1,066 1,129 Rank 35 32 30 28 24
Inventory Measures 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Population (1000s) 900 895 895 895 890 Rank 49 49 49 48 48 Commuters (1000s) 445 441 440 439 434 Freeway 11,100 10,780 10,840 10,745 10,590 Arterial Streets 7,400 7,470 7,585 7,520 7,495 Value of Time ($/hour) 16.01 16.10 15.47 15.06 14.58 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 89.75 81.52 82.56 80.43 78.05 Gasoline ($/gallon) 2.41 3.55 3.23 2.83 2.35 Diesel ($/gallon) 2.88 4.46 3.66 2.99 2.65 System Performance 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 13,458 13,653 12,846 12,308 11,539 Rank 47 47 49 50 50 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 21 22 20 19 18 Rank 17 15 26 33 39 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 28,406 28,818 27,114 25,979 24,355 Rank 48 48 48 50 50 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 45 46 44 42 40 Rank 26 27 31 39 42 Travel Time Index 1.20 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.18 Rank 35 39 41 40 42 Commuter Stress Index 1.23 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.21 Rank 39 42 43 44 47 Total Cost ($ millions) 726 734 717 706 684 Rank 47 49 49 49 50 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 1,151 1,163 1,136 1,119 1,084 Rank 20 19 28 29 33
Inventory Measures 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Population (1000s) 885 880 875 870 865 Rank 48 48 46 44 43 Commuters (1000s) 429 425 417 410 402 Freeway 10,565 10,425 10,360 10,175 10,215 Arterial Streets 7,225 7,015 6,900 6,730 6,310 Value of Time ($/hour) 14.10 13.73 13.43 13.22 12.85 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 74.17 72.23 70.86 71.38 70.47 Gasoline ($/gallon) 2.08 1.60 1.46 1.77 1.70 Diesel ($/gallon) 2.11 1.68 1.42 1.60 1.58 System Performance 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 11,093 10,514 10,200 9,877 9,409 Rank 50 51 48 50 50 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 18 17 16 16 15 Rank 33 36 36 31 33 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 23,414 22,192 21,531 20,847 19,860 Rank 49 50 49 49 49 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 38 37 36 36 34 Rank 49 49 47 46 50 Travel Time Index 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 Rank 48 56 54 52 57 Commuter Stress Index 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.18 Rank 52 53 54 51 54 Total Cost ($ millions) 680 661 656 646 633 Rank 50 50 50 50 49 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 1,077 1,048 1,040 1,023 1,002 Rank 35 38 37 37 34
Inventory Measures 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Population (1000s) 860 850 845 845 840 Rank 43 43 42 42 41 Commuters (1000s) 395 385 378 373 367 Freeway 9,735 9,400 9,185 8,875 8,795 Arterial Streets 6,105 5,790 5,510 5,300 5,020 Value of Time ($/hour) 12.43 12.17 11.98 11.71 11.37 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 66.76 65.76 66.83 66.20 64.27 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.24 1.22 1.39 1.47 1.34 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.16 1.19 1.30 1.41 1.29 System Performance 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 8,785 8,467 7,782 7,438 7,295 Rank 50 50 51 49 46 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 14 13 12 12 12 Rank 34 34 38 31 20 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 18,544 17,871 16,427 15,699 15,399 Rank 49 49 50 48 46 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 33 32 30 29 29 Rank 53 54 57 56 48 Travel Time Index 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.13 Rank 62 56 62 50 47 Commuter Stress Index 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 Rank 53 53 55 53 50 Total Cost ($ millions) 610 601 561 549 554 Rank 49 50 51 49 45 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 967 953 889 869 878 Rank 36 32 34 34 29
Inventory Measures 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Population (1000s) 835 835 830 830 825 Rank 41 41 41 40 40 Commuters (1000s) 360 355 349 344 338 Freeway 8,580 8,480 9,315 7,680 7,200 Arterial Streets 4,690 4,350 4,100 3,950 3,915 Value of Time ($/hour) 11.06 10.78 10.47 10.17 9.75 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 62.23 60.84 59.01 57.31 55.03 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.18 1.23 1.26 1.23 1.12 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.13 1.18 1.25 1.38 1.20 System Performance 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 6,747 6,230 6,107 5,391 4,674 Rank 47 47 46 46 48 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 11 10 10 9 7 Rank 20 24 16 22 38 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 14,242 13,151 12,892 11,379 9,866 Rank 47 47 46 47 48 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 27 25 25 22 20 Rank 52 55 45 54 59 Travel Time Index 1.12 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.09 Rank 51 54 49 51 56 Commuter Stress Index 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.12 Rank 51 50 47 49 51 Total Cost ($ millions) 527 499 504 458 414 Rank 45 46 44 47 49 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 835 791 798 726 656 Rank 31 31 24 29 39
Inventory Measures 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 Population (1000s) 815 805 800 795 785 Rank 39 39 39 39 38 Commuters (1000s) 331 324 319 314 307 Freeway 6,915 6,720 6,480 6,155 5,900 Arterial Streets 3,800 3,725 3,595 3,510 3,400 Value of Time ($/hour) 9.25 8.83 8.48 8.18 8.03 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 52.81 50.04 48.53 46.57 47.83 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.21 1.12 1.12 1.09 1.43 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.23 1.14 1.14 1.11 1.45 System Performance 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 4,230 3,803 3,285 3,066 2,594 Rank 48 52 53 52 54 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 7 6 5 5 4 Rank 29 31 39 33 40 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 8,928 8,027 6,935 6,472 5,476 Rank 48 50 52 51 51 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 18 17 14 14 12 Rank 59 59 64 58 63 Travel Time Index 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.05 Rank 56 60 66 57 64 Commuter Stress Index 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.08 Rank 52 55 59 56 58 Total Cost ($ millions) 395 372 335 324 279 Rank 49 49 52 51 53 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 626 590 530 513 442 Rank 39 39 40 39 47
Inventory Measures 1984 1983 1982 Population (1000s) 780 775 775 Rank 38 39 38 Commuters (1000s) 303 298 295 Freeway 5,525 5,250 4,790 Arterial Streets 3,355 3,305 3,255 Value of Time ($/hour) 7.75 7.43 7.20 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 46.47 44.23 43.08 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.44 1.48 1.55 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.47 1.50 1.57 System Performance 1984 1983 1982 Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) -- -- -- Congested System (% of lane-miles) -- -- -- Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") -- -- -- Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 2,275 1,890 1,879 Rank 54 57 55 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 4 3 3 Rank 34 42 36 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 4,801 3,989 3,967 Rank 52 54 52 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 10 9 9 Rank 70 70 65 Travel Time Index 1.05 1.04 1.04 Rank 57 68 61 Commuter Stress Index 1.08 1.07 1.07 Rank 57 59 57 Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) -- -- -- Rank -- -- -- Total Cost ($ millions) 253 220 225 Rank 54 54 54 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 402 348 357 Rank 47 60 51