An Study on APIS in CLMV Countries August 27, 2018 Yeong Ro, LEE lyr@nia.or.kr
Back Ground : Fixed Broadband Subscription per 100 inhabitants, 2011-2016
Fixed broadband : cost as a percentage of GNI per capita against GNI per capita
Traffic Measurement between CLMV Countries Hanoi Vietnam Phnom Penh Cambodia Vientiane Lao PDR Checked and measured the speed and traffic routes in the region. OOkla servers in the Capital Cities were selected as the target points and NetInfoTrace was used as test tool with the Whois and Max Mind to take information of packet pathes Yangon Myanmar Test Items : Speed, delay, packet pathes (NetInfo Trace), IP information (WHOis.net), IP location information (MAX MIND), and route tracking (ICMP protocol). 4
Traffic Measurement to the Neighboring countries Capit al Neighboring Countires Capita l Southeast Asia Capit al Capit al Neighboring Countires Speed and path measurements were conducted in a one-way manner to neighboring ASEAN countries : Indonesia, Philippines,, Malaysia, Hong Kong China and Singapore. Neighboring Countires Here the capital Capital Cities in each country were selected as target points. 5
Packet Travel Distance : Actual distance/geo Distance Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam Cambodia 1 32 7 2 5 Lao PDR 11 1 33 4 3 Myanmar 6 3 1 2 6 Vietnam 28 2 23 1 3 40 30 20 10 0 Vietnam Myanmar Lao PDR Cambodia
Cambodia (CLMV : ) Continent Southeast Asia Source (Country Capital) Cambodia - Phnom Penh Destination Lao PDR Myanmar ETL public comp any Myanmar Posts a nd Telecom Trombonin g Index [B/A] 31.62 7.02 Trace Cambodia > China > Vietnam > Lao PDR Cambodia > China > Hong Kong, China > Myanmar Vietnam VNPT-Net 1.87 Cambodia > Vietnam Indonesia Hutchison 2.89 Philippines PLDT 2.10 TOT Public Comp any 5.31 Malaysia Telekom Malaysia 1.28 Hong Kong, China Cambodia > Hong Kong, China > Indonesia Cambodia > Singapore > Philippines Cambodia > Singapore > Cambodia > Singapore > Malaysia STC 1.07 Cambodia > Hong Kong, China Singapore SingTel 15.76 Cambodia > Germany > Singapore 7
Actual Packet Paths from Cambodia DE US Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Philippines Hong Kong
Lao PDR (CLMV : ) Continent Source (Country Capital) Destination Tromboning Index [B/A] Trace Southeast Asia Lao PDR - Vientiane Cambodia Metfone 11.59 Myanmar Myanmar Posts and Telecom 33.02 Lao PDR > > Singapore > China > Cambodia Lao PDR > > Malaysia > Singapore > USA > Myanmar Vietnam VNPT-Net 4.24 Lao PDR > Vietnam Indonesia Hutchison 4.04 Philippines PLDT 2.69 Malaysia Hong Kong, China TOT Public Co mpany Telekom Malay sia Interroute VDC 1.70 Lao PDR > > Malaysia > Hong Kong, China > Indonesia Lao PDR > > Singapore > Philippines 3.12 Lao PDR > Vietnam > 2.25 Lao PDR > > Malaysia Lao PDR > Vietnam > Hong Kong, China Singapore SingTel 1.63 Lao PDR > Vietnam > Singapore 9
Actual Packet Pathes from Lao PDR US Cambodia Myanmar Vietnam Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Philippines Hong Kong
Myanmar Continen t Southeas t Asia Source (Country Capit al) Myanmar - Yangon Destination Tromboning Index [B/A] Cambodia Metfone 5.50 Lao PDR ETL public comp any 2.70 Vietnam VNPT-Net 2.46 Trace Myanmar > Singapore > China > Cambodia Myanmar > Singapore > > Lao PDR Myanmar > Singapore > Vietnam Indonesia FirstMedia 2.08 Myanmar > India > Indonesia Philippines PLDT 1.66 TOT Public Comp any 5.94 Malaysia Telekom Malaysia 1.38 Hong Kong, China STC 1.00 (CLMV : ) ) Myanmar > Singapore > Philippines Myanmar > Singapore > Myanmar > Singapore > Malaysia Myanmar > Hong Kong, China Singapore SingTel 1.00 Myanmar > Singapore 11
Actual Packet Pathes from the Myanmar IN Cambodia Lao PDR Vietnam Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Philippines Hong Kong
Vietnam (CLMV : ) Contine nt Source (Country Capital) Destination Tromboning Index [B/A] Trace Cambodia Metfone 28.59 Vietnam > USA > China > Cambodia Lao PDR ETL public co mpany 2.09 Vietnam > Lao PDR Myanmar Myanmar Post s and Telecom 23.73 Vietnam > Hong Kong, China > USA > Myanmar Southea st Asia Vietnam - Ha Noi Indonesia Hutchison 1.85 Vietnam > Hong Kong, China > Indonesia Philippines PLDT 1.65 Vietnam > Philippines TOT Public Co mpany 2.74 Vietnam > Hong Kong, China > Malaysia Telekom Malay sia 1.25 Vietnam > Singapore > Malaysia Hong Kong, China STC 3.57 Vietnam > Hong Kong, China 13
Actual Packet Routes from Vietnam US Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Malaysia Indonesia Philippines Hong Kong
Cross Border Network Quality - Down Load Speed, Mbps - There were many differences among countries in the region. Vietnam is the highest and Lao PDR the lowest but better than 1Mbps Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam Cambodia (10.7) 7.5 7.4 6.3 7.6 Cogetel Online Lao PDR 1.5 (4.5) 3.5 4.9 3.8 ETL Unit : Mbps Myanmar 7.6 8.8 (14.1) 9.0 9.9 Fortune Int l Vietnam 11.9 20.3 14.1 (42.2) 14.9 FTP Telecom 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Mbps cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam Vietnam Lao PDR Myanmar Cambodia
Findings and Recommendation Most of the inter-national traffic have been exchanged through the foreign IXPs in the PoPs of tier 1 Global Internet Service Providers. Internet traffic is handled by business need between s from the beginning of internet introduction, Tromboning (Hairpinning) is serious even among neighboring countries. Therefore, it is necessary to promote intra-regional exchange of traffic by establishing neutral IXPs in each country and introduce a mutually beneficial routing policy. Policy cooperation for the Internet traffic management and assessment mechanism in this region will be important for the transit /connection cost saving and the quality improvement * for example, Vietnam has policy to distribute Neutral IXP in three regions and induce direct full exchange between domestic s. However, CLM country does not have Carrier Neutral IXP yet (Lao PDR, Myanmar) or limited interconnection (Cambodia) Broadband quality is also relatively low compared to the international recommendations. This is mainly due to the fact that mobile-based Internet is the mainstream in the broadband service. Therefore, it is necessary to expand fiber optic backbone and regional access network to improve speed and latency. To reduce high transit cost due to the high dependence of major contents in the outside of each country, keeping frequently used contents domestically by establishing Data Center collocated with IXPs and CDN System is recommended
Minimum Cross-Border Links and PoPs Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam China or Hongkong Banglad eshi or India Cambodia (O) (O) (O) (O) (O) (X) Lao PDR O (O) (O) (O) (O) (X) Myanmar X O (O) (O) (O) (O) Vietnam O O X (O) (O) (X) O O O X (O) (X) PoP China or Hongkong Banglades hi or India X O O O X (O) X X O X X O Cross-Border Links
Carrier Neutral Inter-related IXPs Hub Node_2 Global Transit Provider Asia Pacific North/South America Europe Hub Node_1 Other Subregional PoPs AS XXXXX ibgp Hub Node_4 Hub Node_3 IPv4 : x.x.x.x/23~24 IPv6 : X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X/96 A B C D
Design Concept of Inter-related IXPs Networking of the Hub nodes must be physically / logically configured as Full Mesh All network equipment have redundancy configuration to ensure service stability Failover is ensured by duplication of link between Hub Node and country / Hub Node provides a means of connection to the Global Transit Provider Initial Capacity of each device and hub node device is determined after the traffic estimation at the time of establishment
Thank you lyr@nia.or.kr
Cyclic system for the Implementation of AP-IS
[Example] PPP Model with a Multinational Carrier Vietnam Viettel - A Government owned Public Company Joint Venture Myanmar Mytel - 49% JV established in Jan.2017-95% Coverage in 3 years Joint Venture (Viettel And Lao Asia Telecom Lao PDR Unitel Star Telecom - 2.5 Million Subscribers - 24,000km Fiber Cable - 47% Mobile M/S - 35% of Broadband Internet Investment (90% stake) * Mytel : Myanmar National Tele & Communications Co., Ltd Cambodia Metfone - Largest Backbone Network : 17,200km - AAE-1 investment partner Charge local rates for International calls within Indochina * Cambodia Fiber Optic Cable Network : 7,611km * Telecom Cambodia : 1,600km 2018-08-27 22