AIR POLLUTION: Policy, actions and short term countermeasures to reduce air pollution of Ulaanbaatar city Presented by Mr. Ganbaatar B. Director Department of fuel policy and regulation Ministry of Fuel and Energy, Mongolia 2008-04-10 1
Main polluting sources for ground level air pollution /as a winter time/ 9-40% Pollution from power plants, vehicles and others Particulate Matter (PM), in Ulaanbaatar is estimated to be between 2 times higher in summer and 12 times higher in winter than minimum accepted standards. /WB report / Pollution from ger area district / household stoves, small heat only boilers/ 60-91% 2
Population growth in UB 4% Comparatively higher income Job opportunity 3
Resolutions intending to reduce the air pollution : Ikh Khural Parliament Resolution #46, 2007 Resolution #218 of the Government of Mongolia, 2007 Resolution #14 of the Government of Mongolia, 2008 4
Within those resolutions, it is set to the followings: Improve legal environment for air pollution Expand the supply system of infrastructure of Ulaanbaatar, establish new thermal power plant, introduce electric heater Housing the ger area district Develop the semi coke briquette production, enhance the number of o gas fueled vehicles Improve the petrol s s quality, pave the roads linking central and ger districts Capacity building of air quality offices Coordinate the civil movement to the city Encourage the insulation for gers Allocate more than 50.0 billion tugriks to state budget between 2007 and 2010, for implementing the above mentioned measures to reduce air pollution. 5
Ground level of Ulaanbaatar s s air: Smoke emitted from household stoves and HOB s Option: Production and supply of environmental friendly smokeless fuel, including following: Semi coke briquette Gas 6
Policy for semi coke briquette production in the resolution #14: To intensify the experiments to produce semi coke briquette and to establish semi coke briquette plant built at Thermal power plant-ii II state owned company and To support high quality semi coke briquette production fulfilling the standard s s requirement, to produce legal and economic environment allowing tax exemption and reduction for semi coke production To enhance the supply of semi coke briquette by supporting private participation and competition, To provide residents in ger district area with semi coke briquette from August, 2009
Policy for semi coke briquette production in the resolution #14: To establish sales network for delivering semi coke briquette to the consumers, to acknowledge and educate consumers on benefits or advantages of using semi coke briquette National committee to coordinate, to regulate and to control the activities of government organizations involved to implement the government policy to decrease air pollution. /Minister for fuel and energy/
Some taken steps to develop semi coke briquette: National standard for semi coke briquette /MNS 5680: 2006/ The production of environmental friendly smokeless briquette is included to the Priority given sector s s list of Mongolia The feasibility study of pilot plant to produce semi coke briquette has been conducted by New Energy Development Organization of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan in cooperation with Ministry of Fuel and Energy Experiments to produce CCB were done in Russia, China and Japan. It is proven that high quality CCB can be produced from Mongolian coal through those experiments.
Comparison between coal and semi coke briquette * /technical/ Measured factors Dust emission Semi coke briquette Dust concentration: 0,009009 gr/m3 for 12 hours 6 fold less 0,015 гр/м3 for initial combustion, 3 hours Raw coal /purchased in Ulaanbaatar/ Dust concentration: 0,0606 gr/m3 for 12 hours 0,24 gr/m3 for initial combustion, 3 hours 15 fold high Caloric value More than 4500 ccal/kg and no effects for ordinal stoves Combustion lasts for twice longer time 3000-4500 ccal/kg Combustion lasts short time *Result of experiment conducted by NEDO in Ulaanbaatar on February, 2007
Comparison between coal and semi Compared factors Household consumption per year Price Annual cost for household s fuel consumption coke briquette /economical/ Semi coke briquette Approximately 3 ton Maintain the price lower than raw coal price through the subsidy of government. /proposed price is around 30 000-40000 tugriks/ 3 ton (annual consumption) x 30 000 tugriks (price for a ton of semi coke briquette ) = 90 000 tugriks Raw coal /Purchased in Ulaanbaatar/ Approximately 5 ton Wholesale price /by truck of 5 ton/: 40 000 tugriks/ton or more Retail price /by bag of 20kg/: 83 000 tugriks/ton 5 ton (annual consumption) x 40 000 tugriks (wholesale price) = 200 000 tugriks OR 5 ton (annual consumption) х 80 000 tugriks (retail price) = 400 000 tugriks
Project of semi coke briquette production plant built at current TPP-2 2 state owned company ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Projected capacity: - 200 000 ton/year semi-coke briquette or more Financial source: by State budget of 2008 Construction period /after financing/: 1 year Expected result: supply app 50 percent of need of ger district area Project juncture: - Technology proposals evaluations - International open tender
Project proposals to produce semi coke briquette 1 2 3 Projects Semi coke briquette plant built at current TPP-2 2 state owned company Semi coke briquette plant at Eldev coal mine, MAK Co.,Ltd Semi coke briquette plant at Tugrugnuur coal deposit, Tugrugnuuryn energy Co.,Ltd Annual Capacity ton/year Const uction period /year/ Share for market % 200000 1 50 120000 1 27 65000 1,5 16 4 Other projects 28000 1 7
Once those projects are implemented successfully, total output will w meet sufficiently the demand of ger district households Cooperation with Ulaanbaatar s s government to establish sales network for delivering semi coke briquette to the consumers The price for 1 ton of semi coke briquette would be around 30 000-40000 tugriks. In a real situation, one ton of raw coal costs between 40 000 and d 80 000 tugriks depending on weather in the market. It makes pressure for poorer society taking most part of ger district area. Subsidizing the semi coke briquette production, it allows consumers to buy clean fuel instead of coal without any enforcement to stop raw coal consumption. Moreover, households will cut off the costs for fuel consumption.
Semi coke briquette introduction to consumers: to acknowledge and educate consumers on benefits or advantages of using semi coke briquette From now on, it is recommended the preliminary works to establish sales network for delivering semi coke briquette to the consumers
Another option for semi coke briquette usage: Heat only boilers ------------------------------------------------------------------- Small and medium heat only boilers: Total 1378 in Ulaanbaatar of which: around 400 medium sized HOB s Total coal consumption: over 1 million ton Measures: Experiment to burn semi coke in the HOB s was done successfully Possibility to supply HOB s with semi coke
Prohibition of coal burning in the area of Ikh, baga ring of Ulaanbaatar city Set the zones in accordance with step by step countermeasures against air pollution Prohibit the open burning of garbage, coal burning in ikh, baga ring and apartment area from the second quarter of 2008 Encourage to use electric heater, gas heater and semi coke briquette in restaurants, shops, services and guard spots 17
Vehicle growth 18
Policy for reducing the emission from vehicles in the resolution #14 : Enhance the number of gas fueled vehicles Establish legal environment as a leverage by disallowing movement of vehicles with high emission and setting tax for vehicle according it s s impact to environment and age Develop short and mid term program for public transportation and to control emission from vehicles by mobile testing laboratory 19
Coordination : The Government has established the Government Steering Committee (GSC) headed by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy with representation of main ministries and relevant agencies. National committee is to be committed coordinate, regulate and control the activities of government organizations involved to implement the government policy to decrease air pollution 20
Cooperation: Clean air project (CAP) by the World bank Clean air initiatives by EBRD NEDO semi coke pilot plant project Other potential projects or initiatives by donors, international organizations 21
Thank you for your attention 2008-04 04-10 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 22