Michigan Traffic Crash Facts

Michigan Traffic Crash Facts Michigan Department of State Police

This material was developed through a project funded by the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning and the U.S. Department of Transportation. OHSP is committed to saving lives and reducing injuries on Michigan roads through leadership, innovation, facilitation, and program support in partnership with other public and private organizations.

Michigan Traffic Crash Facts A summary of traffic crashes on Michigan roadways in calendar year Michigantrafficcrashfacts.org Produced by: Michigan Department of State Police Criminal Justice Information Center-Traffic Crash Statistics (517) 241-1699 Michigan.gov/cjic Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning (517) 241-1505 Michigan.gov/ohsp

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Acknowledgements The creation of this book could not have been made possible without the dedication, planning, guidance, and knowledge of the following organizations and departments: Criminal Justice Information Center Fatality Analysis Reporting System Michigan Department of State Police Michigan Department of State Michigan Department of Transportation Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute In addition, we wish to acknowledge the people working in law enforcement and public safety agencies who are responsible for gathering crash data in the field. We rely on their accurate completion of crash reports; without their attention to detail we would be unable to create, maintain, and distribute meaningful crash information. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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FOREWORD Traffic records improvement projects have been ongoing to streamline the process of data collection and processing. Current projects such as the Traffic Crash Reporting System (TCRS) Modernization and the Traffic Records Data Linkage strive to improve the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of data outputs. New technologies, including electronic data collection, additional error checking, quality assurance, and improved crash location data, are continually emerging and improving. By utilizing these technologies as they become available, traffic records quality will continue to improve. Please visit Michigantrafficcrashfacts.org for easy access to crash data from 1992-. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The traffic fatality count was 936, up 5.3 percent from the 2011 figure of 889. Compared with 2011, injuries were down 1.8 percent and total crashes were down 3.6 percent. These figures translated into a fatality rate of 0.99 per 100 million miles of travel, up 5.3 percent from 2011, and below the 10-year average of 1.04 (2003- ). Exposure factors in showed decreases in vehicle miles traveled and vehicle registrations, but an increase in licensed drivers. Vehicle miles traveled were down 0.5 percent to 94.3 billion, motor vehicle registrations decreased 0.3 percent to 8.1 million, and the number of licensed drivers was up 0.4 percent to 7.1 million. Seat belt use in Michigan was observed at 93.6 percent. Alcohol-involved crashes continued to present a problem and contributed to 29.9 percent of all fatal crashes. Crashes involving alcohol made up 3.7 percent of all crashes, and while 26.1 percent of all crashes resulted in injury or death, 57.5 percent of alcohol-related crashes resulted in injury or death. Information compiled in this report was gathered from the Michigan Traffic Crash Report forms (UD-10) submitted by local police departments, sheriff offices, and the Michigan Department of State Police. Other related information was obtained from the Departments of Transportation, State, and Community Health. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute produced this publication with data on file at the Michigan Department of State Police Criminal Justice Information Center as of March 20, 2013. We acknowledge, with appreciation, all involved agencies for their assistance. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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UD-10 (FRONT) Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

UD-10 (BACK) Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MICHIGAN VEHICLE CODE Public Act 300 of 1949 Edited by the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning (OHSP) for discussion purposes. Editorial remarks by OHSP appear in italic print. MCL 257.622, Amended 2003 - The driver of a motor vehicle involved in an accident that injures or kills any person, or that damages property to an apparent extent totaling $1,000.00 or more, shall immediately report that accident at the nearest or most convenient police station, or to the nearest or most convenient police officer. The officer receiving the report, or his or her commanding officer, shall immediately forward each report to the director of the Department of State Police on forms prescribed by the director of the Department of State Police (State of Michigan Traffic Crash Report, also known as the UD-10). The forms shall be completed in full by the investigating officer. The director of the Department of State Police shall analyze each report relative to the cause of the reported accident and shall prepare information compiled from reports filed under this section for public use. A copy of the report under this section... shall be retained for at least three years at the local police department, sheriff's department, or local state police post making the report. (As the repository of the UD-10s submitted by all Michigan law enforcement agencies, the Department of State Police processes all UD-10s received at the Criminal Justice Information Center (CJIC). CJIC retains an electronic copy of UD-10s for 10 years plus the current processing year. Electronic databases containing information from UD-10s prior to this time period are purged.) MCL 257.624, Amended 1980 - (1) A report required by this chapter shall not be available for use in a court action, but a report shall be for the purpose of furnishing statistical information regarding the number and cause of accidents. (2) The Office of Highway Safety Planning (OHSP) may authorize scientific studies and research for the reduction of death, injury, and property losses. All information, records of interviews, written reports, statements, notes, memoranda, or other data collected pursuant to the scientific studies and research conducted by the state, or by other persons, agencies, or organizations authorized by OHSP shall be used solely for the purpose of medical or scientific research and shall not disclose the name or identity of a person unless the person authorizes, in writing, the use of his or her name or identity. If a subject of the research study is deceased, the executor or heir of the deceased person may authorize, in writing, the disclosure of the deceased's name or identity. The furnishing of information to OHSP or to a representative of an authorized study or research project shall not subject a person, hospital, sanitarium, rest home, nursing home, or other person or agency furnishing the information to any action for damages or other relief. The information, records, reports, statements, notes, memoranda, or other data shall not be admissible as evidence in a court or before any other tribunal, board, agency, or person. A person participating in an authorized study or research project shall not disclose, directly or indirectly, the information so obtained except in strict conformity with the research project. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS ATV BAC CDL CJIC CRD DOB All-Terrain Vehicle Bodily Alcohol Content. (Formerly referred to as Blood Alcohol Content or Blood Alcohol Concentration.) Determination of percent by weight of ethyl alcohol in blood. Usually measured in grams per liter or grams per milliliter depending on the test used. Commercial Driver s License. A CDL is required in the United States to operate any type of vehicle with a gross weight of 26,001 lb or over. Criminal Justice Information Center. A division of the Michigan Department of State Police formerly known as the Central Records Division. Child Restraint Device. Also called child safety seat or child car seat. Date of Birth FHWA Federal Highway Administration. A part of the United States Department of Transportation. GDL HBD HNBD KABC MCLS Graduated Driver Licensing. A system used to identify different tiers of drivers. See Michigan Public Act 387 effective April 1, 1997, phasing in teenage driving privileges. Had Been Drinking Had Not Been Drinking Injury severity scale for traffic crash-related injuries: o K - Fatal o A - Incapacitating o B - Non-incapacitating o C - Possible See Glossary for definitions. Michigan Crash Location System MDCH Michigan Department of Community Health (formerly Michigan Department of Public Health.) MDOS Michigan Department of State MDOT Michigan Department of Transportation NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A part of the United States Department of Transportation. OHSP ORV OWI PDO UD-10 Office of Highway Safety Planning. A division of the Michigan Department of State Police. Off-Road Vehicle Operating While Intoxicated. Refers to a person who is driving a vehicle while either under the influence of alcohol, a controlled substance, or both; OR has a BAC of.08 or greater. Property Damage Only. Refers to a traffic crash lacking personal injuries. Form number ascribed to the Michigan Traffic Crash Report form; the official document used to report traffic crashes in Michigan. UMTRI University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute USDOT United States Department of Transportation VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled. The estimated total number of miles traveled annually by motor vehicles on Michigan trafficways. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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GLOSSARY Access Control - Indicates the degree access to an adjoining roadway is controlled by public authority. o o o No access control (unlimited access) Full access control (ramp entry & exit only) Other (partial access control NOTE: Access is controlled by roadway configuration, not traffic control devices such as, No Left Turn signs, etc. Bicycle - A device propelled by human power upon which a person may ride, having either two or three wheels in a tandem or tricycle arrangement, all of which are over 14 inches in diameter. Bicyclist - An operator or passenger riding a bicycle. Bus (Also see School Bus) - Any passenger-carrying vehicle designed to transport 18 or more passengers, including the driver. Crash Date - The date the crash occurred. If the date is unknown, and cannot be reasonably estimated, use the date the crash was discovered by the complainant or the date reported. A valid date is necessary to update records of each involved driver. Crash Rate - The number of crashes per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. Crash Type - A crash is typed by the first injury or damage-producing event, which may or may not be the most serious or significant event. Death Rate - Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. Driver/Operator - The person who is in actual physical control of a vehicle in transit. Driver Condition - Apparent condition of the driver which may have contributed to the crash. Appeared normal; had been drinking; illegal drug use; sick; fatigue; asleep; medication (prescription and over the counter medication); distracted (inside or outside of the unit); using cellular phone; unknown. Drug-Involved Crash - Drug use prior to the crash by a driver, pedestrian, or cyclist as reported by the police, the coroner, or other accepted authorities. Engineer - Engineer (railroad train) Fatal Crash - A fatality is counted when a person dies due to injuries from a traffic crash. Prior to 1979, deaths were counted if they occurred up to one year after the crash; in 1979 this time period was reduced to 90 days. In 1988 this was further reduced to 30 days. Graduated Driver Licensing - Michigan Public Act 387 effective April 1, 1997, phasing in teenage driving privileges. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

GLOSSARY (continued) Had Been Drinking (HBD) Crash - Drinking prior to the crash by a driver, pedestrian, or cyclist as reported by the police, the coroner, or other accepted authorities. Beginning with year 2000 data, the information provided for alcohol contains data for alcohol-related crashes only. This figure DOES NOT include the combined number for alcohol and drug related crashes as has been reported in prior years. Harmful Event - A harmful event is an occurrence of injury or damage. Holiday - Refers to the length of the Holiday weekend period, including the hours of 6:00 PM to midnight of the day preceding the Holiday. Please refer to the table below for the time period connected to Holidays falling on a given day of the week. Time Period Holiday Day From To of Days Sunday 6:00 PM FRI - 23:59 PM MON 3 1/4 Monday 6:00 PM FRI - 23:59 PM MON 3 1/4 Tuesday 6:00 PM FRI - 23:59 PM TUE 4 1/4 Wednesday 6:00 PM TUE - 23:59 PM WED 1 1/4 Thursday 6:00 PM WED - 23:59 PM SUN 4 1/4 Friday 6:00 PM THU - 23:59 PM SUN 3 1/4 Saturday 6:00 PM THU - 23:59 PM SUN 3 1/4 Ignition Interlock - An alcohol concentration measuring device preventing a motor vehicle from being started at any time without first determining through a deep lung sample the operator s breath alcohol level. Michigan Vehicle Code, Sec. 257.625L (6). Injury Codes K (Fatal) - Any injury resulting in death. A (Incapacitating Injury) - Any injury, other than a fatal injury, preventing the injured person from walking, driving or normally continuing the activities the person was capable of performing before the injury occurred. B (Non-Incapacitating Injury) - Any injury not incapacitating but evident to observers at the scene of the crash in which the injury occurred. C (Possible Injury) - Any injury reported or claimed that is not a fatal injury, incapacitating injury or non-incapacitating injury. O (No injury) - Person reported as not receiving bodily harm from the motor vehicle crash. Note: Uninjured passengers are not required to be recorded by the police with the exception of a fatal crash at which point all involved parties must be listed. Injury Crash - Any crash involving an injury other than a fatal injury. In Transport - Denotes the state or condition of a vehicle that is in motion or within the portion of a way ordinarily used by similar vehicles. When applied to motor vehicles, "in transport" means in motion or on a roadway. Inclusions: Motor vehicle in traffic on a highway; driverless motor vehicle in motion; motionless motor vehicle abandoned on a roadway; disabled motor vehicle on a roadway; and others. A parked motor vehicle in roadway lanes used to travel during rush hours and parking during offpeak periods is in transport during periods when parking is forbidden. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

GLOSSARY (continued) Licensed Drivers - All valid Michigan drivers on file, including suspended, revoked, and denied drivers (does not include expired licenses). Location (Crash Location) - Location of a crash is defined by: o The road name on which the crash occurred including prefix, road name, type, and suffix o The distance and direction of the point of impact from a cross road (located within the county of the crash) o The name of the cross road including prefix, road name, type, and suffix Most Severe Outcome in Crash - The most severe injury sustained by any person involved in the crash, or property damage only. Most Severe Outcome in Vehicle - The most severe injury sustained by any person in the vehicle, or property damage only. Motorcyclist - An operator or passenger riding a motored cycle. Motor Vehicle - "Motor vehicle" means every vehicle which is self-propelled and every vehicle which is propelled by electric power obtained from overhead trolley wires, but not operated upon rails. o Standard motor vehicles - Cars, pickups, vans, buses, trucks, motorcycles, etc. o Emergency vehicles - Police, fire, ambulance. o Farm equipment - Farm tractors, combines, etc. o Off Road Vehicles (ORV) - Snowmobiles, mopeds, all-terrain vehicles (ATV), dirt bikes, motorbikes, go-carts, garden tractors, motorized wheelchairs, scooters. o Road maintenance equipment - dump trucks, snowplows, road graders o Construction equipment - Rollers, front-end loaders, scrapers, mobile cranes, etc. Motor Vehicle Crash - A crash involving a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway (in Michigan) resulting in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. Non-collision - A crash not involving a collision with another motor vehicle. Types of non-collision crashes include explosion or fire in vehicle, rollover, immersion, etc. Occupant - Any injured or killed person in or on a motor vehicle, including all drivers. Passenger - Any person in or on a motor vehicle, excluding the driver. Pedestrian - Any person on foot; person on skis, skates or roller blades; rider of horse; horse and buggy (each occupant including the driver will be listed as a separate pedestrian unit); non-motorized wheelchair. Property Damage Only (PDO) Crash - A crash resulting in no fatalities or injuries, with a value of $1,000 as a reporting threshold. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

GLOSSARY (continued) School Bus - Every motor vehicle, except station wagons, with a manufacturers' rated seating capacity of 18 or more passengers, including the driver, owned by a public, private, or governmental agency and operated for the transportation of children to or from school, or privately owned and operated for compensation for the transportation of children to or from school. School bus does not include buses operated by a municipally owned transportation system or by a common passenger carrier certificated by the state transportation department. Traffic Unit - Anything in transit on a public trafficway (i.e., motor vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, pedestrian, snowmobile, farm equipment). Trafficway - Indicates whether or not a trafficway is not physically divided, or is divided with a median strip, with or without a traffic barrier, and whether it serves one-way or two-way traffic. Transition Area - Increase or decrease in the number of travel lanes. Valid Drivers - Excludes non-valid categories such as no license, out-of-state drivers with Michigan violations, deceased, and licenses expired three months prior to Department of State run date. Zero Tolerance - Law that began November 1, 1994, making it illegal for any person in Michigan under the age of 21 to consume alcohol in the presence of a law enforcement officer, or to have a BAC of 0.02 percent or more. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK FACTS & FIGURES Quick Facts... 3 Michigan s Crash Watch... 5 HISTORICAL INFORMATION 10 Year (2003-) Vehicle Registrations... 9 Vehicle Miles Traveled... 9 Crashes... 9 Motor Vehicle Deaths... 10 Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes... 10 Fatal Crashes... 10 HBD Fatalities... 11 HBD Injuries... 11 HBD Fatal Crashes... 11 Restraint Usage... 12 Licensed Drivers... 12 Mileage Death Rate... 12 Crash Rate... 13 Personal Injury Crash Rate... 13 Property Damage Crash Rate... 13 Male vs. Female Drivers in All Crashes... 14 Male vs. Female Drivers in Fatal Crashes... 14 Male vs. Female Drinking Drivers in All Crashes... 14 All Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes... 15 Teen/Young Adult Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes... 15 Elderly Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes... 15 All Drinking Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes... 16 Teen/Young Adult Drinking Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes... 16 Elderly Drinking Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes... 16 Motor Vehicles in All and Fatal Crashes... 17 Motorcycles in All and Fatal Crashes... 17 Pedestrians in All and Fatal Crashes... 17 Bicycles in All and Fatal Crashes... 18 Snowmobiles on Roadway in All and Fatal Crashes... 18 ORV/ATV's on Roadway in All and Fatal Crashes... 18 Vehicle-Train Crashes... 19 Vehicle-Deer Crashes... 19 Farm Equipment Crashes... 19 Death & Injury per Crash-Involved Occupant... 20 Michigan, U.S. and Surrounding States - Mileage Death Rates... 21 Michigan, U.S. and Surrounding States - Fatalities and VMT... 22 Average Age of Drivers in Crashes... 23 5 Year (2008-) Age of Persons Killed,... 25 Age of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes... 26 Age of Drivers Involved in Single Vehicle Fatal Crashes... 26 Age of Bicyclists Killed... 27 Age of Pedestrians Killed... 27 Select Holiday Data... 28 Motor Vehicle Deaths and Mileage by Month... 29 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

AGE 1 Year (2011-) Summary Trends... 31 Cost of Crashes in Michigan... 33 Map of Where Traffic Fatalities Occurred... 34 Years (1961-) Motor Vehicle Traffic Deaths in Michigan by Month... 35 Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash and Related Data... 36 Person s Age and Injury Severity by Person Type... 39 Driver Age 16-20 Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action... 43 Most Harmful Event... 44 Crash Type... 46 Relationship to Roadway... 46 Roadway Type... 46 Time and Severity... 47 Hazardous Action... 47 Day of Week... 48 Driver Gender... 48 of Occupants in Motor Vehicle... 48 Vehicle Type... 49 Driver Age 21-64 Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action... 51 Most Harmful Event... 52 Crash Type... 54 Relationship to Roadway... 54 Roadway Type... 54 Time and Severity... 55 Hazardous Action... 55 Day of Week... 56 Driver Gender... 56 of Occupants in Motor Vehicle... 56 Vehicle Type... 57 Driver Age 65 & Over Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action... 59 Most Harmful Event... 60 Crash Type... 62 Relationship to Roadway... 62 Roadway Type... 62 Time and Severity... 63 Hazardous Action... 63 Day of Week... 64 Driver Gender... 64 of Occupants in Motor Vehicle... 64 Vehicle Type... 65 ALCOHOL Injury Experience for Persons Who Had Been Drinking... 69 Drivers Drinking and/or Using Drugs & Injury Severity in Crash... 71 All Crashes and HBD Crashes by Injury Severity... 72 Death & Injury per Crash Involved Occupant... 73 All Drivers and HBD Drivers Injury Severity - Ejected vs. Not Ejected... 74 All Occupants and Occupants of HBD Crashes Injury Severity - Ejected vs. Not Ejected... 75 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DEER Injury Severity & Restraint Use for Crash Involved KABC Drivers... 76 Injury Severity & Restraint Use for Crash Involved KABC Occupants... 77 Alcohol Involvement in Fatal Crashes... 78 Alcohol Involvement in Injury Crashes... 80 Male Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash... 82 Male Drinking Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash... 83 Female Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash... 84 Female Drinking Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash... 85 Map of Traffic Fatalities with Drinking Involvement by County... 86 Map of County Ranking by HBD Fatal Crash Rate... 87 Map of Michigan Motor Vehicle-Deer Involved Crashes... 91 Light Condition and Time of Day in Motor Vehicle-Deer Crashes... 92 Monthly and Seasonal Rates for Motor Vehicle-Deer Crashes... 93 CRASH - Circumstances common to all traffic units in a crash All Crashes Injury Severity by Month... 97 Crash Experience by Roadway Type... 98 Crash Type... 99 Relationship to Roadway... 99 Time and Severity... 100 Day of Week... 101 Road Condition... 102 Weather Condition... 103 Light Condition... 104 Intersection Crashes by Traffic Control Type... 105 Construction Zone Crashes... 106 VEHICLE/DRIVER - Characteristics specific to individual traffic units Vehicle Type Crash Involvement... 109 Vehicle Types in Crashes by Crash Severity... 110 Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action... 111 Action Prior to Crash - Motorcyclist Action... 112 Action Prior to Crash - Bicyclist Action... 113 Action Prior to Crash - Pedestrian Action... 114 Most Harmful Event... 115 Vehicle Defects in Crash Involvement... 117 Driver Hazardous Action... 117 Michigan Bicycle Crashes... 118 Michigan Pedestrian Crashes... 119 Michigan Snowmobile Crashes... 120 Michigan ORV/ATV Crashes... 122 Snowmobile Driver Hazardous Action... 124 ORV/ATV Driver Hazardous Action... 124 Michigan Farm Equipment Crashes... 125 Michigan Vehicle-Train Crashes... 125 Motorcycle... 125 Driver Gender Information - All Crashes... 126 Person Age: Demographics and Crash Involvements... 127 Crash Rate per Licensed Driver by Age of Driver in All Crashes... 128 Driver Age... 129 Driver Condition... 130 Driver Injury Severity by Restraint, Alcohol, and Drug Use... 130 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

RED-LIGHT-RUNNING CRASHES Section Introduction... 131 Speed Limit... 132 Crash Type... 132 Special Circumstances... 133 Driver Conditions... 133 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS Section Introduction... 134 Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action... 135 Most Harmful Event... 136 Crash Type... 138 Hazardous Action... 138 Relationship to Roadway... 139 Time and Severity... 139 Roadway Type... 139 Day of Week... 140 Driver Gender... 140 of Occupants... 140 Vehicle Type... 141 Hazardous Citation Issued... 142 OCCUPANT/PERSON - Specific information on each driver and injured person in a crash Age & Gender of Occupants Killed & Injured in Motor Vehicle Crashes... 145 Reported Occupant Restraint Usage for All Drivers and Injured Passengers... 146 Motor Vehicle Occupants & Injury Severity by Seating Position and Known Belt Usage... 147 Reported Restraint Use - Children... 148 Motor Vehicle Occupant Injury Severity by Known Airbag Deployment... 150 Age & Gender of Motorcyclists Killed & Injured in Motor Vehicle Crashes... 151 Motorcycle Helmet Use and Injury Severity... 152 Occupant Injury Outcome by Vehicle Type... 153 REFERENCES References and Reporting Agencies... 157 INDEX Index... 161 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

Quick Facts & Figures

QUICK FACTS Some exposure factor comparisons between and 2011 show motor vehicle registrations decreased 0.3 percent, the number of licensed drivers on Michigan roads increased 0.4 percent, and vehicle mileage decreased 0.5 percent. The fatality rate of 0.99 deaths per 100 million miles of travel increased 5.3 percent from the 2011 fatality rate of 0.94, remaining below the 10-year average of 1.04 (2003-). There were 936 persons killed and 70,518 persons injured in 273,891 reported motor vehicle traffic crashes in Michigan during. Compared with the 2011 experience, the number of: deaths increased 5.3 percent, persons injured decreased 1.8 percent, and total reported crashes decreased 3.6 percent. There were 273,891 reported crashes, of which 870 were fatal, 51,685 were personal injury, and 221,336 were property damage only crashes. Of all fatal crashes, 26.1 percent occurred at intersections. Of all fatal crashes, 29.9 percent involved at least one drinking operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian, 22.4 percent involved drinking but no drugs, 6.2 percent involved drugs but no drinking, and 7.5 percent involved both drinking and drugs. Excessive speed was indicated as the hazardous action by 13.2 percent of the drivers involved in fatal crashes. Of the 273,891 total crashes in, 101,599 (37.1%) involved one vehicle only. This is a decrease of 5.4 percent from last year s count of 107,373 single-vehicle crashes. Of the 870 fatal crashes, 447 (51.4%) involved one vehicle. Of the 260 alcohol-related fatal crashes, 182 (70.0%) involved one vehicle. This is the same as last year s figure of 182 single vehicle, alcohol-related fatal crashes. Of the 1,352 drivers involved in fatal crashes, 138 (10.2%) were under 21 years of age and 291 (21.5%) were under 25 years of age. Of the 9,883,360 persons living in Michigan [1] one out of every 10,559 was killed in a traffic crash and one out of every 140 was injured. For each person killed, 75 persons were injured. According to figures provided by the Michigan Department of Community Health [2], accidental death for children in motor vehicle crashes routinely outpaces the next two most frequent causes: fire and drowning. According to the Michigan Department of Community Health, approximately three out of five accidental deaths for teenagers and young adults (ages 15-24) are due to motor vehicle crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 3

The pedestrian death toll for Michigan stands at 133 persons, a decrease of 7 deaths from 2011. For each pedestrian killed, there were 15 pedestrians injured. Of the pedestrians killed, 36.1 percent were killed while crossing streets not at intersections. Of all pedestrians killed, 15.0 percent were under the age of 21 and 5.3 percent were 75 and older. Children under the age of 16 accounted for 5.0 percent of the bicycle deaths. Of the 471,830 drivers and injured passengers involved in crashes, 411,403 or 87.2 percent were reported to have been using occupant restraints. Restraint usage among fatal victims, where usage was known, was reported to be 57.9 percent in. Motor vehicle occupants age 75-110 had the highest reported restraint usage (96.2%) among all age groups. Children age 11-15 had the lowest reported restraint usage (81.0%). The economic loss in Michigan traffic crashes amounted to $8,436,618,800. If costs were spread across the state s population this would translate into a loss of $849.50 per state resident. Note: Information on the cost of crashes was provided by the National Safety Council. 4 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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Historical Information 10-, 5-, and 1-year

10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 8,708,688 VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS 8,578,224 8,464,905 8,353,070 8,409,163 8,187,990 8,145,728 8,101,713 8,131,862 8,104,876 10 YEAR TRENDS Vehicle registrations decreased 6.9 percent over the 10-year period. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED 120 100 80 60 100.2 101.8 103.2 104.0 104.6 100.9 95.9 97.6 94.8 94.3 40 Vehicle miles traveled decreased 5.9 percent over the 10-year period. 20 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 CRASHES 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 391,485 373,028 350,838 315,322 324,174 316,057 290,978 282,075 284,049 273,891 There were 273,891 total crashes statewide in, a 30.0 percent decrease from 2003. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 9

DEATHS 1,600 1,400 1,200 10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) 1,000 800 600 400 1, 283 1, 159 1, 129 1, 084 1,084 980 871 937 889 936 In, 936 people died in motor vehicle crashes, a decrease of 27.0 percent from 2003. 200 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 INJURIES 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 105,555 99,680 90,510 81,942 80,576 74,568 70,931 70,501 71,796 70,518 In, 70,518 people received nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle crashes, down 33.2 percent from 105,555 in 2003. 20,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 FATAL CRASHES 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 1,172 1,055 1,030 1,002 987 915 806 868 834 870 In, there were 870 fatal crashes, down 25.8 percent from 1,172 in 2003. 200 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 10 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

600 500 400 300 HAD-BEEN-DRINKING FATALITIES 10 YEAR TRENDS 200 100 399 364 360 383 345 317 299 283 274 281 Deaths in alcohol-related crashes decreased 29.6 percent over the 10-year period. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HAD-BEEN-DRINKING INJURIES 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 8,815 8,096 7,421 7,068 6,563 5,700 5,678 5,458 5,377 5,475 Mirroring the trend in deaths, had-been-drinking injuries are down 37.9 percent from 2003. In, there were 5,475 injuries in crashes where the operator had been drinking. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HAD-BEEN-DRINKING FATAL CRASHES 500 400 300 200 362 338 317 349 313 297 277 264 253 260 Alcohol involvement in fatal crashes is down 28.2 percent from 2003. In, there were 260 fatal crashes where the operator had been drinking. 100 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 11

100 80 RESTRAINT USAGE IN CRASHES 10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) 60 40 20 87.1 84.9 85.3 85.5 86.0 86.6 86.6 87.3 87.3 87.2 The percentage of motor vehicle occupants using restraints as reported by police in traffic crashes has increased 0.1 percent over the last ten years. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 DRIVERS IN MICHIGAN 8 6 4 2 7.19 7.23 7.22 7.24 7.14 7.09 7.07 7.08 7.04 7.06 There were 7,064,569 licensed drivers on Michigan roadways in, a decrease of 1.8 percent from 2003. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 MILEAGE DEATH RATE 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 The 1.0 death rate in is a 23.1 percent decrease from the 10-year high of 1.3 in 2003. 0.4 0.2 0.0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 12 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

500 400 300 TOTAL CRASH RATE 10 YEAR TRENDS 200 100 390.7 366.4 340.1 303.1 309.8 313.2 303.4 288.9 299.8 290.5 The 10-year total crash rate peaked in 2003 at 390.7 then decreased by 25.6 percent to 290.5 in. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 PERSONAL INJURY CRASH RATE 120 100 80 60 40 76.5 71.8 64.7 57.8 56.9 55.1 54.5 52.9 55.4 54.8 The 54.8 personal injury crash rate in is a 28.4 percent decrease from 2003. 20 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASH RATE 400 300 200 100 313.1 293.5 274.4 244.3 251.9 257.2 248.0 235.1 243.5 234.7 The 234.7 property damage crash rate in is a 25.0 percent decrease from 2003. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 13

DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES Male Female 2003 338,913 252,716 2004 333,606 251,077 2005 309,487 237,343 2006 272,328 216,196 2007 277,353 219,781 2008 267,186 213,223 2009 242,490 199,166 2010 238,048 197,183 2011 240,850 198,488 232,475 192,605 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 2003 2004 10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES 2005 2006 Male Male drivers accounted for 54.7 percent of all drivers in crashes during, down from 57.3 percent in 2003. 2007 2008 2009 Female 2010 2011 DRIVERS IN FATAL CRASHES 2,000 DRIVERS IN FATAL CRASHES Male Female 2003 1,245 578 2004 1,176 475 2005 1,141 452 2006 1,080 416 2007 1,090 417 2008 976 414 2009 840 375 2010 916 374 2011 859 351 936 368 DRINKING DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES 1,500 1,000 500 0 Male drivers made up 71.8 percent of all drivers in fatal crashes in. The 936 male driver count is down 24.8 percent from 2003. 20,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 Male 2007 2008 2009 Female 2010 2011 DRINKING DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES Male Female 2003 11,436 3,203 10,000 2004 11,179 3,242 2005 10,359 3,045 2006 9,454 2,991 2007 9,095 2,928 2008 8,270 2,650 2009 7,881 2,613 2010 7,209 2,584 2011 7,094 2,574 7,250 2,563 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 Male Male drivers have always accounted for the majority of drinking drivers in all crashes. In, males represented 73.9 percent of all drinking drivers. The 7,250 male driver count is down 36.6 percent from 2003. 2007 2008 2009 Female 2010 2011 Note: 7.4 percent of all drivers (33,950), 3.6 percent of drivers in fatal crashes (48), and 0.4 percent of all drinking drivers (40), were coded as unknown gender in, and they are not counted in these tables. 14 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

ALL DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 635,096 1,891 2004 635,913 1,728 2005 592,671 1,682 2006 528,763 1,551 2007 537,228 1,558 2008 518,240 1,447 2009 476,801 1,270 2010 468,968 1,326 2011 473,501 1,267 459,030 1,352 TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 95,011 237 2004 90,247 228 2005 82,017 196 2006 72,957 172 2007 73,210 199 2008 67,982 163 2009 63,069 146 2010 60,721 147 2011 58,279 150 55,307 134 ELDERLY DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 43,967 229 2004 43,146 201 2005 41,140 186 2006 38,899 188 2007 39,656 191 2008 39,388 204 2009 39,357 182 2010 40,096 187 2011 40,495 176 41,047 196 10 600,000 2,250 800,000 3,000 400,000 1,500 200,000 750 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 All Crashes ALL DRIVERS 2008 The number of drivers involved in all crashes decreased 27.7 percent over the 10-year period. The number of drivers involved in fatal crashes decreased 28.5 percent over the 10- year period. Teen/young adult drivers (age 16-20) represented 7.0 percent of the licensed drivers in. The number of teen/young adult drivers in all crashes has decreased by 41.8 percent since 2003. Their involvement in fatal crashes decreased 43.5 percent during the same time period. Elderly drivers (age 65-110) represent 17.8 percent of the licensed drivers in. The number of drivers age 65 and older in all crashes has decreased 6.6 percent since 2003. Their involvement in fatal crashes decreased 14.0 percent during the same time period. 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 180,000 600 150,000 500 120,000 400 90,000 300 60,000 200 30,000 100 0 0 2003 2004 2011 TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRIVERS 2005 2006 All Crashes 2007 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 50,000 625 40,000 500 30,000 375 20,000 250 10,000 125 0 0 2003 2004 2005 ELDERLY DRIVERS 2006 All Crashes 2007 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 2011 YEAR TRENDS Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 15

DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 14,922 325 2004 14,513 316 2005 13,452 294 2006 12,489 323 2007 12,059 278 2008 10,948 271 2009 10,542 252 2010 9,843 237 2011 9,701 226 9,853 242 10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) 25,000 500 20,000 400 15,000 300 10,000 200 5,000 100 0 0 2003 2004 2005 DRINKING DRIVERS 2006 All Crashes 2007 Drinking driver involvement in all crashes decreased by 34.0 percent from 2003. Drinking driver involvement in fatal crashes decreased by 25.5 percent from 2003. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 1,712 32 2004 1,689 27 2005 1,553 28 2006 1,521 31 2007 1,368 28 2008 1,118 34 2009 1,058 22 2010 970 16 2011 935 32 910 19 6,000 225 4,000 150 2,000 75 0 0 2003 TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRINKING DRIVERS 2004 2005 2006 All Crashes 2007 Improving on the trend for all drinking drivers, the number of teen/young adult drinking drivers (age 16-20) in all crashes decreased by 46.8 percent, and their involvement in fatal crashes decreased by 40.6 percent from 2003. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 ELDERLY DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 332 9 2004 330 16 2005 316 5 2006 294 15 2007 266 8 2008 277 9 2009 277 8 2010 282 5 2011 260 7 287 10 600 30 500 25 400 20 300 15 200 10 100 5 0 0 2003 2004 ELDERLY DRINKING DRIVERS 2005 2006 All Crashes 2007 The number of elderly drinking drivers (age 65-110) in all crashes decreased by 13.6 percent from 2003. However their involvement in fatal crashes was the highest since 2006. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 16 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MOTOR VEHICLES All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 635,767 1,892 2004 635,913 1,728 2005 592,671 1,682 2006 528,763 1,551 2007 537,228 1,558 2008 518,240 1,447 2009 476,801 1,270 2010 468,968 1,326 2011 473,501 1,267 459,030 1,352 800,000 4,000 600,000 3,000 400,000 2,000 200,000 1,000 0 0 2003 2004 2005 MOTOR VEHICLES 2006 2007 All Crashes There were 1,352 motor vehicles involved in fatal crashes in, down 28.5 percent from 2003. There has been a 27.8 percent decrease in all crashes. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 10 YEAR TRENDS MOTORCYCLES All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 3,187 81 2004 3,276 81 2005 3,589 121 2006 3,386 120 2007 3,821 127 2008 4,082 127 2009 3,451 105 2010 3,362 125 2011 3,175 113 3,600 132 4,500 150 3,000 100 1,500 50 0 0 2003 2004 2005 MOTORCYCLES 2006 All Crashes 2007 The number of motorcycles involved in fatal crashes has increased 63.0 percent during the 10-year period. There has been a 13.0 percent increase in all crashes involving motorcycles. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 PEDESTRIANS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 2,953 184 2004 2,864 159 2005 2,683 150 2006 2,622 148 2007 2,437 147 2008 2,312 124 2009 2,201 140 2010 2,325 140 2011 2,399 152 2,397 157 5,000 250 4,000 200 3,000 150 2,000 100 1,000 50 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 PEDESTRIANS All Crashes 2007 There were 157 pedestrians involved in fatal crashes in, down 14.7 percent from 2003. There has been a 18.8 percent decrease in pedestrians involved in all crashes. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 17

BICYCLES All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 2,275 33 2004 2,246 21 2005 2,080 27 2006 2,061 32 2007 2,188 18 2008 2,071 25 2009 2,027 21 2010 1,976 33 2011 1,895 24 1,981 21 SNOWMOBILES ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 500 14 2004 375 17 2005 264 4 2006 166 8 2007 217 8 2008 240 15 2009 189 19 2010 156 8 2011 132 6 120 5 10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) 4,000 40 3,000 30 2,000 20 1,000 10 0 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 All Crashes BICYCLES 2007 There were 21 bicycles involved in fatal crashes in, down 36.4 percent from 2003. There was a 12.9 percent decrease in all bicycle-involved crashes in the 10-year period. Snowmobile crashes are down 76.0 percent from 2003. Fatal snowmobile crashes are down 64.3 percent from 2003. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 1,000 25 800 20 600 15 400 10 200 5 0 0 2003 SNOWMOBILES ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS 2004 2005 2006 All Crashes 2007 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 2011 ORV/ATV's ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 2003 316 11 2004 270 13 2005 266 13 2006 267 13 2007 223 7 2008 249 11 2009 251 9 2010 223 18 2011 253 8 275 8 400 24 350 21 300 18 250 15 200 12 150 9 100 6 50 3 0 0 2003 ORV/ATV s ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS 2004 2005 2006 All Crashes 2007 The number of all ORV/ATV-involved crashes has decreased 13.0 percent over the 10-year period. The number of ORV/ATV-involved fatal crashes on Michigan public roadways has ranged between seven and 18 over the 10- year period. 2008 2009 2010 Fatal Crashes 2011 18 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

140 120 100 80 VEHICLE-TRAIN CRASHES 10 YEAR TRENDS 60 40 20 104 89 67 57 61 54 44 37 47 38 There were 38 vehicle-train crashes in, a decrease of 63.5 percent in the 10-year period. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 VEHICLE-DEER CRASHES 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 67,760 62,707 58,741 60,875 61,907 61,010 61,486 55,867 53,592 48,918 20,000 The number of vehicle-deer crashes has decreased 27.8 percent in the 10-year period. 10,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 FARM EQUIPMENT CRASHES 300 250 200 150 100 157 188 153 151 172 191 150 158 165 181 There were 181 farm equipment crashes in, an increase of 15.3 percent from 2003. 50 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 19

10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) DEATH AND INJURY FOR CRASH-INVOLVED OCCUPANTS Death & Injury 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 All Occupants 818,272 803,839 811,174 728,444 695,926 666,897 613,161 599,825 604,142 571,001 C - Injured 66,570 66,155 59,434 53,752 52,888 49,427 46,680 45,972 47,567 46,343 B - Injured 22,449 20,915 19,414 17,423 17,105 15,495 14,911 15,659 15,635 15,458 A - Injured 8,798 8,411 7,714 6,904 6,821 6,091 5,879 5,414 5,142 5,156 K - Killed 1,077 998 966 919 933 841 731 777 725 783 All Occupants 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Note: The all-occupant figure is the number of occupants recorded by the police officers on the UD-10. 20 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MILEAGE DEATH RATES 2003-10 YEAR TRENDS U.S. (NSC) U.S. (NHTSA) Michigan Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota U.S. (NSC*) U.S. (NHTSA*) Michigan Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota 2003 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 2004 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 2005 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 2006 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 2007 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 2008 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 2009 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 2010 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 2011 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 * National Safety Council (NSC) reports traffic and nontraffic deaths within a year of the accident. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports only traffic deaths that occur within 30 days of the accident. U.S. data for this table and tables on the following page were provided by the National Safety Council [3], the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [4], and the Federal Highway Administration [5]. State data for this table and tables on the following page were provided by Ohio [6], Indiana [7], Illinois [8], Wisconsin [9], and Minnesota [10]. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 21

10 YEAR TRENDS MICHIGAN AND SURROUNDING STATES COMPARISON OF FATALITIES AND VMT Year U.S. (NSC) Persons Killed U.S. (NHTSA) Persons Killed Michigan Persons Killed Ohio Persons Killed Indiana Persons Killed Illinois Persons Killed Wisconsin Persons Killed Minnesota Persons Killed 2003 44,757 42,884 1,283 1,278 833 1,454 836 655 2004 44,933 42,836 1,159 1,285 947 1,355 784 567 2005 45,500 43,443 1,129 1,326 938 1,360 801 559 2006 44,700 42,642 1,084 1,239 899 1,254 712 494 2007 43,100 41,059 1,084 1,257 899 1,248 737 510 2008 39,800 37,261 980 1,191 815 1,043 587 455 2009 35,900 33,963 871 1,028 692 911 542 421 2010 34,700 32,885 937 1,081 754 927 562 411 2011 34,600 32,367 889 1,015 749 918 565 368 36,200 33,561 936 1,122 779 956 601 395 Year U.S. (FHWA) VMT Michigan VMT Ohio VMT Indiana VMT Illinois VMT Wisconsin VMT Minnesota VMT 2003 2,890 100.2 109.9 74.4 106.5 59.6 55.4 2004 2,962 101.8 112.4 74.5 108.9 60.5 56.5 2005 2,990 103.2 111.5 74.3 107.9 60.0 56.5 2006 2,995 104.0 112.1 74.2 106.8 59.4 56.6 2007 2,996 104.6 111.1 74.1 107.4 59.5 57.4 2008 2,929 100.9 108.3 68.0 105.6 57.5 57.3 2009 2,935 95.9 110.8 68.8 105.7 58.2 56.9 2010 2,967 97.6 113.5 72.9 105.7 59.4 56.8 2011 2,946 94.8 111.7 77.5 103.4 58.6 56.7 2,954 94.3 111.5 76.0 104.5 59.1 57.0 VMT described in billions of miles 22 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

10 YEAR TRENDS AVERAGE AGE OF DRIVERS IN CRASHES 2003-60 Age of Drivers 40 20 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 All Crashes HBD Crashes Fatal Crashes HBD Fatal Crashes Reflecting the demographic trend of increasing age in the general population, the average age of drivers involved in all crashes and fatal crashes has increased over the 10-year period. The average age of drivers in HBD crashes has remained flat. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 23

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STATEWIDE TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES 5 YEAR TRENDS Revised July 21, 2014 TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES 2008 2009 2010 2011 Age of Persons Killed, Under 1 year old 1 1 3 0 3 1-3 years 7 6 5 4 7 4-10 years 15 13 11 9 12 11-15 years 20 15 20 14 17 16-20 years 116 110 100 109 95 21-24 years 80 59 83 103 117 25-34 years 133 140 140 129 157 35-44 years 137 114 116 106 112 45-54 years 158 151 168 149 123 55-64 years 125 93 114 106 127 65-74 years 75 54 65 68 83 75 years and over 113 114 112 92 83 Unknown 0 1 0 0 0 s 980 871 937 889 936 200 Age of Persons Killed, of Persons 150 100 50 0 Under 1 year old 1-3 years 4-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years 21-24 years 25-34 years 35-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years 65-74 years 75 years and over Unknown 2008 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 25

5 YEAR TRENDS STATEWIDE TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES (continued) TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES 2008 2009 2010 2011 Age of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes 13 years and under 1 0 3 0 1 14 years 0 1 2 0 1 15 years 3 4 4 4 2 16 years 19 15 15 21 17 17 years 28 26 27 19 20 18 years 45 33 38 32 34 19 years 38 43 35 39 33 20 years 33 29 32 39 30 21-24 years 126 92 109 139 153 25-34 years 236 223 216 211 225 35-44 years 246 203 213 182 197 45-54 years 245 223 232 199 228 55-64 years 162 138 175 146 186 65-69 years 45 54 54 49 64 70-74 years 48 20 37 39 49 75-79 years 46 45 27 29 27 80-84 years 36 39 32 29 32 85-89 years 19 18 28 19 13 90 years and over 10 6 9 11 11 Unknown 61 58 38 60 49 s 1,447 1,270 1,326 1,267 1,352 Age of Drivers Involved in Single Vehicle Fatal Crashes 13 years and under 0 0 2 0 0 14 years 0 0 1 0 0 15 years 1 1 2 2 2 16 years 5 10 4 9 7 17 years 8 7 13 7 6 18 years 17 15 14 14 15 19 years 14 11 15 16 12 20 years 11 10 13 15 10 21-24 years 52 40 45 73 73 25-34 years 76 82 80 77 84 35-44 years 75 57 69 56 63 45-54 years 73 78 75 67 63 55-64 years 66 33 55 49 51 65-69 years 14 14 24 14 20 70-74 years 13 6 10 16 13 75-79 years 9 12 10 8 11 80-84 years 12 12 6 9 8 85-89 years 4 5 8 7 3 90 years and over 1 1 3 1 2 Unknown 20 15 15 18 15 s 471 409 464 458 458 26 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

STATEWIDE TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES (continued) TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES 2008 2009 2010 2011 Age of Bicyclists Killed Under 1 year old 0 0 0 0 0 1-3 years 0 0 0 0 0 4-10 years 0 0 3 0 1 11-15 years 2 3 3 2 0 16-20 years 2 2 2 1 2 21-24 years 2 1 1 2 3 25-34 years 5 1 2 1 0 35-44 years 1 2 3 2 1 45-54 years 7 3 9 11 6 55-64 years 5 1 2 3 5 65-74 years 1 4 3 1 0 75 years and over 0 2 1 1 2 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 s 25 19 29 24 20 Age of Pedestrians Killed Revised October 16, 2013 5 YEAR TRENDS Under 1 year old 0 0 0 0 1 1-3 years 3 3 1 2 2 4-10 years 2 2 1 2 2 11-15 years 5 0 3 1 7 16-20 years 8 11 9 17 8 21-24 years 6 5 8 9 4 25-34 years 14 15 20 16 17 35-44 years 16 25 16 17 15 45-54 years 25 31 30 32 24 55-64 years 13 14 17 24 26 65-74 years 11 6 10 7 10 75 years and over 11 8 16 13 7 Unknown 0 1 0 0 0 s 114 121 131 140 133 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 27

5 YEAR TRENDS FATAL CRASHES AND PERSONS KILLED FOR SELECT HOLIDAY PERIODS IN MICHIGAN HOLIDAY PERIOD Fatal Crashes Persons Killed SUMMARY Memorial Day (3) MON 9 [3] 10 [3] 2011 (3) MON 7 [3] 9 [5] 2010 (3) MON 14 [4] 15 [4] 2009 (3) MON 10 [6] 11 [7] 2008 (3) MON 11 [2] 11 [2] This table shows traffic death tolls in Michigan for Fourth of July (1) WED 4 [1] 4 [1] 2011 (3) MON 8 [4] 8 [4] 2010 (3) SUN 8 [2] 8 [2] 2009 (3) SAT 1 [1] 1 [1] 2008 (3) FRI 14 [5] 14 [5] Labor Day (3) MON 8 [4] 8 [4] 2011 (3) MON 11 [4] 12 [4] 2010 (3) MON 17 [8] 21 [12] 2009 (3) MON 15 [5] 16 [5] 2008 (3) MON 12 [4] 12 [4] Thanksgiving (4) THU 9 [4] 9 [4] 2011 (4) THU 7 [0] 7 [0] 2010 (4) THU 9 [3] 10 [4] 2009 (4) THU 10 [0] 11 [0] 2008 (4) THU 9 [7] 13 [10] Christmas (4) TUES 7 [6] 9 [6] 2011 (3) SUN 8 [4] 8 [4] 2010 (3) SAT 6 [4] 6 [4] 2009 (3) FRI 3 [3] 3 [3] 2008 (4) THU 11 [2] 14 [2] New Years (4) TUES 13 [6] 15 [6] 2011 (3) SUN 13 [5] 14 [5] 2010 (3) SAT 5 [1] 5 [1] 2009 (3) FRI 7 [4] 8 [4] 2008 (4) THU 15 [6] 15 [6] the past five years for the major holiday periods as defined by the National Safety Council. Based on the total experience, deaths averaged 2.56 per day. Alcohol-related deaths averaged 0.77 per day. Based on the holiday period experience, deaths averaged 2.89 per day. Alcohol-related deaths averaged 1.26 per day. Figures in parentheses in the 1 st column show number of full days in each holiday period. Fatal crashes and deaths are for these days plus six hours of the preceding day. Figures in brackets in the 2 nd and 3 rd columns show the number of alcohol-related fatal crashes and deaths. Please view the glossary for an explanation of holiday periods. 28 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS AND MILEAGE BY MONTH 5 YEAR TRENDS TRAFFIC DEATHS PERCENTAGES Month 2008 2009 2010 2011 Percent Deaths Percent Miles Driven January 73 71 64 68 54 5.8 7.36 February 57 48 55 51 67 7.2 7.59 March 63 62 59 66 81 8.7 7.75 April 66 52 63 55 62 6.6 8.01 May 88 66 82 67 75 8.0 8.54 June 85 88 81 68 100 10.7 8.86 July 101 91 101 80 95 10.1 9.34 August 100 81 98 105 90 9.6 9.33 September 92 96 84 79 86 9.2 8.82 October 84 91 99 100 87 9.3 8.54 November 106 61 79 70 68 7.3 8.18 December 65 64 72 80 71 7.6 7.67 s 980 871 937 889 936 100.0 100.00 12 10 Percent Deaths & Percent Miles Driven Percent 8 6 4 2 0 January February March April May June July August September October November December Percent Deaths Percent Miles Driven The chart above shows that the percent deaths were higher for the months of March, June, July, and October than for the other months when compared to the percent miles driven. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 29

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STATEWIDE 2011 - SUMMARY TRENDS Michigan experienced a 5.3 percent increase in traffic fatalities, a 1.8 percent decrease in injuries and a 3.6 percent decrease in crashes. Deaths among vehicle occupants (drivers and passengers only) increased 6.6 percent. Persons sustaining "A" level injuries (the most serious) decreased 0.5 percent. 1 YEAR TRENDS 2011 % CHANGE NUMBER OF CRASHES Fatal Crashes... 834 870 4.3 Personal Injury Crashes... 52,487 51,685-1.5 Property Damage Crashes... 230,728 221,336-4.1 284,049 273,891-3.6 ALCOHOL-INVOLVED CRASHES Fatal Crashes... 253 260 2.8 Personal Injury Crashes... 3,829 3,981 4.0 Property Damage Crashes... 5,763 5,773 0.2 9,845 10,014 1.7 FATAL CRASHES Had Been Drinking (HBD)... 253 (30.3%) 260 (29.9%) 2.8 Had Not Been Drinking / Not Known If Drinking 581 (69.7%) 610 (70.1%) 5.0 PERSONS IN CRASHES Killed... 889 936 5.3 Injured... 71,796 70,518-1.8 Not Injured... 435,087 426,120-2.1 Unknown Injury... 43,625 38,824-11.0 551,397 536,398-2.7 PERSONS IN ALCOHOL-INVOLVED CRASHES Killed... 274 281 2.6 Injured... 5,377 5,475 1.8 Not Injured... 11,296 11,588 2.6 Unknown Injury... 1,393 1,386-0.5 18,340 18,730 2.1 PERSONS INJURED BY GENDER Male... 32,951 32,602-1.1 Female... 38,509 37,780-1.9 Unknown Gender... 336 136-59.5 71,796 70,518-1.8 PERSONS INJURED BY SEVERITY "A" Injury... 5,706 5,676-0.5 "B" Injury... 16,925 16,764-1.0 "C" Injury... 49,165 48,078-2.2 71,796 70,518-1.8 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 31

1 YEAR TRENDS STATEWIDE 2011 - SUMMARY TRENDS (continued) 2011 % CHANGE PERSONS KILLED BY GENDER Male... 627 656 4.6 Female... 262 280 6.9 889 936 5.3 PERSONS KILLED Driver... 435 483 11.0 Passenger... 157 148-5.7 Pedestrian... 140 133-5.0 Bicyclist... 24 20-16.7 Motorcyclist... 109 129 18.3 Farm Equipment... 1 0-100.0 Train Engineer... 0 0 0.0 Snowmobile... 6 5-16.7 ORV/ATV... 8 8 0.0 Other/Unknown... 9 10 11.1 889 936 5.3 BELT RESTRAINT USE BY DRIVER Reported Restrained - Killed... 246 254 3.3 Reported Not Restrained - Killed... 145 174 20.0 Reported Restrained - Injured... 43,347 43,086-0.6 Reported Not Restrained - Injured... 1,801 1,760-2.3 BELT RESTRAINT USE BY INJURED PASSENGER Reported Restrained - Killed... 76 67-11.8 Reported Not Restrained - Killed... 56 59 5.4 Reported Restrained - Injured... 14,430 14,253-1.2 Reported Not Restrained - Injured... 1,734 1,643-5.2 DRIVER AGE 16-20 INVOLVED Fatal Crashes... 142 130-8.5 Personal Injury Crashes... 11,867 11,415-3.8 Property Damage Crashes... 42,260 40,071-5.2 All Crashes 54,269 51,616-4.9 Persons Killed... 157 142-9.6 Persons Injured... 17,446 16,576-5.0 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER INVOLVED Fatal Crashes... 167 186 11.4 Personal Injury Crashes... 8,326 8,272-0.6 Property Damage Crashes... 29,982 30,382 1.3 All Crashes 38,475 38,840 0.9 Persons Killed... 177 199 12.4 Persons Injured... 11,873 11,969 0.8 32 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MORE MICHIGAN CRASH FACTS 1 YEAR TRENDS CRASH FACTS 2011 % Change Licensed Drivers 7,037,876 7,064,569 0.4 Registered Vehicles in Michigan 8,131,862 8,104,876-0.3 Michigan Population 9,876,187 9,823,360-0.5 Drivers Involved in Crashes 473,501 459,030-3.1 Occupants Involved in Crashes 795,292 582,210-26.8 Estimated MV Mileage Traveled (thousands) 94,754,135 94,289,589-0.5 Death Rate Per 100 Million Vehicle Miles 0.9 1.0 11.1 Fatal Crash Rate Per 100 Million Veh Miles 0.9 0.9 0.0 COST OF CRASHES IN MICHIGAN The cost estimate for Michigan crashes in is $ 8,436,618,800. This estimate is based on the National Safety Council s cost estimating procedures. Average comprehensive costs are based on the following figures: Comprehensive Costs, Death... $4,538,000 Incapacitating injury... $230,000 Nonincapacitating evident injury... $58,700 Possible injury... $28,000 No injury... $2,500 These cost estimates are not intended for comparisons to previous years. Deaths and injuries are calculated by number of persons. No injury is calculated per crash. Note: Information on the cost of crashes was provided by the National Safety Council. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 33

1 YEAR TRENDS HOUGHTON 1/3 WHERE TRAFFIC FATALITIES OCCURRED 1/2 KEWEENAW GOGEBIC 1/0 ONTONAGON 2/2 IRON 1/3 BARAGA 0/2 MARQUETTE 8/7 DICKINSON 4/3 ALGER 2/1 DELTA 2/7 SCHOOLCRAFT 0/2 LUCE 1/2 MACKINAC 1/2 CHIPPEWA 3/4 3/1 MENOMINEE Where Traffic Fatalities Occurred A One-Year Comparison Where ities = 936 / 2011 = 889 2010 936 2009 889 Same or decrease Increase MASON 4/7 3/3 LEELANAU BENZIE 4/1 MANISTEE 3/3 LAKE 2/0 OCEANA 3/0 NEWAYGO 10/9 15/23 MUSKEGON OTTAWA 18/14 ALLEGAN 14/15 GRAND TRAVERSE 12/13 WEXFORD 6/8 OSCEOLA 3/3 MECOSTA 9/6 EMMET 1/4 CHEBOYGAN 1/4 CHARLEVOIX 1/2 ANTRIM 6/1 KALKASKA 4/5 MISSAUKEE 1/0 MONTCALM 15/6 KENT 46/40 IONIA 11/8 BARRY 9/10 CLARE 5/6 ISABELLA 6/9 EATON 12/9 OTSEGO 3/3 CRAWFORD 1/2 ROS- COMMON 3/1 GRATIOT 3/8 CLINTON 10/5 GLADWIN 2/2 MIDLAND 7/12 INGHAM 20/26 1/0 PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY 1/1 OSCODA 0/2 OGEMAW 1/4 ARENAC 3/2 BAY 20/15 SAGINAW 24/22 SHIA- WASSEE 7/6 ALPENA 0/3 ALCONA 1/0 IOSCO 7/3 GENESEE 35/43 LIVINGSTON 17/17 TUSCOLA 14/1 LAPEER 5/13 OAKLAND 57/67 HURON 2/5 SANILAC 2/5 ST. CLAIR 23/16 MACOMB 53/48 VAN BUREN 15/10 KALAMAZOO 29/26 CALHOUN 12/13 JACKSON 18/14 WASHTENAW 23/35 WAYNE 156/130 CASS 17/22 14/7 BERRIEN ST. JOSEPH 7/7 BRANCH 8/4 HILLSDALE 11/3 LENAWEE 18/9 MONROE 32/27 34 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC DEATHS IN MICHIGAN BY MONTH Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1961 105 99 113 138 133 114 141 166 128 139 148 143 1,567 1962 94 70 115 110 123 147 166 175 170 172 118 114 1,574 1963 107 95 124 142 148 173 188 177 163 179 196 195 1,887 1964 170 159 158 144 164 167 217 197 177 199 177 193 2,122 1965 153 113 135 143 156 181 211 220 193 214 172 245 2,136 1966 147 156 179 151 207 204 212 206 203 220 205 208 2,298 1967 130 105 141 162 187 140 210 189 223 230 216 204 2,137 1968 130 147 164 150 240 214 208 233 209 248 283 166 2,392 1969 137 158 173 169 239 236 218 254 230 236 219 218 2,487 1970 167 143 160 141 214 205 197 204 213 217 178 138 2,177 1971 137 124 155 144 187 212 222 227 155 209 202 178 2,152 1972 156 161 155 150 204 209 225 210 225 219 174 170 2,258 1973 187 156 173 140 180 230 225 201 204 209 171 137 2,213 1974 111 112 107 116 144 197 189 178 200 195 201 125 1,875 1975 120 97 112 93 149 169 195 203 190 162 161 160 1,811 1976 118 102 134 150 163 169 196 227 189 171 174 162 1,955 1977 126 87 122 143 184 179 223 194 164 189 181 158 1,950 1978 98 104 128 177 178 203 206 229 214 199 183 157 2,076 1979 102 103 129 152 146 155 190 171 174 187 171 169 1,849 1980 117 131 109 116 153 170 142 183 192 152 133 176 1,774 1981 99 100 108 116 116 155 159 171 149 155 113 148 1,589 1982 98 79 93 91 114 121 154 153 128 144 131 111 1,417 1983 113 94 83 91 91 127 121 117 131 153 115 95 1,331 1984 93 84 104 94 125 143 175 174 135 153 134 142 1,556 1985 108 91 77 133 137 167 146 136 131 135 161 147 1,569 1986 86 77 103 127 131 175 186 176 131 144 159 137 1,632 1987 91 104 99 106 138 165 151 176 149 164 161 128 1,632 1988 129 107 103 104 145 152 175 158 178 159 127 167 1,704 1989 138 102 94 96 123 156 156 177 155 146 123 164 1,630 1990 99 84 122 94 135 151 165 170 141 147 130 125 1,563 1991 103 79 115 106 129 145 130 141 125 129 104 119 1,425 1992 83 81 83 86 100 122 134 119 123 129 120 120 1,300 1993 123 91 89 72 127 103 149 140 131 146 134 109 1,414 1994 106 86 82 116 111 123 126 143 132 133 123 138 1,419 1995 122 90 109 111 118 141 127 159 157 134 136 133 1,537 1996 131 98 103 98 128 135 146 121 138 135 136 136 1,505 1997 102 106 85 80 128 140 166 130 128 134 125 122 1,446 1998 116 71 97 91 113 120 133 116 123 126 117 144 1,367 1999 76 84 92 98 125 116 128 160 128 129 130 120 1,386 2000 121 83 70 107 114 136 135 133 135 124 118 106 1,382 2001 79 99 102 83 106 113 143 131 143 120 109 100 1,328 2002 105 101 81 93 112 115 137 110 96 117 102 110 1,279 2003 97 80 88 100 84 96 132 127 111 122 130 116 1,283 2004 81 68 63 81 97 106 117 123 116 81 122 104 1,159 2005 73 77 68 77 105 95 130 96 102 112 110 84 1,129 2006 79 67 72 82 82 101 82 115 90 128 105 81 1,084 2007 69 70 81 67 92 96 104 117 111 88 98 91 1,084 2008 72 57 63 66 88 85 101 100 92 84 106 65 980 2009 71 48 62 52 66 88 91 81 96 91 61 64 871 2010 64 55 59 63 82 81 101 98 84 99 79 72 937 2011 68 51 66 55 67 68 80 105 79 100 70 80 889 54 67 81 62 75 100 95 90 86 87 68 71 936 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 35

MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH AND RELATED DATA Revised October 14, 2014 of Estimated Motor Vehicle Death Rate Year Deaths Persons Crashes Mileage Registrations Per 100 million Injured (Millions) miles of travel 1961 1,567 93,350 199,973 32,101.5 3,395,736 4.9 1962 1,574 108,143 233,078 34,498.0 3,498,758 4.6 1963 1,887 126,896 261,794 36,452.2 3,646,080 5.2 1964 2,122 144,623 284,444 38,617.6 3,860,791 5.5 1965 2,136 155,258 310,598 40,857.4 4,066,826 5.2 1966 2,298 156,694 302,880 43,940.1 4,133,199 5.2 1967 2,137 151,297 299,004 45,053.6 4,161,573 4.7 1968 2,392 160,413 305,495 48,047.4 4,327,885 5.0 1969 2,487 175,400 331,223 50,904.9 4,560,097 4.9 1970 2,177 161,719 313,715 53,148.1 4,683,919 4.1 1971 2,152 157,664 314,015 55,539.7 4,835,146 3.9 1972 2,258 178,929 359,745 57,817.1 5,160,985 3.9 1973 2,213 169,485 350,864 58,478.4 5,442,233 3.8 1974 1,875 141,132 324,763 55,748.7 5,652,406 3.4 1975 1,811 147,299 333,560 56,260.5 5,744,441 3.2 1976 1,955 162,894 365,600 61,638.0 5,861,908 3.2 1977 1,950 166,389 374,751 64,853.0 6,138,732 3.0 1978 2,076 169,202 389,193 67,380.0 6,436,365 3.1 1979 1,849 162,571 366,435 64,882.3 6,536,246 2.8 1980 1,774 144,972 314,594 61,190.1 6,570,735 2.9 1981 1,589 136,455 302,831 62,000.0 6,140,286 2.6 1982 1,417 130,061 294,971 61,321.0 6,400,942 2.3 1983 1,331 135,811 300,797 63,560.1 6,443,499 2.1 1984 1,556 150,740 335,193 65,727.0 6,509,192 2.4 1985 1,569 157,417 386,904 68,413.0 6,857,364 2.3 1986 1,632 158,032 400,694 70,622.0 6,952,263 2.3 1987 1,632 156,318 397,224 75,715.0 7,061,339 2.2 1988 1,704 155,713 410,437 77,700.0 7,196,609 2.2 1989 1,630 154,537 417,252 79,900.0 7,233,823 2.0 1990 1,563 145,179 387,180 81,200.0 7,300,853 1.9 1991 1,425 135,830 364,847 81,900.0 7,329,789 1.7 1992 1,300 118,727 344,942 84,000.0 7,411,192 1.5 1993 1,414 134,548 363,636 85,700.0 7,495,904 1.6 1994 1,419 142,200 398,050 85,600.0 7,669,022 1.7 1995 1,537 146,303 421,073 85,699.6 7,751,336 1.8 1996 1,505 142,553 435,477 87,700.0 8,106,972 1.7 1997 1,446 137,548 425,793 89,232.0 8,115,921 1.6 1998 1,367 131,578 403,766 91,616.0 8,227,016 1.5 1999 1,386 124,601 415,675 93,060.3 8,407,868 1.5 2000 1,382 121,826 424,852 94,915.1 8,569,124 1.5 2001 1,328 112,294 400,813 96,428.1 8,603,195 1.4 2002 1,279 112,484 395,515 98,173.2 8,690,326 1.3 2003 1,283 105,555 391,485 100,192.0 8,708,688 1.3 2004 1,159 99,680 373,028 101,820.2 8,578,224 1.1 2005 1,129 90,510 350,838 103,158.6 8,464,905 1.1 2006 1,084 81,942 315,322 104,041.7 8,353,070 1.0 2007 1,084 80,576 324,174 104,643.8 8,409,163 1.0 2008 980 74,568 316,057 100,916.7 8,187,990 1.0 2009 871 70,931 290,978 095,910.1 8,145,728 0.9 2010 937 70,501 282,075 097,638.7 8,101,713 1.0 2011 889 71,796 284,049 94,754.1 8,131,862 0.9 936 70,518 273,891 94,289.6 8,104,876 1.0 Excludes trailers and trailer coaches, and includes mopeds 36 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

Age

AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Age Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured 0 165 0 5 190 2 187 1 0 1 133 0 99 125 1 93 1 22 0 0 174 0 174 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 5 2 0 0 0 148 2 146 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 7 3 0 0 0 194 3 191 0 0 0 1 0 1 11 0 11 4 1 0 0 221 2 219 0 0 0 5 1 3 10 0 9 5 0 0 0 253 1 252 0 0 0 2 0 2 18 1 15 6 1 0 1 246 2 244 1 0 1 9 0 8 20 1 19 7 5 0 2 284 0 284 2 0 2 8 0 7 17 0 17 8 4 0 3 265 3 261 2 0 2 14 0 10 15 0 13 9 3 0 2 282 1 281 3 0 1 32 0 29 26 0 22 10 5 0 2 315 0 314 3 0 3 29 0 21 26 0 25 11 13 0 5 313 3 310 3 0 3 24 0 19 28 0 24 12 23 0 14 322 0 322 5 0 5 51 0 40 39 1 32 13 49 0 22 306 1 304 6 0 5 47 0 37 38 1 31 14 131 0 32 386 1 385 6 0 6 51 0 46 62 2 52 15 507 2 92 508 3 505 6 0 6 74 0 64 53 3 47 16 7,367 8 762 585 5 580 9 0 8 51 0 39 62 0 58 17 10,192 5 1,084 700 5 695 17 1 13 61 1 48 63 0 54 18 12,398 14 1,486 621 7 611 38 0 27 60 0 51 70 1 60 19 12,640 14 1,560 632 7 622 43 2 32 65 1 57 69 4 59 20 12,710 13 1,494 531 7 523 102 1 76 77 0 63 72 3 63 21 12,508 23 1,601 504 9 492 90 1 75 48 1 40 80 2 67 22 12,171 23 1,468 498 4 494 121 6 97 43 0 38 48 2 40 23 10,880 19 1,363 398 4 393 90 2 75 35 1 32 59 3 53 24 9,830 15 1,218 330 3 327 89 2 68 59 1 48 43 7 33 25 9,230 10 1,093 324 3 320 93 2 67 43 0 36 52 4 42 26 8,712 14 1,076 282 5 275 83 7 63 37 0 32 27 0 26 27 8,449 13 996 285 4 281 76 2 62 28 0 25 33 2 29 28 7,824 10 943 207 1 206 61 3 43 27 0 19 34 3 27 29 7,668 15 918 229 1 228 65 1 52 25 0 23 28 1 24 30 7,745 9 932 212 1 209 76 5 57 22 0 20 35 3 30 31 7,594 10 936 188 2 185 69 3 53 20 0 18 29 1 24 32 7,461 10 841 201 3 198 64 5 44 21 0 20 20 0 20 Driver age is calculated from birth date, and invalid date of birth entry errors result in age "0" drivers. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 39

AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE (continued) Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Age Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured 33 7,057 12 819 152 2 149 62 5 45 10 0 9 27 1 25 34 6,902 11 822 154 4 149 51 3 33 15 0 12 18 2 14 35 6,790 8 742 160 2 156 63 0 48 17 0 15 28 1 22 36 6,584 7 729 168 2 166 59 4 46 16 0 14 20 3 14 37 6,767 9 764 127 0 127 53 1 40 15 0 13 24 1 19 38 6,575 10 715 122 0 122 48 2 37 16 0 14 14 0 12 39 6,862 7 789 131 1 129 69 5 45 12 1 9 23 1 17 40 7,226 7 759 154 1 153 61 1 42 24 0 21 31 0 27 41 7,707 7 859 176 0 175 80 4 54 18 0 18 20 3 17 42 7,493 9 867 143 1 142 79 2 59 17 0 14 21 4 15 43 7,416 13 844 168 2 166 87 6 62 24 0 19 32 2 28 44 7,259 9 850 170 1 167 82 1 67 16 0 12 32 0 26 45 7,056 8 802 148 1 146 86 2 63 14 1 10 26 0 21 46 7,157 7 790 164 1 163 90 2 72 20 1 19 38 3 30 47 7,541 5 885 190 2 188 100 1 73 30 0 24 33 1 28 48 7,646 7 868 162 1 160 93 3 65 22 0 16 32 3 27 49 7,630 6 818 161 3 158 95 2 72 26 0 22 29 5 20 50 7,281 9 839 170 3 167 81 2 68 27 0 22 37 3 33 51 7,325 9 902 166 0 166 80 0 60 24 2 21 33 4 24 52 7,037 13 857 171 0 171 83 5 55 35 1 29 34 2 28 53 7,097 7 834 149 1 148 82 2 58 27 1 21 41 3 33 54 7,011 8 824 144 2 141 95 4 71 15 0 15 29 0 23 55 6,889 7 840 154 0 152 88 1 73 24 0 21 25 3 18 56 6,364 11 772 150 1 149 91 2 70 31 1 27 30 2 26 57 6,210 8 703 139 1 138 72 1 47 25 1 21 24 3 20 58 5,894 16 730 133 0 133 80 6 61 22 0 18 22 1 17 59 5,575 6 662 136 2 134 71 1 56 15 0 12 27 5 19 60 5,415 6 640 138 3 135 75 1 64 8 0 6 17 2 12 61 4,987 10 627 96 0 96 74 5 49 17 0 14 19 3 16 62 4,509 4 600 156 1 155 64 2 39 12 1 11 19 1 15 63 4,360 6 490 114 3 111 50 1 37 6 0 6 15 2 12 64 4,199 10 508 117 1 116 48 3 31 5 2 3 13 4 6 65 4,086 10 464 102 0 102 51 1 38 11 0 11 19 3 14 40 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE (continued) Age Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured 66 3,089 11 356 96 2 94 25 1 21 9 0 7 14 0 11 67 2,879 3 331 88 0 88 24 0 21 10 0 7 12 1 10 68 2,851 9 376 90 3 87 15 0 10 10 0 8 10 0 10 69 2,860 5 336 95 2 93 22 0 17 6 0 6 10 1 8 70 2,511 5 299 72 2 70 14 0 12 8 0 7 8 1 7 71 2,167 6 259 68 1 67 10 1 5 5 0 5 11 0 9 72 1,938 3 228 69 2 67 9 0 6 3 0 3 17 3 14 73 1,818 4 225 65 0 65 11 1 7 5 0 4 6 1 4 74 1,753 5 204 66 0 66 9 1 6 2 0 1 6 0 4 75 1,563 3 188 55 0 55 4 0 2 4 0 3 7 2 5 76 1,491 3 186 55 1 54 5 1 3 5 0 4 3 0 3 77 1,474 4 183 54 0 54 2 0 1 2 0 2 6 0 4 78 1,225 1 156 55 0 55 2 0 2 3 1 2 5 0 2 79 1,116 7 145 46 0 46 1 0 1 2 0 2 7 0 7 80 1,139 7 158 41 1 40 2 0 2 1 0 1 6 0 6 81 1,026 5 144 51 1 50 0 0 0 1 0 1 6 3 3 82 1,027 6 138 39 1 38 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 83 860 5 128 44 1 43 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 84 838 2 113 39 1 38 0 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 2 85 728 1 98 28 1 27 2 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 2 86 579 3 96 29 0 29 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 87 476 4 68 19 0 19 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 88 427 0 62 29 2 27 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 89 323 0 46 21 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 90 250 3 42 16 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 91 192 4 32 17 1 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 114 0 14 11 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 93 88 1 13 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 71 1 15 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 28 0 5 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 96 22 0 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 97 9 0 1 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 98 2 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 41

AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE (continued) Age Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured 99 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 103 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 109 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 39,854 0 77 63 0 55 120 0 2 78 0 13 62 0 29 s 459,030 620 49,692 17,470 163 17,265 3,948 129 2,870 1,981 20 1,598 2,397 133 1,962 Includes 35,865 drivers with unknown injury severity and 372,853 with no injury Includes 42 passengers with unknown injury severity Includes 91 motorcyclists with unknown injury severity and 858 with no injury Includes 66 bicyclists with unknown injury severity and 297 with no injury Includes 58 pedestrians with unknown injury severity and 244 with no injury 42 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 16-20 DRIVER ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Going straight ahead 31,486 56.9 101 75.4 7,439 61.1 Turning left 4,980 9.0 10 7.5 1,393 11.4 Turning right 1,676 3.0 0 0.0 239 2.0 Stopped on roadway 3,728 6.7 3 2.2 740 6.1 In prior crash 77 0.1 0 0.0 21 0.2 Changing lanes 1,702 3.1 5 3.7 239 2.0 Backing 1,135 2.1 2 1.5 46 0.4 Slowing/stopping on roadway 5,853 10.6 4 3.0 993 8.2 Slowing/stopping other 67 0.1 0 0.0 17 0.1 Starting up on roadway 1,373 2.5 0 0.0 301 2.5 Starting up other 19 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.1 Entering parking 37 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.0 Leaving parking 173 0.3 0 0.0 35 0.3 Entering roadway 912 1.6 1 0.7 212 1.7 Leaving roadway 128 0.2 4 3.0 37 0.3 Making U-turn 110 0.2 0 0.0 26 0.2 Overtaking or passing 417 0.8 2 1.5 95 0.8 Avoiding object 109 0.2 0 0.0 34 0.3 Avoiding animal 203 0.4 0 0.0 57 0.5 Avoiding pedestrian 15 0.0 1 0.7 5 0.0 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 477 0.9 0 0.0 99 0.8 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 209 0.4 0 0.0 60 0.5 Driverless moving 6 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Parked 106 0.2 0 0.0 13 0.1 Crossing at intersection 4 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.0 Crossing not at intersection 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Getting on/off vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway with traffic 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway against traffic 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Standing/lying in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Pushing/working on vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other working in roadway 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Playing in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway other reason 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Not in roadway 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other 51 0.1 0 0.0 14 0.1 Unknown 247 0.4 1 0.7 44 0.4 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 43

DRIVER AGE 16-20 (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Loss of control 344 0.6 0 0.0 91 0.7 Cross center/median 57 0.1 2 1.5 15 0.1 Ran off road left 114 0.2 0 0.0 18 0.1 Ran off road right 200 0.4 0 0.0 38 0.3 Re-enter road 12 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Overturn 1,597 2.9 16 11.9 730 6.0 Separation of units 12 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.0 Fire/explosion 44 0.1 1 0.7 9 0.1 Immersion 9 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Jackknife 4 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Downhill runaway 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Cargo loss/shift 22 0.0 1 0.7 3 0.0 Individual fell off 62 0.1 2 1.5 47 0.4 Other noncollision 121 0.2 0 0.0 27 0.2 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 2,602 4.7 22 16.4 985 8.1 MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Pedestrian 155 0.3 9 6.7 133 1.1 Bicyclist (Pedalcycle) 146 0.3 3 2.2 124 1.0 Motor vehicle in transport 39,881 72.1 66 49.3 8,831 72.5 Parked motor vehicle 1,282 2.3 1 0.7 159 1.3 Railway train 5 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Animal 3,165 5.7 0 0.0 64 0.5 Other nonfixed objects 266 0.5 0 0.0 29 0.2 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 44,900 81.2 79 59.0 9,342 76.7 44 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 16-20 (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Bridge/pier/abutment 50 0.1 0 0.0 17 0.1 Bridge parapet end 11 0.0 1 0.7 3 0.0 Bridge rail 45 0.1 0 0.0 9 0.1 Guardrail face 474 0.9 1 0.7 85 0.7 Guardrail end 92 0.2 0 0.0 21 0.2 Median barrier 600 1.1 1 0.7 167 1.4 Highway traffic sign post 402 0.7 1 0.7 34 0.3 Highway signal post 31 0.1 0 0.0 3 0.0 Luminaire/light support 74 0.1 1 0.7 17 0.1 Utility pole 536 1.0 5 3.7 154 1.3 Other pole 146 0.3 0 0.0 20 0.2 Culvert 114 0.2 1 0.7 36 0.3 Curb 301 0.5 0 0.0 26 0.2 Ditch 1,284 2.3 2 1.5 253 2.1 Embankment 228 0.4 0 0.0 72 0.6 Fence 180 0.3 0 0.0 16 0.1 Mailbox 332 0.6 0 0.0 16 0.1 Tree 2,069 3.7 18 13.4 699 5.7 Rail crossing signal 7 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Building 88 0.2 1 0.7 30 0.2 Traffic island 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Fire hydrant 82 0.1 1 0.7 17 0.1 Impact attenuator 3 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Other fixed object 397 0.7 0 0.0 93 0.8 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 7,554 13.7 33 24.6 1,791 14.7 Teen and young adult drivers have the highest incidence of collision with ditches and trees in all crashes when compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over). All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Unknown Event 251 0.5 0 0.0 57 0.5 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 45

DRIVER AGE 16-20 (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Drivers Fatal Injury Single Vehicle 12,954 23.4 50 37.3 2,796 23.0 Head On 737 1.3 21 15.7 319 2.6 Head On - Left Turn 1,770 3.2 7 5.2 738 6.1 Angle 11,378 20.6 36 26.9 3,176 26.1 Rear End 18,643 33.7 6 4.5 3,646 29.9 Rear End - Left Turn 918 1.7 0 0.0 232 1.9 Rear End - Right Turn 603 1.1 0 0.0 94 0.8 Sideswipe - Same Direction 4,958 9.0 5 3.7 521 4.3 Sideswipe - Opposite Direct 973 1.8 1 0.7 158 1.3 Other/Unknown 2,373 4.3 8 6.0 495 4.1 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 Teen and young adult drivers are involved in the largest proportion of single vehicle fatal crashes when compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over). RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury On Road 46,911 84.8 95 70.9 9,988 82.0 Median 337 0.6 1 0.7 95 0.8 Shoulder 2,174 3.9 2 1.5 499 4.1 Outside of Shoulder/Curb 4,939 8.9 29 21.6 1,352 11.1 Gore 215 0.4 2 1.5 58 0.5 Other/Unknown 731 1.3 5 3.7 183 1.5 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 When compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over) in all crashes, teen and young adult drivers have the highest incidence of crashes where the first impact is on the shoulder of the roadway or outside the shoulder/curb. ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Interstate Routes 5,185 9.4 14 10.4 1,208 9.9 U.S. & Michigan Roads 15,111 27.3 31 23.1 3,314 27.2 County & City Roads 35,011 63.3 89 66.4 7,653 62.9 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 46 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 16-20 (continued) TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Midnight - 2:59 AM 2,408 4.4 12 9.0 578 4.7 3:00 AM - 5:59 AM 1,207 2.2 13 9.7 341 2.8 6:00 AM - 8:59 AM 6,049 10.9 16 11.9 1,157 9.5 9:00 AM - 11:59 AM 5,639 10.2 6 4.5 1,212 10.0 Noon - 2:59 PM 10,360 18.7 16 11.9 2,339 19.2 3:00 PM - 5:59 PM 15,138 27.4 23 17.2 3,322 27.3 6:00 PM - 8:59 PM 8,847 16.0 13 9.7 1,982 16.3 9:00 PM - 11:59 PM 5,637 10.2 34 25.4 1,240 10.2 Unknown 22 0.0 1 0.7 4 0.0 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 For drivers age 16-20, the 3:00-5:59 PM time period has the highest number of all crashes and injury crashes, while the 9:00-11:59 PM time period has the highest number of fatal crashes. All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Hazardous Citation Issued HAZARDOUS ACTION of Drivers Fatal Injury Issued None 18,504 33.5 30 22.4 3,419 28.1 104 0.5 Speed too fast 6,534 11.8 26 19.4 1,544 12.7 2,447 12.6 Speed too slow 43 0.1 0 0.0 8 0.1 14 0.1 Failed to yield 7,071 12.8 12 9.0 1,969 16.2 4,544 23.4 Disregard traffic control 1,448 2.6 11 8.2 602 4.9 953 4.9 Drove wrong way 39 0.1 0 0.0 14 0.1 17 0.1 Drove left of center 317 0.6 4 3.0 97 0.8 147 0.8 Improper passing 273 0.5 1 0.7 34 0.3 137 0.7 Improper lane use 1,173 2.1 0 0.0 122 1.0 648 3.3 Improper turn 590 1.1 2 1.5 117 1.0 330 1.7 Improper/no signal 86 0.2 0 0.0 17 0.1 31 0.2 Improper backing 820 1.5 0 0.0 18 0.1 315 1.6 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 12,514 22.6 1 0.7 2,473 20.3 7,423 38.2 Reckless driving 393 0.7 11 8.2 156 1.3 206 1.1 Careless/negligent driving 2,315 4.2 10 7.5 800 6.6 1,332 6.9 Other 2,176 3.9 8 6.0 510 4.2 719 3.7 Unknown 1,011 1.8 18 13.4 275 2.3 53 0.3 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 19,420 100.0 Compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over), teen and young adult drivers have the highest incidence of crash involvement when their speed is too fast. In all crashes they are unable to stop in assured clear distance more often than older drivers. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 47

DRIVER AGE 16-20 (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Monday 7,634 13.8 18 13.4 1,653 13.6 Tuesday 7,664 13.9 15 11.2 1,665 13.7 Wednesday 7,926 14.3 14 10.4 1,688 13.9 Thursday 8,242 14.9 13 9.7 1,781 14.6 Friday 10,703 19.4 21 15.7 2,287 18.8 Saturday 7,379 13.3 26 19.4 1,733 14.2 Sunday 5,759 10.4 27 20.1 1,368 11.2 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Male 29,597 53.5 94 70.1 6,340 52.1 Female 25,703 46.5 40 29.9 5,833 47.9 Unknown 7 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 OCCUPANTS IN MOTOR VEHICLE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury 1 occupant 39,218 70.9 73 54.5 7,876 64.7 2 occupants 11,214 20.3 36 26.9 2,775 22.8 3 occupants 3,083 5.6 12 9.0 941 7.7 4 occupants 1,185 2.1 7 5.2 402 3.3 5 occupants 332 0.6 3 2.2 128 1.1 6 + occupants 83 0.2 2 1.5 37 0.3 0 occupants 71 0.1 1 0.7 3 0.0 Unknown 121 0.2 0 0.0 13 0.1 Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 48 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 16-20 (continued) VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 47,759 86.4 107 79.9 10,279 84.4 Van and Motorhome 1,234 2.2 3 2.2 270 2.2 Pickup 5,102 9.2 16 11.9 1,159 9.5 Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) 701 1.3 3 2.2 165 1.4 Motorcycle 177 0.3 2 1.5 132 1.1 Moped 94 0.2 1 0.7 76 0.6 Go Cart 3 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Snowmobile 14 0.0 0 0.0 10 0.1 Off Road Vehicle 56 0.1 2 1.5 47 0.4 Other 80 0.1 0 0.0 19 0.2 Unknown 32 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.0 CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) 55 0.1 0 0.0 12 0.1 of Drivers 55,307 100.0 134 100.0 12,175 100.0 CDL Truck/Bus Sub-category Types All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A 19 34.5 0 0.0 5 41.7 Commercial Vehicle: Group B 11 20.0 0 0.0 2 16.7 Commercial Vehicle: Group C 5 9.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other Truck 20 36.4 0 0.0 5 41.7 Unknown Truck 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 of Drivers 55 100.0 0 0.0 12 100.0 Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 49

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DRIVER AGE 21-64 DRIVER ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Going straight ahead 181,553 56.4 755 77.9 37,955 56.3 Turning left 20,464 6.4 53 5.5 5,341 7.9 Turning right 8,660 2.7 7 0.7 1,299 1.9 Stopped on roadway 40,992 12.7 33 3.4 9,828 14.6 In prior crash 339 0.1 0 0.0 104 0.2 Changing lanes 7,862 2.4 14 1.4 944 1.4 Backing 6,679 2.1 4 0.4 272 0.4 Slowing/stopping on roadway 32,357 10.1 26 2.7 6,636 9.8 Slowing/stopping other 408 0.1 0 0.0 97 0.1 Starting up on roadway 6,753 2.1 8 0.8 1,494 2.2 Starting up other 119 0.0 0 0.0 27 0.0 Entering parking 298 0.1 0 0.0 29 0.0 Leaving parking 796 0.2 2 0.2 137 0.2 Entering roadway 3,403 1.1 5 0.5 776 1.2 Leaving roadway 468 0.1 4 0.4 141 0.2 Making U-turn 513 0.2 0 0.0 124 0.2 Overtaking or passing 1,764 0.5 23 2.4 370 0.5 Avoiding object 439 0.1 0 0.0 99 0.1 Avoiding animal 704 0.2 2 0.2 150 0.2 Avoiding pedestrian 70 0.0 5 0.5 34 0.1 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 2,507 0.8 12 1.2 693 1.0 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 1,118 0.3 6 0.6 295 0.4 Driverless moving 47 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0 Parked 1,548 0.5 2 0.2 152 0.2 Crossing at intersection 14 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.0 Crossing not at intersection 3 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Getting on/off vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway with traffic 3 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 In roadway against traffic 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Standing/lying in roadway 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Pushing/working on vehicle 4 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Other working in roadway 9 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Playing in roadway 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway other reason 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Not in roadway 17 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0 Other 380 0.1 1 0.1 83 0.1 Unknown 1,596 0.5 7 0.7 267 0.4 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 51

DRIVER AGE 21-64 (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Loss of control 1,284 0.4 4 0.4 426 0.6 Cross center/median 209 0.1 1 0.1 65 0.1 Ran off road left 435 0.1 1 0.1 100 0.1 Ran off road right 835 0.3 2 0.2 182 0.3 Re-enter road 53 0.0 0 0.0 10 0.0 Overturn 4,751 1.5 83 8.6 2,320 3.4 Separation of units 148 0.0 0 0.0 30 0.0 Fire/explosion 269 0.1 6 0.6 45 0.1 Immersion 37 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.0 Jackknife 155 0.0 0 0.0 18 0.0 Downhill runaway 13 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.0 Cargo loss/shift 310 0.1 1 0.1 24 0.0 Individual fell off 344 0.1 14 1.4 314 0.5 Other noncollision 871 0.3 2 0.2 158 0.2 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 9,714 3.0 114 11.8 3,701 5.5 MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Pedestrian 1,163 0.4 89 9.2 945 1.4 Pedalcycle (Bicyclist) 1,103 0.3 16 1.7 884 1.3 Motor vehicle in transport 229,453 71.3 577 59.5 53,114 78.8 Parked motor vehicle 6,484 2.0 5 0.5 685 1.0 Railway train 37 0.0 1 0.1 12 0.0 Animal 41,526 12.9 5 0.5 789 1.2 Other nonfixed objects 3,197 1.0 3 0.3 226 0.3 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 282,963 87.9 696 71.8 56,655 84.1 52 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 21-64 (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Bridge/pier/abutment 350 0.1 6 0.6 93 0.1 Bridge parapet end 42 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.0 Bridge rail 263 0.1 0 0.0 53 0.1 Guardrail face 2,257 0.7 5 0.5 410 0.6 Guardrail end 366 0.1 4 0.4 102 0.2 Median barrier 3,066 1.0 3 0.3 861 1.3 Highway traffic sign post 1,602 0.5 2 0.2 114 0.2 Highway signal post 136 0.0 1 0.1 18 0.0 Luminaire/light support 379 0.1 0 0.0 91 0.1 Utility pole 2,026 0.6 15 1.5 641 1.0 Other pole 582 0.2 1 0.1 95 0.1 Culvert 358 0.1 8 0.8 128 0.2 Curb 1,180 0.4 1 0.1 152 0.2 Ditch 4,306 1.3 14 1.4 1,002 1.5 Embankment 801 0.2 7 0.7 215 0.3 Fence 630 0.2 1 0.1 95 0.1 Mailbox 957 0.3 1 0.1 70 0.1 Tree 6,038 1.9 80 8.3 1,927 2.9 Rail crossing signal 53 0.0 0 0.0 11 0.0 Building 391 0.1 3 0.3 154 0.2 Traffic island 29 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Fire hydrant 316 0.1 0 0.0 57 0.1 Impact attenuator 36 0.0 0 0.0 10 0.0 Other fixed object 1,733 0.5 7 0.7 433 0.6 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 27,897 8.7 159 16.4 6,741 10.0 All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Unknown Event 1,319 0.4 0 0.0 278 0.4 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 53

DRIVER AGE 21-64 (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Drivers Fatal Injury Single Vehicle 78,185 24.3 325 33.5 11,209 16.6 Head On 4,072 1.3 161 16.6 1,900 2.8 Head On - Left Turn 8,655 2.7 69 7.1 3,748 5.6 Angle 57,603 17.9 212 21.9 16,710 24.8 Rear End 106,663 33.1 95 9.8 24,436 36.3 Rear End - Left Turn 4,165 1.3 17 1.8 1,098 1.6 Rear End - Right Turn 4,422 1.4 0 0.0 662 1.0 Sideswipe - Same Direction 35,032 10.9 28 2.9 3,490 5.2 Sideswipe - Opposite Direct 6,138 1.9 11 1.1 1,055 1.6 Other/Unknown 16,958 5.3 51 5.3 3,067 4.6 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury On Road 290,935 90.4 735 75.9 59,529 88.4 Median 1,860 0.6 9 0.9 452 0.7 Shoulder 8,706 2.7 51 5.3 2,003 3.0 Outside of Shoulder/Curb 16,286 5.1 146 15.1 4,431 6.6 Gore 854 0.3 8 0.8 206 0.3 Other/Unknown 3,252 1.0 20 2.1 754 1.1 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Interstate Routes 42,836 13.3 120 12.4 9,157 13.6 U.S. & Michigan Roads 98,642 30.6 304 31.4 21,041 31.2 County & City Roads 180,415 56.0 545 56.2 37,177 55.2 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 54 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 21-64 (continued) TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Midnight - 2:59 AM 12,270 3.8 106 10.9 2,917 4.3 3:00 AM - 5:59 AM 11,007 3.4 62 6.4 1,912 2.8 6:00 AM - 8:59 AM 46,978 14.6 91 9.4 8,264 12.3 9:00 AM - 11:59 AM 39,916 12.4 109 11.2 8,449 12.5 Noon - 2:59 PM 56,581 17.6 155 16.0 13,141 19.5 3:00 PM - 5:59 PM 82,143 25.5 156 16.1 18,303 27.2 6:00 PM - 8:59 PM 48,088 14.9 145 15.0 9,480 14.1 9:00 PM - 11:59 PM 24,803 7.7 143 14.8 4,890 7.3 Unknown 107 0.0 2 0.2 19 0.0 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 For drivers age 21-64, the 3:00-5:59 PM time period has the highest number of crashes for all crash types. All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Hazardous Citation Issued HAZARDOUS ACTION of Drivers Fatal Injury Issued None 181,919 56.5 418 43.1 34,402 51.1 579 0.9 Speed too fast 20,021 6.2 137 14.1 4,752 7.1 6,139 9.5 Speed too slow 239 0.1 1 0.1 54 0.1 55 0.1 Failed to yield 24,544 7.6 48 5.0 6,632 9.8 14,494 22.5 Disregard traffic control 6,035 1.9 42 4.3 2,420 3.6 3,631 5.6 Drove wrong way 241 0.1 1 0.1 74 0.1 99 0.2 Drove left of center 1,496 0.5 36 3.7 530 0.8 622 1.0 Improper passing 1,315 0.4 9 0.9 189 0.3 527 0.8 Improper lane use 5,960 1.9 4 0.4 664 1.0 2,797 4.3 Improper turn 2,714 0.8 2 0.2 433 0.6 1,200 1.9 Improper/no signal 498 0.2 1 0.1 81 0.1 142 0.2 Improper backing 4,849 1.5 1 0.1 121 0.2 1,519 2.4 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 43,960 13.7 42 4.3 9,411 14.0 24,076 37.4 Reckless driving 1,531 0.5 24 2.5 678 1.0 691 1.1 Careless/negligent driving 7,962 2.5 57 5.9 2,624 3.9 4,136 6.4 Other 11,635 3.6 59 6.1 2,694 4.0 3,435 5.3 Unknown 6,974 2.2 87 9.0 1,616 2.4 222 0.3 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 64,364 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 55

DRIVER AGE 21-64 (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Monday 46,879 14.6 119 12.3 9,703 14.4 Tuesday 47,348 14.7 126 13.0 9,649 14.3 Wednesday 48,317 15.0 99 10.2 9,805 14.6 Thursday 49,709 15.4 115 11.9 10,236 15.2 Friday 59,320 18.4 178 18.4 12,414 18.4 Saturday 40,060 12.4 157 16.2 8,807 13.1 Sunday 30,260 9.4 175 18.1 6,761 10.0 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Male 174,926 54.3 701 72.3 35,524 52.7 Female 146,862 45.6 268 27.7 31,842 47.3 Unknown 105 0.0 0 0.0 9 0.0 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 Male drivers age 21-64, are over-represented in fatal crashes. OCCUPANTS IN MOTOR VEHICLE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury 1 occupant 249,381 77.5 691 71.3 48,091 71.4 2 occupants 47,926 14.9 187 19.3 12,557 18.6 3 occupants 13,736 4.3 49 5.1 3,850 5.7 4 occupants 5,775 1.8 20 2.1 1,711 2.5 5 occupants 1,932 0.6 8 0.8 604 0.9 6 + occupants 1,375 0.4 11 1.1 395 0.6 0 occupants 1,043 0.3 0 0.0 53 0.1 Unknown 725 0.2 3 0.3 114 0.2 Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 56 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 21-64 (continued) VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 247,629 76.9 565 58.3 51,023 75.7 Van and Motorhome 16,245 5.0 41 4.2 3,543 5.3 Pickup 38,294 11.9 136 14.0 6,871 10.2 Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) 5,910 1.8 19 2.0 1,245 1.8 Motorcycle 3,106 1.0 124 12.8 2,354 3.5 Moped 301 0.1 7 0.7 246 0.4 Go Cart 16 0.0 1 0.1 6 0.0 Snowmobile 87 0.0 3 0.3 61 0.1 Off Road Vehicle 141 0.0 3 0.3 121 0.2 Other 1,167 0.4 4 0.4 228 0.3 Unknown 224 0.1 0 0.0 45 0.1 CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) 8,773 2.7 66 6.8 1,632 2.4 of Drivers 321,893 100.0 969 100.0 67,375 100.0 CDL Truck/Bus Sub-category Types All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A 5,579 63.6 46 69.7 1,009 61.8 Commercial Vehicle: Group B 2,048 23.3 12 18.2 424 26.0 Commercial Vehicle: Group C 309 3.5 2 3.0 57 3.5 Other Truck 687 7.8 5 7.6 124 7.6 Unknown Truck 150 1.7 1 1.5 18 1.1 of Drivers 8,773 100.0 66 100.0 1,632 100.0 Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 57

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DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER DRIVER ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Going straight ahead 21,084 51.4 130 66.3 4,538 51.4 Turning left 4,303 10.5 29 14.8 1,241 14.1 Turning right 1,554 3.8 0 0.0 225 2.5 Stopped on roadway 4,611 11.2 9 4.6 1,118 12.7 In prior crash 33 0.1 1 0.5 15 0.2 Changing lanes 1,329 3.2 2 1.0 122 1.4 Backing 1,382 3.4 1 0.5 52 0.6 Slowing/stopping on roadway 3,182 7.8 2 1.0 719 8.1 Slowing/stopping other 54 0.1 0 0.0 11 0.1 Starting up on roadway 1,107 2.7 5 2.6 284 3.2 Starting up other 35 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.1 Entering parking 86 0.2 0 0.0 8 0.1 Leaving parking 191 0.5 0 0.0 37 0.4 Entering roadway 873 2.1 5 2.6 186 2.1 Leaving roadway 69 0.2 3 1.5 22 0.2 Making U-turn 121 0.3 0 0.0 32 0.4 Overtaking or passing 215 0.5 3 1.5 41 0.5 Avoiding object 42 0.1 1 0.5 14 0.2 Avoiding animal 53 0.1 0 0.0 10 0.1 Avoiding pedestrian 9 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.1 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 211 0.5 2 1.0 59 0.7 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 83 0.2 1 0.5 25 0.3 Driverless moving 11 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Parked 157 0.4 0 0.0 15 0.2 Crossing at intersection 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Crossing not at intersection 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Getting on/off vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway with traffic 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway against traffic 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Standing/lying in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Pushing/working on vehicle 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Other working in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Playing in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway other reason 1 0.0 1 0.5 0 0.0 Not in roadway 5 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Other 52 0.1 0 0.0 11 0.1 Unknown 192 0.5 1 0.5 27 0.3 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 Compared to the other two age groups (16-20 and 21-64), elderly drivers are more likely to be involved in a fatal crash when making a left turn. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 59

DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Loss of control 93 0.2 0 0.0 27 0.3 Cross center/median 35 0.1 1 0.5 9 0.1 Ran off road left 51 0.1 2 1.0 9 0.1 Ran off road right 72 0.2 0 0.0 16 0.2 Re-enter road 9 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Overturn 318 0.8 13 6.6 165 1.9 Separation of units 11 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.0 Fire/explosion 19 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Immersion 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Jackknife 10 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Downhill runaway 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Cargo loss/shift 20 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.0 Individual fell off 21 0.1 0 0.0 18 0.2 Other noncollision 109 0.3 1 0.5 25 0.3 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 771 1.9 17 8.7 280 3.2 MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Pedestrian 231 0.6 12 6.1 194 2.2 Pedalcycle (Bicyclist) 241 0.6 1 0.5 190 2.2 Motor vehicle in transport 30,753 74.9 132 67.3 7,186 81.4 Parked motor vehicle 1,120 2.7 1 0.5 86 1.0 Railway train 8 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.0 Animal 4,753 11.6 1 0.5 82 0.9 Other nonfixed objects 367 0.9 1 0.5 27 0.3 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 37,473 91.3 148 75.5 7,768 88.0 Motor vehicle in transport was by far the most problematic event in collisions with a nonfixed object for all crash types and age groups; however, it was most problematic for drivers age 65 and over. 60 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Bridge/pier/abutment 21 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.1 Bridge parapet end 7 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Bridge rail 19 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.0 Guardrail face 157 0.4 0 0.0 39 0.4 Guardrail end 37 0.1 0 0.0 13 0.1 Median barrier 141 0.3 0 0.0 43 0.5 Highway traffic sign post 189 0.5 0 0.0 14 0.2 Highway signal post 14 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.0 Luminaire/light support 30 0.1 0 0.0 8 0.1 Utility pole 217 0.5 2 1.0 83 0.9 Other pole 62 0.2 0 0.0 15 0.2 Culvert 43 0.1 0 0.0 25 0.3 Curb 117 0.3 2 1.0 19 0.2 Ditch 421 1.0 6 3.1 116 1.3 Embankment 62 0.2 1 0.5 21 0.2 Fence 67 0.2 0 0.0 13 0.1 Mailbox 114 0.3 0 0.0 19 0.2 Tree 603 1.5 17 8.7 223 2.5 Rail crossing signal 14 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Building 63 0.2 2 1.0 22 0.2 Traffic island 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Fire hydrant 33 0.1 1 0.5 3 0.0 Impact attenuator 4 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Other fixed object 181 0.4 0 0.0 47 0.5 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 2,620 6.4 31 15.8 739 8.4 All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Unknown Event 183 0.4 0 0.0 40 0.5 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 61

DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Drivers Fatal Injury Single Vehicle 8,261 20.1 57 29.1 1,254 14.2 Head On 492 1.2 31 15.8 220 2.5 Head On - Left Turn 1,507 3.7 15 7.7 643 7.3 Angle 10,244 25.0 63 32.1 2,786 31.6 Rear End 10,982 26.8 18 9.2 2,681 30.4 Rear End - Left Turn 522 1.3 3 1.5 142 1.6 Rear End - Right Turn 481 1.2 0 0.0 84 1.0 Sideswipe - Same Direction 5,222 12.7 3 1.5 394 4.5 Sideswipe - Opposite Direct 886 2.2 2 1.0 149 1.7 Other/Unknown 2,450 6.0 4 2.0 474 5.4 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 Elderly drivers have the highest incidence of angle type crashes when compared to the other two age groups (16-20 and 21-64) in all crashes, fatal crashes, and injury crashes. RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury On Road 37,918 92.4 149 76.0 7,939 89.9 Median 109 0.3 0 0.0 34 0.4 Shoulder 872 2.1 7 3.6 208 2.4 Outside of Shoulder/Curb 1,579 3.8 27 13.8 498 5.6 Gore 99 0.2 3 1.5 25 0.3 Other/Unknown 470 1.1 10 5.1 123 1.4 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Interstate Routes 3,371 8.2 16 8.2 779 8.8 U.S. & Michigan Roads 13,469 32.8 78 39.8 2,887 32.7 County & City Roads 24,207 59.0 102 52.0 5,161 58.5 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 62 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Midnight - 2:59 AM 479 1.2 3 1.5 76 0.9 3:00 AM - 5:59 AM 423 1.0 2 1.0 62 0.7 6:00 AM - 8:59 AM 3,443 8.4 16 8.2 672 7.6 9:00 AM - 11:59 AM 8,081 19.7 35 17.9 1,791 20.3 Noon - 2:59 PM 10,845 26.4 54 27.6 2,527 28.6 3:00 PM - 5:59 PM 10,506 25.6 49 25.0 2,402 27.2 6:00 PM - 8:59 PM 5,295 12.9 24 12.2 988 11.2 9:00 PM - 11:59 PM 1,959 4.8 13 6.6 306 3.5 Unknown 16 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.0 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 For drivers age 65 and over, noon - 2:59 PM has the highest number of crashes for all crash types. All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Hazardous Citation Issued HAZARDOUS ACTION of Drivers Fatal Injury Issued None 21,295 51.9 72 36.7 4,070 46.1 56 0.7 Speed too fast 1,405 3.4 14 7.1 340 3.9 289 3.5 Speed too slow 24 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.1 5 0.1 Failed to yield 6,282 15.3 26 13.3 1,735 19.7 3,356 40.2 Disregard traffic control 1,116 2.7 14 7.1 436 4.9 665 8.0 Drove wrong way 42 0.1 0 0.0 14 0.2 18 0.2 Drove left of center 265 0.6 12 6.1 86 1.0 106 1.3 Improper passing 198 0.5 0 0.0 25 0.3 68 0.8 Improper lane use 1,228 3.0 2 1.0 117 1.3 565 6.8 Improper turn 621 1.5 1 0.5 88 1.0 264 3.2 Improper/no signal 68 0.2 1 0.5 10 0.1 12 0.1 Improper backing 1,025 2.5 0 0.0 21 0.2 232 2.8 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 4,099 10.0 10 5.1 996 11.3 2,021 24.2 Reckless driving 37 0.1 1 0.5 20 0.2 13 0.2 Careless/negligent driving 752 1.8 10 5.1 245 2.8 318 3.8 Other 1,553 3.8 16 8.2 370 4.2 332 4.0 Unknown 1,037 2.5 17 8.7 248 2.8 26 0.3 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 8,346 100.0 Compared to the other two age groups (16-20 and 21-64), elderly drivers have the highest incidence of failed to yield, disregard of traffic control, improper lane use, improper turn, and improper backing as a hazardous action in all crashes. In fatal crashes, elderly drivers have a significantly higher incidence of failed to yield as a hazardous action. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 63

DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Monday 6,057 14.8 37 18.9 1,313 14.9 Tuesday 6,147 15.0 29 14.8 1,337 15.1 Wednesday 6,391 15.6 29 14.8 1,319 14.9 Thursday 6,517 15.9 15 7.7 1,462 16.6 Friday 7,336 17.9 39 19.9 1,533 17.4 Saturday 4,772 11.6 27 13.8 1,034 11.7 Sunday 3,827 9.3 20 10.2 829 9.4 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Male 23,415 57.0 137 69.9 4,891 55.4 Female 17,621 42.9 59 30.1 3,936 44.6 Unknown 11 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 OCCUPANTS IN MOTOR VEHICLE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury 1 occupant 31,568 76.9 139 70.9 6,389 72.4 2 occupants 7,939 19.3 45 23.0 2,060 23.3 3 occupants 908 2.2 7 3.6 244 2.8 4 occupants 311 0.8 3 1.5 83 0.9 5 occupants 60 0.1 1 0.5 18 0.2 6 + occupants 78 0.2 1 0.5 19 0.2 0 occupants 128 0.3 0 0.0 7 0.1 Unknown 55 0.1 0 0.0 7 0.1 Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 64 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 32,976 80.3 131 66.8 7,071 80.1 Van and Motorhome 2,258 5.5 13 6.6 533 6.0 Pickup 4,432 10.8 29 14.8 796 9.0 Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) 610 1.5 3 1.5 123 1.4 Motorcycle 196 0.5 6 3.1 152 1.7 Moped 27 0.1 0 0.0 24 0.3 Go Cart 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Snowmobile 4 0.0 1 0.5 3 0.0 Off Road Vehicle 15 0.0 3 1.5 9 0.1 Other 94 0.2 2 1.0 26 0.3 Unknown 27 0.1 0 0.0 5 0.1 CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) 406 1.0 8 4.1 85 1.0 of Drivers 41,047 100.0 196 100.0 8,827 100.0 CDL Truck/Bus Sub-category Types All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A 247 60.8 2 25.0 55 64.7 Commercial Vehicle: Group B 111 27.3 4 50.0 22 25.9 Commercial Vehicle: Group C 28 6.9 1 12.5 3 3.5 Other Truck 16 3.9 1 12.5 5 5.9 Unknown Truck 4 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 of Drivers 406 100.0 8 100.0 85 100.0 Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 65

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Alcohol/Drug

ROADWAY INJURY EXPERIENCE FOR PERSONS WHO HAD BEEN DRINKING AND/OR USING DRUGS Alcohol and/or drug use affects the judgment and behavior of people in addition to motor vehicle drivers. Consider the experience of impaired bicyclists, motorcyclists, ORV/ATV riders, pedestrians, and snowmobilers when looking at crash statistics. Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs BICYCLIST Bicyclist in crash Bicyclist drinking Bicyclist in crash Bicyclist drugged Bicyclist in crash Bicyclist drink & drug Bicyclist in crash Bicyclists In Crashes 1,981 65 53 8 1 2 0 75 54 Bicyclists Killed 20 2 2 3 0 1 0 6 2 Bicyclists Injured 1,598 58 47 5 1 0 0 63 48 Bicyclist drink &/or drug DRIVER Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Driver in crash Driver drinking Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Driver in crash Driver drugged Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Driver in crash Driver drink & drug Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs Driver in crash Drivers In Crashes 459,030 13,272 8,878 1,682 1,018 1,538 961 16,492 10,857 Drivers Killed 620 136 122 41 31 50 39 227 192 Drivers Injured 49,692 3,434 2,664 527 371 452 344 4,413 3,379 Driver drink &/or drug Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs MOTORCYCLIST Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drinking Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drugged Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drink & drug Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drink &/or drug Motorcyclists In Crashes 3,948 302 245 17 12 41 29 360 286 Motorcyclists Killed 129 32 25 6 6 11 7 49 38 Motorcyclists Injured 2,870 227 191 9 4 27 19 263 214 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 69

ROADWAY INJURY EXPERIENCE FOR PERSONS WHO HAD BEEN DRINKING AND/OR USING DRUGS (continued) Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs ORV/ATV RIDER ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Rider drinking ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Rider drugged ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Rider drink & drug ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Riders In Crashes 338 42 42 0 0 5 5 47 47 ORV/ATV Riders Killed 8 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 3 ORV/ATV Riders Injured 252 35 35 0 0 5 5 40 40 ORV/ATV Rider drink &/or drug Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs PEDESTRIAN Pedestrian in crash Pedestrian drinking Pedestrian in crash Pedestrian drugged Pedestrian in crash Pedestrian drink & drug Pedestrian in crash Pedestrians In Crashes 2,397 257 195 31 14 25 9 313 218 Pedestrians Killed 133 33 22 8 3 9 2 50 27 Pedestrians Injured 1,962 204 158 21 10 14 5 239 173 Pedestrian drink &/or drug Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs SNOWMOBILER Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drinking Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drugged Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drink & drug Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drink &/or drug Snowmobilers In Crashes 129 17 15 1 1 2 2 20 18 Snowmobilers Killed 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 Snowmobilers Injured 82 13 12 0 0 1 1 14 13 70 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER DRINKING AND/OR USING DRUGS AND INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH BY AGE AGE OF DRIVER IN CRASH Drinking Only MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Injury Drug Only Both Drinking Only Drug Only Both Drinking Only 13 years & under 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 14 years 3 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 years 8 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 6 16 years 31 11 4 46 0 0 1 1 9 8 2 19 17 years 53 15 14 82 1 1 1 3 14 8 7 29 18 years 178 35 39 252 4 6 1 11 72 15 17 104 19 years 250 40 36 326 6 2 2 10 105 17 12 134 20 years 273 34 32 339 2 0 1 3 96 11 16 123 21-24 years 1,718 129 165 2,012 47 9 7 63 647 57 84 788 25-34 years 2,431 318 257 3,006 44 19 20 83 959 142 111 1,212 35-44 years 1,530 174 192 1,896 34 8 14 56 594 78 72 744 45-54 years 1,380 158 124 1,662 29 6 5 40 524 79 47 650 55-64 years 701 78 70 849 10 5 3 18 276 26 32 334 65-69 years 153 15 11 179 7 0 2 9 67 4 2 73 70-74 years 60 5 6 71 0 1 0 1 22 4 2 28 75-79 years 33 3 1 37 1 0 0 1 18 1 0 19 80-84 years 11 2 2 15 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 85-89 years 6 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 90 years & over 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 69 5 7 81 0 0 0 0 9 1 2 12 8,892 1,026 961 10,879 185 57 57 299 3,422 453 406 4,281 Drug Only Both The driver age group 25 to 34 years represents the highest number of drinking and/or drug use in total: crashes, fatal crashes, and injury crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 71

ALL CRASHES BY INJURY SEVERITY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 80.8% FATAL (K) 0.3% INJURY (A) 1.7% INJURY (B) 4.8% INJURY (C) 12.4% The majority of crashes do not involve injury (80.8%). Two thirds of those that do involve injury are only minor (C) injury crashes. HBD CRASHES BY INJURY SEVERITY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 57.6% FATAL (K) 2.6% INJURY (A) 8.0% INJURY (C) 17.4% INJURY (B) 14.4% The problem of the drinking driver, pedestrian, and/or cyclist is seen by comparing the two charts on this page. All injury levels are greater, and a fatality in the crash is eight and half times more likely when one of the crash-involved operators is reported as had-been-drinking (HBD). 72 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DEATH & INJURY FOR CRASH INVOLVED OCCUPANTS NO INJURY 84.6% Occupants in Crashes FATAL (K) 0.2% INJURY (A) 1.2% INJURY (B) 3.5% INJURY (C) 10.5% The majority of occupants involved in crashes are not injured (84.6%). Two thirds of those who are injured receive only minor (C) injuries. Occupants in HBD Crashes NO INJURY 63.5% FATAL (K) 1.6% INJURY (A) 6.4% INJURY (B) 12.0% INJURY (C) 16.5% Crashes involving drinking tend to be more serious than nondrinking crashes. The percentage of occupant fatalities is eight times higher than in all crashes and the most serious injury level (A) is five and a half times higher. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 73

ALL DRIVERS and HBD DRIVERS INJURY SEVERITY - EJECTED vs. NOT EJECTED As can be seen in the two charts below, death and injury are much more likely when drivers are ejected from vehicles. Ejected No Injury 23.7% Not Ejected Injury (C) 17.3% Killed 10.6% Killed 0.1% Injury (A) 0.8% Injury (B) 2.6% Injury (C) 8.1% No Injury 88.3% Injury (B) 21.5% Injury (A) 27.0% When compared to the charts above, the charts below demonstrate that the injury severity is much worse for drivers who had been drinking in both ejected and non-ejected events. HBD Ejected Injury (B) 19.3% HBD Not Ejected No Injury 69.1% Injury (C) 11.8% Killed 1.1% Injury (A) 4.8% Injury (A) 40.4% No Injury 3.9% Injury (B) 11.5% Killed 24.6% Injury (C) 13.5% 74 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

ALL OCCUPANTS and OCCUPANTS of HBD CRASHES INJURY SEVERITY - EJECTED vs. NOT EJECTED As can be seen in the two charts below, death and injury are much more likely when occupants are ejected from vehicles. Ejected No Injury 18.9% Not Ejected Injury (C) 16.8% Killed 10.4% Killed 0.1% Injury (A) 1.1% Injury (B) 3.4% No Injury 84.9% Injury (C) 10.5% Injury (B) 24.6% Injury (A) 29.3% When compared to the charts above, the charts below demonstrate that the injury severity is much worse for occupants in a crash where drinking is reported in both ejected and non-ejected events. HBD Ejected Injury (B) 19.2% Injury (C) 12.4% Injury (A) 44.0% No Injury 3.1% Killed 21.4% Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 75

INJURY SEVERITY & RESTRAINT USE FOR CRASH INVOLVED KABC DRIVERS ALL CRASHES 40,000 1,600 Drivers - Restraints Used 30,000 1,200 20,000 800 10,000 400 Drivers - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used HBD CRASHES 2,000 400 Drivers - Restraints Used 1,500 300 1,000 200 500 100 Drivers - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used 76 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

INJURY SEVERITY & RESTRAINT USE FOR CRASH INVOLVED KABC OCCUPANTS ALL CRASHES 50,000 2,500 Occupants - Restraints Used 40,000 2,000 30,000 1,500 20,000 1,000 10,000 500 Occupants - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used HBD CRASHES 2,500 500 Occupants - Restraints Used 2,000 400 1,500 300 1,000 200 500 100 Occupants - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 77

ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT IN FATAL CRASHES Fatal crashes (total of non-hbd and HBD fatal crashes) were lowest in January. HBD fatal crashes were highest in number during the months of May and July. The number of total fatal crashes reached highest levels in June and July. HBD Fatal Crashes by Month 50 125 HBD Fatal Crashes 40 30 20 10 100 75 50 25 Fatal Crashes 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D s HBD Fatal Crashes 15 17 17 18 30 27 30 24 16 17 22 27 260 Fatal Crashes 52 63 77 57 71 92 92 83 78 79 63 63 870 Alcohol-related Fatalities Alcohol-related Fatalities by Month 50 40 30 20 10 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Alc-rel. Fatalities 16 19 18 20 31 29 30 27 17 18 26 30 281 Fatalities 54 67 81 62 75 100 95 90 86 87 68 71 936 Note: An alcohol-related fatality is any person killed in an HBD crash. 125 100 75 50 25 0 s Fatalities 78 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

HBD Fatal Crashes by Day of Week 100 250 HBD Fatal Crashes 80 60 40 20 200 150 100 50 Fatal Crashes 0 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun HBD Fatal Crashes 19 39 21 26 32 59 64 260 Fatal Crashes 111 113 90 96 154 152 154 870 Friday and Sunday had the most fatal crashes while Saturday and Sunday had the highest proportions of drinking-related fatal crashes in. 41.6 percent of the fatal crashes on Sunday involved drinking, while only 17.1 percent of the fatal crashes on Monday involved drinking. HBD Fatal Crashes by Time of Day 0 s 100 200 HBD Fatal Crashes 75 50 25 150 100 50 Fatal Crashes 0 12:00-2:59A 3:00-5:59A 6:00-8:59A 9:00-11:59A HBD Fatal Crashes 71 36 6 7 10 22 42 63 257 Fatal Crashes 109 64 82 82 134 137 120 139 867 Not surprisingly, the 12:00 AM to 2:59 AM time period had the highest rate of drinking involvement (65.1%), while the 6:00 AM to 8:59 AM time period had the lowest (7.3%). Note: This chart excludes three HBD fatal crashes where time of day was unknown. 12:00-2:59P 3:00-5:59P 6:00-8:59P 9:00-11:59P 0 s Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 79

ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT IN INJURY CRASHES Alcohol involvement in injury crashes is an important indicator of the alcohol impaired driving problem. In, the highest number of HBD injury crashes occurred in July with 388. The highest proportion of HBD injury crashes also occurred in July with 8.3 percent of the injury crashes involving alcohol. HBD Injury Crashes by Month 300 6,000 HBD Injury Crashes 200 4,000 100 2,000 Injury Crashes 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D s A Injury - HBD 45 60 61 59 68 93 80 78 75 66 57 60 802 B Injury - HBD 91 86 116 102 140 124 152 146 138 104 127 113 1,439 C Injury - HBD 136 132 123 133 168 154 156 153 127 160 132 166 1,740 Injury Crashes 4,374 3,877 3,786 3,600 4,732 4,681 4,661 4,645 4,244 4,666 3,964 4,455 51,685 Alcohol-related Injuries by Month 400 8,000 Alcohol-related Injuries 300 6,000 200 4,000 100 2,000 Injuries 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D s A Injury - Alc-rel. 56 71 75 66 89 123 112 104 90 87 82 84 1,039 B Injury - Alc-rel. 110 124 153 123 187 175 208 184 190 126 169 144 1,893 C Injury - Alc-rel. 202 178 184 177 243 228 230 242 195 218 208 238 2,543 Injuries 5,770 5,216 5,206 4,963 6,408 6,517 6,500 6,431 5,814 6,271 5,418 6,004 70,518 Note: An alcohol-related injury is any person injured in an HBD crash. 80 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

HBD Injury Crashes by Day of Week 500 10,000 HBD Injury Crashes 400 8,000 300 6,000 200 4,000 100 2,000 Injury Crashes 0 0 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun s A Injury - HBD 76 74 78 80 113 201 180 802 B Injury - HBD 117 128 153 147 231 347 316 1,439 C Injury - HBD 175 165 161 187 306 380 366 1,740 Injury Crashes 7,281 7,237 7,288 7,614 9,293 7,141 5,831 51,685 HBD injury crashes follow the same basic trends as total crashes during the work week, but the weekend sees a dramatic increase in the proportion of HBD injury crashes to total injury crashes. HBD Injury Crashes by Time of Day 750 15,000 HBD Injury Crashes 600 12,000 450 9,000 300 6,000 150 3,000 Injury Crashes 0 0 12:00-2:59A 3:00-5:59A 6:00-8:59A 9:00-11:59A A Injury - HBD B Injury - HBD C Injury - HBD Injury Crashes 232 399 460 2,783 101 193 210 1,842 30 57 59 5,851 19 28 46 6,577 28 49 94 9,809 86 129 185 12,845 119 252 310 7,500 187 330 372 4,457 802 1,437 1,736 51,664 injury crash frequencies peak in the hours between 3:00 PM and 5:59 PM, while HBD injury crash frequencies peak between midnight and 2:59 AM (a particularly hazardous travel period). These frequencies exclude 21 injury crashes (including six HBD injury crashes) where time of day was unknown. 12:00-2:59P 3:00-5:59P 6:00-8:59P 9:00-11:59P s Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 81

MALE DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Male Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under 185 0.1 1 0.1 8 21 30 125 14 years 77 0.0 1 0.1 7 11 15 43 15 years 269 0.1 1 0.1 6 35 47 180 16 years 3,857 1.7 13 1.4 56 214 511 3,063 17 years 5,473 2.4 12 1.3 113 311 665 4,372 18 years 6,747 2.9 23 2.5 122 408 959 5,235 19 years 6,766 2.9 28 3.0 127 435 914 5,262 20 years 6,754 2.9 18 1.9 143 393 969 5,231 21-24 years 23,997 10.3 105 11.2 497 1,503 3,212 18,680 25-34 years 41,980 18.1 163 17.4 824 2,259 5,636 33,098 35-44 years 37,562 16.2 145 15.5 667 1,767 4,882 30,101 45-54 years 40,478 17.4 148 15.8 783 1,935 5,317 32,295 55-64 years 30,909 13.3 140 15.0 558 1,558 4,126 24,527 65-69 years 9,146 3.9 43 4.6 200 470 1,199 7,234 70-74 years 5,821 2.5 33 3.5 99 268 761 4,660 75-79 years 3,934 1.7 21 2.2 74 216 545 3,078 80-84 years 2,660 1.1 24 2.6 61 169 374 2,032 85-89 years 1,412 0.6 8 0.9 31 123 198 1,052 90 years and over 442 0.2 8 0.9 13 30 60 331 Unknown 4,006 1.7 1 0.1 27 110 519 3,349 232,475 100.0 936 100.0 4,416 12,236 30,939 183,948 NOTE: This table excludes 33,950 drivers of unknown gender. The male driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. 82 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MALE DRINKING DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRINKING DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Male Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 1 0 0 14 years 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 3 15 years 8 0.1 0 0.0 1 3 1 3 16 years 24 0.3 1 0.5 5 2 1 15 17 years 53 0.7 1 0.5 7 8 3 34 18 years 163 2.2 3 1.4 17 27 27 89 19 years 207 2.9 7 3.4 22 32 30 116 20 years 226 3.1 3 1.4 13 32 38 140 21-24 years 1,377 19.0 48 23.2 111 193 226 799 25-34 years 1,967 27.1 55 26.6 160 305 327 1,120 35-44 years 1,211 16.7 41 19.8 99 183 205 683 45-54 years 1,113 15.4 30 14.5 99 135 203 646 55-64 years 632 8.7 11 5.3 49 105 112 355 65-69 years 137 1.9 6 2.9 15 22 24 70 70-74 years 53 0.7 0 0.0 5 5 12 31 75-79 years 30 0.4 1 0.5 3 5 8 13 80-84 years 9 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 1 8 85-89 years 5 0.1 0 0.0 1 0 1 3 90 years and over 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 2 Unknown 29 0.4 0 0.0 0 2 5 22 7,250 100.0 207 100.0 607 1,060 1,224 4,152 NOTE: This table excludes 40 unknown gender drinking drivers. The male drinking driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 83

FEMALE DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Female Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under 98 0.1 0 0.0 5 9 9 75 14 years 54 0.0 0 0.0 4 5 9 36 15 years 237 0.1 1 0.3 8 13 54 161 16 years 3,510 1.8 4 1.1 49 225 495 2,737 17 years 4,719 2.5 8 2.2 73 271 730 3,637 18 years 5,651 2.9 11 3.0 86 323 915 4,316 19 years 5,872 3.0 5 1.4 93 327 922 4,525 20 years 5,951 3.1 12 3.3 96 289 939 4,615 21-24 years 21,383 11.1 48 13.0 294 1,106 3,351 16,584 25-34 years 36,640 19.0 62 16.8 532 1,740 5,882 28,424 35-44 years 33,090 17.2 52 14.1 441 1,387 5,223 25,987 45-54 years 32,276 16.8 60 16.3 405 1,341 5,048 25,422 55-64 years 23,473 12.2 46 12.5 345 1,076 3,671 18,335 65-69 years 6,614 3.4 21 5.7 96 290 989 5,218 70-74 years 4,365 2.3 16 4.3 82 228 696 3,343 75-79 years 2,933 1.5 6 1.6 55 151 442 2,279 80-84 years 2,230 1.2 8 2.2 34 145 345 1,698 85-89 years 1,120 0.6 5 1.4 15 77 188 835 90 years and over 359 0.2 3 0.8 10 16 77 253 Unknown 2,030 1.1 0 0.0 12 41 215 1,762 192,605 100.0 368 100.0 2,735 9,060 30,200 150,242 NOTE: This table excludes 33,950 drivers of unknown gender. The female driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. 84 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

FEMALE DRINKING DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRINKING DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Female Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 14 years 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 15 years 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 16 years 11 0.4 0 0.0 1 1 1 8 17 years 14 0.5 1 2.9 0 0 3 10 18 years 54 2.1 2 5.7 1 11 6 34 19 years 79 3.1 1 2.9 8 13 12 45 20 years 79 3.1 0 0.0 7 10 12 50 21-24 years 506 19.7 6 17.1 38 81 82 299 25-34 years 721 28.1 9 25.7 48 98 132 434 35-44 years 511 19.9 7 20.0 31 46 102 325 45-54 years 391 15.3 4 11.4 19 39 76 253 55-64 years 139 5.4 2 5.7 5 11 26 95 65-69 years 27 1.1 3 8.6 0 3 5 16 70-74 years 13 0.5 0 0.0 0 0 2 11 75-79 years 4 0.2 0 0.0 1 1 0 2 80-84 years 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0 0 4 85-89 years 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 1 1 90 years and over 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 Unknown 7 0.3 0 0.0 0 0 1 6 2,563 100.0 35 100.0 159 314 461 1,594 NOTE: This table excludes 40 unknown gender drinking drivers. The female drinking driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 85

TRAFFIC FATALITIES WITH DRINKING INVOLVEMENT BY COUNTY 1/1 KEWEENAW HOUGHTON 0/2 GOGEBIC 1/0 ONTONAGON 0/1 IRON 1/2 BARAGA 0/1 MARQUETTE 5/0 DICKINSON 3/2 ALGER 1/0 DELTA 0/0 SCHOOLCRAFT 0/2 LUCE 0/0 MACKINAC 0/1 CHIPPEWA 0/2 2/0 MENOMINEE Where HBD Traffic Fatalities Occurred A One-Year Year-on-Year Comparison HBD Fatalities = 281 / 2011 = 274 Same or decrease Increase MASON 1/1 2/0 LEELANAU BENZIE 3/0 MANISTEE 1/1 LAKE 1/0 OCEANA 1/0 NEWAYGO 2/2 2/8 MUSKEGON OTTAWA 6/6 ALLEGAN 8/7 GRAND TRAVERSE 2/2 WEXFORD 1/4 OSCEOLA 0/1 MECOSTA 2/2 EMMET 0/0 CHEBOYGAN 1/2 CHARLEVOIX 0/0 ANTRIM 3/1 KALKASKA 1/2 MISSAUKEE 0/0 MONTCALM 6/3 KENT 15/11 IONIA 1/1 BARRY 3/5 CLARE 2/0 ISABELLA 0/2 EATON 4/2 OTSEGO 1/1 CRAWFORD 0/0 ROS- COMMON 1/0 GRATIOT 0/2 CLINTON 1/2 GLADWIN 0/0 MIDLAND 3/4 INGHAM 5/7 0/0 PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY 1/1 OSCODA 0/1 OGEMAW 0/1 ARENAC 1/2 BAY 11/8 SAGINAW 8/4 SHIA- WASSEE 0/2 ALPENA 0/0 ALCONA 1/0 IOSCO 2/3 GENESEE 12/8 LIVINGSTON 6/8 TUSCOLA 5/0 LAPEER 1/4 OAKLAND 15/25 HURON 1/0 SANILAC 1/1 ST. CLAIR 8/7 MACOMB 15/15 VAN BUREN 4/3 KALAMAZOO 7/10 CALHOUN 6/3 JACKSON 8/6 WASHTENAW 3/13 WAYNE 31/29 6/8 CASS BERRIEN 5/1 ST. JOSEPH 4/3 BRANCH 2/1 HILLSDALE 6/0 LENAWEE 4/3 MONROE 14/11 86 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

COUNTY RANKING BY HBD FATAL CRASH RATE.4515 KEWEENAW HOUGHTON.0000 GOGEBIC.0622 ONTONAGON.0000 BARAGA.0000 IRON.0863 MARQUETTE.0736 DICKINSON.1144 ALGER.1048 DELTA.0000 SCHOOLCRAFT.0000 LUCE.0000 MACKINAC.0000 CHIPPEWA.0000.0840 MENOMINEE.0926 LEELANAU BENZIE.1718 GRAND TRAVERSE.0224 EMMET.0000 CHEBOYGAN.0387 CHARLEVOIX.0000 ANTRIM.0854 KALKASKA.0585 OTSEGO.0416 CRAWFORD.0000.0000 PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY.1055 OSCODA.0000 ALPENA.0000 ALCONA.0940 MANISTEE.0405 WEXFORD.0307 MISSAUKEE.0000 ROS- COMMON.0415 OGEMAW.0000 IOSCO.0789 HBD Fatal Crash Rates HBD Fatal Crash Rates State average: 0.0263 State per average: 1,000 residents 0.0263 At or below average Above average Counties shaded in orange have HBD fatal crash rates above the state average. This means that these counties experienced a higher number of HBD fatal crashes per 1,000 residents than the state average of 0.0263. MASON.0349 LAKE.0870 OCEANA.0380 NEWAYGO.0417.0118 MUSKEGON OTTAWA.0223 ALLEGAN.0625 OSCEOLA.0000 MECOSTA.0462 MONTCALM.0792 KENT.0212 IONIA.0156 BARRY.0509 VAN BUREN.0265 KALAMAZOO.0236 CLARE.0650 ISABELLA.0000 EATON.0278 CALHOUN.0370 GRATIOT.0000 CLINTON.0132 GLADWIN.0000 MIDLAND.0358 INGHAM.0177 JACKSON.0437 ARENAC.0646 BAY.0935 SAGINAW.0403 SHIA- WASSEE.0000 GENESEE.0287 LIVINGSTON.0328 WASHTENAW.0085 TUSCOLA.0915 LAPEER.0113 OAKLAND.0115 WAYNE.0156 HURON.0308 SANILAC.0237 ST. CLAIR.0498 MACOMB.0153 CASS.0320.0957 BERRIEN ST. JOSEPH.0658 BRANCH.0456 HILLSDALE.1082 LENAWEE.0404 MONROE.0861 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 87

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Deer

MICHIGAN MOTOR VEHICLE-DEER INVOLVED CRASHES Michigan motorists reported 48,918 vehicle-deer crashes in. As a result of those collisions, 1,329 people were injured and eight people were killed. Three of the eight people killed were motorcycle riders, one was a passenger car driver, two were passengers, one was a small truck driver, and one was a moped driver. Of the 49,119 vehicles involved, 36,634 (74.6%) were passenger cars, 8,580 (17.5%) were pickups, and 2,258 (4.6%) were minivans, vans, or motorhomes. All other vehicle types (including motorcycle, snowmobile, ORV/ATV, large truck, moped) totaled 1,647 (3.6%). Motor vehicle-deer crashes occurred most often in Michigan s heavily populated southern counties; Oakland County had the highest number with 1,683 in, replacing Kent County (the county with the highest number for the last three years). 53 KEWEENAW HOUGHTON 339 GOGEBIC 102 ONTONAGON 272 IRON 388 BARAGA 205 MARQUETTE 431 DICKINSON 518 ALGER 120 DELTA 613 SCHOOLCRAFT 214 LUCE 118 MACKINAC 257 CHIPPEWA 382 546 MENOMINEE 349 LEELANAU BENZIE 286 GRAND TRAVERSE 559 EMMET 519 CHEBOYGAN 505 CHARLEVOIX 498 ANTRIM 402 KALKASKA 227 OTSEGO 231 CRAWFORD 274 363 PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY 200 OSCODA 141 ALPENA 341 ALCONA 375 MANISTEE 442 WEXFORD 469 MISSAUKEE 382 ROS- COMMON 296 OGEMAW 444 IOSCO 188 Vehicle-Deer Crashes 0-299 300-599 600-999 1,000-1,499 1,500 + MASON 677 LAKE 243 OCEANA 491 NEWAYGO 578 514 MUSKEGON OTTAWA 1,013 ALLEGAN 956 VAN BUREN 547 OSCEOLA 630 MECOSTA 852 MONTCALM 1,182 KENT 1,572 IONIA 630 BARRY 734 KALAMAZOO 933 CLARE 458 ISABELLA 989 EATON 1000 CALHOUN 997 GRATIOT 914 CLINTON 1,032 GLADWIN 413 MIDLAND 848 INGHAM 1,065 JACKSON 1,281 ARENAC 363 BAY 390 SAGINAW 874 SHIA- WASSEE 769 GENESEE 995 LIVINGSTON 669 WASHTENAW 925 TUSCOLA 903 LAPEER 1,175 OAKLAND 1,683 WAYNE 412 HURON 1,082 SANILAC 999 MACOMB 479 ST. CLAIR 702 728 CASS BERRIEN 424 ST. JOSEPH 472 BRANCH 673 HILLSDALE 687 LENAWEE 580 MONROE 336 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 91

LIGHT CONDITION AND TIME OF DAY IN MOTOR VEHICLE-DEER CRASHES LIGHT CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Daylight 11,311 23.1 4 50.0 34 155 228 10,890 Dawn 4,427 9.0 0 0.0 7 28 54 4,338 Dusk 2,354 4.8 0 0.0 8 16 34 2,296 Dark Lighted 1,744 3.6 0 0.0 2 9 23 1,710 Dark Unlighted 28,321 57.9 4 50.0 62 152 382 27,721 Other/Unknown 761 1.6 0 0.0 0 0 3 758 48,918 100.0 8 100.0 113 360 724 47,713 Time and Severity of Motor Vehicle - Deer Crashes 8 16,000 All Crashes 12,000 8,000 4,000 6 4 2 Fatal Crashes 0 Midnight - 2:59 AM 3:00 AM - 5:59 AM 6:00 AM - 8:59 AM 9:00 AM - 11:59 AM Noon - 2:59 PM 3:00 PM - 5:59 PM 6:00 PM - 8:59 PM 9:00 PM - 11:59 PM 0 s All Crashes 3,363 4,745 11,113 2,538 1,906 3,748 12,259 9,232 48,904 Fatal Crashes 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 8 NOTE: Time and Severity chart excludes 14 crashes where time of day is unknown. 25.1 percent (12,259) of reported vehicle-deer collisions occurred during the 6:00 PM to 8:59 PM time period. 92 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MONTHLY AND SEASONAL RATES FOR MOTOR VEHICLE-DEER CRASHES MONTH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Fatal A B C Crashes January 4,147 8.5 0 0.0 3 11 36 4,097 February 3,198 6.5 0 0.0 3 13 39 3,143 March 2,650 5.4 1 12.5 7 11 43 2,588 April 2,658 5.4 0 0.0 5 28 42 2,583 May 3,430 7.0 1 12.5 17 37 64 3,311 June 3,659 7.5 1 12.5 23 43 78 3,514 July 2,491 5.1 0 0.0 9 50 56 2,376 August 2,089 4.3 1 12.5 8 32 41 2,007 September 3,758 7.7 0 0.0 13 30 53 3,662 October 6,999 14.3 2 25.0 16 36 114 6,831 November 9,270 19.0 2 25.0 9 53 110 9,096 December 4,569 9.3 0 0.0 0 16 48 4,505 48,918 100.0 8 100.0 113 360 724 47,713 Motor Vehicle - Deer Crashes 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 20,838 10,000 5,000 9,995 9,747 8,338 0 Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 42.6 percent (20,838) of reported vehicle-deer collisions occurred during the fourth quarter of the year. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 93

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Crash

ALL CRASHES INJURY SEVERITY BY MONTH Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 97

CRASH EXPERIENCE BY ROADWAY TYPE The table below provides a breakdown of estimated vehicle mileage, crashes, deaths, death rates (deaths per 100 million vehicle miles), and crash rates (crashes per 100 million vehicle miles) for the major roadway types in Michigan. All rates are highest on U.S. & Michigan roads, and lowest on interstate routes. estimated mileage figures were provided by the Michigan Department of Transportation [11]. STATEWIDE Estimated Mileage (Billions) All Crashes Injury Crashes Deaths Crash Rate Injury Crash Rate Death Rate Interstate Routes 29.3 32,254 6,501 106 110.1 22.2 0.4 U.S. & Michigan Roads 20.1 78,136 14,771 277 388.7 73.5 1.4 County & City Roads 44.9 163,501 30,413 553 364.1 67.7 1.2 94.3 273,891 51,685 936 290.4 54.8 1.0 Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles 500 Death Rate 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 400 300 200 100 0 Injury and Crash Rates 0.0 Interstate U.S. & Michigan County & Local Death Rate Injury Crash Rate Crash Rate 98 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

CRASH TYPE CRASH TYPE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Single Vehicle 101,599 37.1 447 51.4 2,028 5,359 8,456 85,309 Head On 3,125 1.1 99 11.4 236 375 619 1,796 Head On - Left Turn 5,958 2.2 44 5.1 249 716 1,536 3,413 Angle 42,153 15.4 154 17.7 926 2,932 7,407 30,734 Rear End 67,568 24.7 51 5.9 534 2,149 11,360 53,474 Rear End - Left Turn 2,797 1.0 8 0.9 48 143 507 2,091 Rear End - Right Turn 2,807 1.0 0 0.0 10 49 352 2,396 Sideswipe - Same Direction 26,787 9.8 17 2.0 140 500 1,656 24,474 Sideswipe - Opposite Direct 4,965 1.8 7 0.8 59 185 444 4,270 Other/Unknown 16,132 5.9 43 4.9 310 791 1,609 13,379 273,891 100.0 870 100.0 4,540 13,199 33,946 221,336 The Single Vehicle crash type produces the highest number of fatal crashes (51.4%). Single Vehicle crashes include rollovers, which are a particularly deadly crash type. Rear End-Turning crashes produce the lowest number of fatal crashes (0.9%). RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes On Road 231,205 84.4 566 65.1 3,204 9,799 28,117 189,519 Median 2,116 0.8 10 1.1 43 161 310 1,592 Shoulder 11,764 4.3 51 5.9 299 784 1,501 9,129 Outside of Shoulder/Curb 23,475 8.6 202 23.2 858 2,079 3,298 17,038 Gore 1,143 0.4 12 1.4 32 75 163 861 Other/Unknown 4,188 1.5 29 3.3 104 301 557 3,197 273,891 100.0 870 100.0 4,540 13,199 33,946 221,336 Crashes that happen outside of the normal driving lanes are overrepresented in the fatal count. Only 8.6 percent of crashes occur outside the shoulder of the road, but these crashes account for 23.2 percent of the fatal crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 99

TIME AND SEVERITY TIME OF DAY All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Midnight - 2:59 AM 13,828 5.0 109 12.5 392 922 1,469 10,936 3:00 AM - 5:59 AM 11,749 4.3 64 7.4 241 571 1,030 9,843 6:00 AM - 8:59 AM 38,425 14.0 82 9.4 453 1,388 4,010 32,492 9:00 AM - 11:59 AM 33,343 12.2 82 9.4 516 1,558 4,503 26,684 Noon - 2:59 PM 45,308 16.5 134 15.4 752 2,318 6,739 35,365 3:00 PM - 5:59 PM 61,481 22.4 137 15.7 983 3,064 8,798 48,499 6:00 PM - 8:59 PM 43,201 15.8 120 13.8 695 2,044 4,761 35,581 9:00 PM - 11:59 PM 26,297 9.6 139 16.0 504 1,329 2,624 21,701 Unknown 259 0.1 3 0.3 4 5 12 235 273,891 100.0 870 100.0 4,540 13,199 33,946 221,336 Crash frequencies peak in the late afternoon, then drop off steadily until 5:59 AM (the morning rush hour). Fatal crash frequencies rise with the frequency of other crashes, but continue at a high rate well into the early morning hours. There are proportionally more fatal crashes during the midnight to 2:59 AM time period. 100 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DAY OF WEEK DAY OF WEEK All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Monday 39,104 14.3 111 12.8 605 1,775 4,901 31,712 Tuesday 38,886 14.2 113 13.0 611 1,715 4,911 31,536 Wednesday 39,616 14.5 90 10.3 551 1,851 4,886 32,238 Thursday 40,914 14.9 96 11.0 617 1,978 5,019 33,204 Friday 49,394 18.0 154 17.7 755 2,215 6,323 39,947 Saturday 36,414 13.3 152 17.5 747 1,944 4,450 29,121 Sunday 29,563 10.8 154 17.7 654 1,721 3,456 23,578 273,891 100.0 870 100.0 4,540 13,199 33,946 221,336 Crash frequencies were higher Monday through Friday than on the weekend. Friday (17.7%) and Sunday (17.7%) had the highest number of fatal crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 101

ROAD CONDITION ROAD SURFACE CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Dry 196,176 71.6 683 78.5 3,553 10,237 24,714 156,989 Wet 40,556 14.8 122 14.0 572 1,722 5,573 32,567 Icy 15,297 5.6 25 2.9 189 542 1,685 12,856 Snowy 14,387 5.3 24 2.8 145 426 1,337 12,455 Muddy 423 0.2 1 0.1 13 39 49 321 Slushy 3,209 1.2 9 1.0 34 138 428 2,600 Debris 200 0.1 1 0.1 8 26 26 139 Other/Unknown 3,643 1.3 5 0.6 26 69 134 3,409 273,891 100.0 870 100.0 4,540 13,199 33,946 221,336 Most crashes (71.6%) and most fatal crashes (78.5%) occur on dry roads. 102 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

WEATHER CONDITION WEATHER CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Clear 159,417 58.2 537 61.7 2,914 8,476 19,994 127,496 Cloudy 63,678 23.2 204 23.4 1,007 2,826 8,007 51,634 Fog/Smoke 1,985 0.7 16 1.8 43 87 206 1,633 Rain 22,671 8.3 69 7.9 334 1,022 3,233 18,013 Snow/Blowing Snow 20,733 7.6 34 3.9 208 664 2,187 17,640 Severe Wind 932 0.3 4 0.5 8 42 82 796 Sleet/Hail 778 0.3 3 0.3 11 24 96 644 Other/Unknown 3,697 1.3 3 0.3 15 58 141 3,480 273,891 100.0 870 100.0 4,540 13,199 33,946 221,336 Most crashes occur in clear weather conditions. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 103

LIGHT CONDITION LIGHT CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Daylight 168,248 61.4 439 50.5 2,829 8,696 24,056 132,228 Dawn 9,468 3.5 8 0.9 101 285 746 8,328 Dusk 7,474 2.7 24 2.8 119 306 768 6,257 Dark Lighted 31,983 11.7 153 17.6 632 1,838 4,577 24,783 Dark Unlighted 53,976 19.7 243 27.9 847 2,044 3,730 47,112 Other/Unknown 2,742 1.0 3 0.3 12 30 69 2,628 s 273,891 100.0 870 100.0 4,540 13,199 33,946 221,336 The majority (61.4%) of all crashes happen during daylight hours. Darkened conditions create the greatest hazard, as they are overrepresented in fatal crashes. 104 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

INTERSECTION CRASHES BY TRAFFIC CONTROL TYPE TRAFFIC CONTROL TYPE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Signal 40,206 49.4 83 36.6 626 2,301 7,371 29,825 Stop Sign 18,385 22.6 81 35.7 502 1,369 3,118 13,315 Yield Sign 1,730 2.1 5 2.2 21 89 242 1,373 None of These 20,408 25.1 57 25.1 363 1,183 2,997 15,808 Unknown 648 0.8 1 0.4 11 32 105 499 81,377 100.0 227 100.0 1,523 4,974 13,833 60,820 Intersections with stop signs are overrepresented in fatal crashes. Driver perception, awareness, and adherence to traffic control signing are all key factors in crashes at intersections. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 105

CONSTRUCTION ZONE CRASHES CONSTRUCTION ZONE TYPE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C Construction/Maintenance Subtotal Subtotal Indicates roadway construction, maintenance, or repair. The building, maintenance, or repair of the road itself and roadway-related features (e.g., overhead signs, signals). Activity - On Road Lane Closed 1,805 48.9 6 50.0 8 67 260 1,464 Lane Open 682 18.5 5 41.7 9 29 81 558 Unknown Lane Closure 11 0.3 0 0.0 0 2 0 9 Activity - Off Road Lane Closed 147 4.0 0 0.0 1 7 27 112 Lane Open 181 4.9 0 0.0 1 6 17 157 Unknown Lane Closure 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 Activity - None Lane Closed 421 11.4 1 8.3 6 19 53 342 Lane Open 428 11.6 0 0.0 7 13 55 353 Unknown Lane Closure 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 1 1 Activity - Unknown Lane Closed 4 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 0 4 Lane Open 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 0 2 Unknown Lane Closure 6 0.2 0 0.0 0 0 1 5 Subtotal 3,689 100.0 12 100.0 32 143 495 3,007 Utility Indicates work on facilities other than the roadway such as telephone, electrical, cable television, water, or sewer. Activity - On Road Lane Closed 51 6.0 0 0.0 1 2 6 42 Lane Open 398 46.5 1 50.0 8 12 65 312 Unknown Lane Closure 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 Activity - Off Road Lane Closed 15 1.8 0 0.0 0 0 6 9 Lane Open 51 6.0 0 0.0 0 0 7 44 Unknown Lane Closure 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 Activity - None Lane Closed 17 2.0 0 0.0 1 0 2 14 Lane Open 321 37.5 1 50.0 2 10 46 262 Unknown Lane Closure 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 Activity - Unknown Lane Closed 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 0 1 Lane Open 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 Unknown Lane Closure 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal 855 100.0 2 100.0 12 24 132 685 Unknown Type / Unknown Lane Closure / Activity None Subtotal 2,624 3 55 110 278 2,178 7,168 17 99 277 905 5,870 106 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

Vehicle/ Driver

VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT Vehicle Type MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN VEHICLE Motor Vehicles Fatal Crash Injury PDO Fatality in Veh Injury No Crash Crash Injury of Vehicles Passenger Car and Station Wagon 354,758 77.3 834 61.7 71,251 282,673 459 62.0 44,566 309,733 Van and Motorhome 21,254 4.6 59 4.4 4,557 16,638 20 2.7 2,603 18,631 Pickup 51,546 11.2 187 13.8 9,224 42,135 87 11.8 4,737 46,722 Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) 7,873 1.7 26 1.9 1,622 6,225 15 2.0 915 6,943 Motorcycle 3,600 0.8 132 9.8 2,660 808 124 16.8 2,628 848 Moped 477 0.1 8 0.6 383 86 8 1.1 376 93 Go Cart 24 0.0 2 0.1 10 12 2 0.3 8 14 Snowmobile 120 0.0 5 0.4 83 32 5 0.7 77 38 Off-Road Vehicle 275 0.1 8 0.6 225 42 8 1.1 216 51 Other 1,756 0.4 6 0.4 320 1,430 2 0.3 146 1,608 Unknown 7,627 1.7 8 0.6 690 6,929 0 0.0 27 7,600 CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) 9,720 2.1 77 5.7 1,792 7,851 10 1.4 477 9,233 of Vehicles 459,030 100.0 1,352 100.0 92,817 364,861 740 100.0 56,776 401,514 Special Note: School bus is not recorded on the UD-10 and cannot be broken out of CDL Truck/Bus. CDL Truck/Bus Motor Vehicles Fatal Crash Injury PDO Fatality in Veh Injury No Sub-category Type Crash Crash Injury of Vehicles Commercial Vehicle: Group A 5,979 61.5 50 64.9 1,095 4,834 9 90.0 259 5,711 Commercial Vehicle: Group B 2,220 22.8 17 22.1 459 1,744 0 0.0 154 2,066 Commercial Vehicle: Group C 349 3.6 3 3.9 60 286 0 0.0 27 322 Other Truck 757 7.8 6 7.8 138 613 1 10.0 31 725 Unknown Truck 415 4.3 1 1.3 40 374 0 0.0 6 409 of Vehicles 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 7,851 10 100.0 477 9,233 Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 109

VEHICLE TYPES IN CRASHES BY CRASH SEVERITY The top chart shows that 75.5 percent of vehicles involved in fatal crashes are automobiles or pickups. Van/minivan/motorhome has a fatal crash involvement of 4.4 percent. Motorcycles have a fatal crash involvement of 9.8 percent. Special Note: "Other" consists of moped, go-cart, snowmobile, off-road vehicle, other, and unknown. As with fatal crashes, injury and property damage only (PDO) crashes are represented primarily by automobiles and pickups. 110 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH DRIVER ACTION Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Going straight ahead 244,904 53.4 1,006 4,855 13,222 33,569 192,252 Turning left 30,928 6.7 93 687 2,299 5,211 22,638 Turning right 12,635 2.8 7 114 505 1,257 10,752 Stopped on roadway 50,120 10.9 48 482 1,967 9,404 38,219 In prior crash 495 0.1 4 10 35 110 336 Changing lanes 12,167 2.7 22 100 327 1,005 10,713 Backing 10,276 2.2 7 29 86 283 9,871 Slowing/stopping on roadway 42,266 9.2 32 318 1,339 6,817 33,760 Slowing/stopping other 550 0.1 0 6 21 100 423 Starting up on roadway 9,438 2.1 13 135 451 1,534 7,305 Starting up other 178 0.0 0 3 13 24 138 Entering parking 464 0.1 0 1 10 30 423 Leaving parking 1,262 0.3 2 9 56 153 1,042 Entering roadway 5,471 1.2 11 96 309 808 4,247 Leaving roadway 735 0.2 11 32 60 111 521 Making U-turn 830 0.2 0 21 64 119 626 Overtaking or passing 2,705 0.6 29 76 174 280 2,146 Avoiding object 631 0.1 1 16 60 79 475 Avoiding animal 964 0.2 2 26 81 111 744 Avoiding pedestrian 98 0.0 6 8 18 20 46 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 3,244 0.7 14 90 246 525 2,369 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 1,425 0.3 7 37 118 228 1,035 Driverless moving 201 0.0 0 3 8 9 181 Parked 16,472 3.6 20 133 387 825 15,107 Crossing at intersection 20 0.0 0 0 2 6 12 Crossing not at intersection 8 0.0 0 0 1 1 6 Getting on/off vehicle 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 In roadway with traffic 5 0.0 0 0 2 0 3 In roadway against traffic 5 0.0 0 0 1 0 4 Standing or lying in roadway 1 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 Pushing/working on vehicle 6 0.0 0 1 2 1 2 Other working in roadway 13 0.0 0 0 2 0 11 Playing in roadway 1 0.0 0 0 0 0 1 In roadway other reason 5 0.0 1 0 1 0 3 Not in roadway 26 0.0 0 0 2 9 15 Other 583 0.1 1 14 35 75 458 Unknown 9,898 2.2 15 87 211 609 8,976 459,030 100.0 1,352 7,389 22,115 63,313 364,861 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 111

ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH (continued) MOTORCYCLIST ACTION MOTORCYCLIST INJURY SEVERITY Motorcycles Motorcyclists Fatality Injury No of Motorcycles of Motorcyclists A B C Going straight ahead 2,414 67.1 2,658 67.3 104 505 916 609 499 Turning left 144 4.0 162 4.1 1 22 46 37 51 Turning right 123 3.4 134 3.4 2 13 42 37 39 Stopped on roadway 169 4.7 179 4.5 3 9 22 50 94 In prior crash 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Changing lanes 66 1.8 73 1.8 4 11 24 15 17 Backing 4 0.1 4 0.1 0 0 2 0 1 Slowing/stopping on roadway 220 6.1 239 6.1 5 26 70 68 69 Slowing/stopping other 3 0.1 4 0.1 0 1 1 0 2 Starting up on roadway 44 1.2 50 1.3 0 4 14 13 18 Starting up other 3 0.1 4 0.1 0 0 2 1 1 Entering parking 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Leaving parking 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 Entering roadway 17 0.5 17 0.4 0 2 6 4 5 Leaving roadway 12 0.3 13 0.3 0 2 4 4 3 Making U-turn 8 0.2 11 0.3 0 2 6 2 1 Overtaking or passing 79 2.2 88 2.2 8 18 31 12 13 Avoiding object 23 0.6 24 0.6 0 2 12 5 5 Avoiding animal 21 0.6 23 0.6 0 4 8 6 5 Avoiding pedestrian 3 0.1 3 0.1 0 0 1 1 1 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 97 2.7 102 2.6 1 11 52 26 12 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 59 1.6 67 1.7 1 14 26 19 7 Driverless moving 3 0.1 3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 Parked 44 1.2 45 1.1 0 0 2 1 7 Crossing at intersection 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0 1 0 1 Crossing not at intersection 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Getting on/off vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 In roadway with traffic 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 In roadway against traffic 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Standing or lying in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Pushing/working on vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Other working in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Playing in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 In roadway other reason 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Not in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 10 0.3 10 0.3 0 1 3 4 2 Unknown 31 0.9 32 0.8 0 8 4 5 5 3,600 100.0 3,948 100.0 129 655 1,295 920 858 This table includes 91 motorcyclists (drivers and passengers) with unknown injury severity Injury 112 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH (continued) BICYCLIST ACTION of Bicycles BICYCLIST - INJURY SEVERITY Bicycles Bicyclists Fatality Injury No of A B C Injury Bicyclists Going straight ahead 1,199 60.5 1,199 60.5 13 89 386 488 182 Turning left 44 2.2 44 2.2 1 7 15 10 11 Turning right 15 0.8 15 0.8 0 5 7 2 1 Stopped on roadway 9 0.5 9 0.5 0 1 1 5 2 In prior crash 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Changing lanes 16 0.8 16 0.8 0 3 2 7 4 Backing 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Slowing/stopping on roadway 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0 2 0 0 Slowing/stopping other 5 0.3 5 0.3 0 0 2 2 0 Starting up on roadway 12 0.6 12 0.6 0 5 4 1 2 Starting up other 3 0.2 3 0.2 0 1 2 0 0 Entering parking 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Leaving parking 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0 0 0 2 Entering roadway 111 5.6 111 5.6 1 15 34 44 13 Leaving roadway 3 0.2 3 0.2 0 0 1 1 1 Making U-turn 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0 0 2 0 Overtaking or passing 5 0.3 5 0.3 0 0 3 1 0 Avoiding object 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Avoiding animal 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Avoiding pedestrian 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 1 0.1 1 0.1 0 0 0 1 0 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 5 0.3 5 0.3 0 0 2 3 0 Driverless moving 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Parked 1 0.1 1 0.1 0 0 1 0 0 Crossing at intersection 341 17.2 341 17.2 1 23 122 137 54 Crossing not at intersection 76 3.8 76 3.8 1 8 25 28 10 Getting on/off vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 In roadway with traffic 33 1.7 33 1.7 1 5 9 15 2 In roadway against traffic 26 1.3 26 1.3 0 3 9 11 3 Standing or lying in roadway 1 0.1 1 0.1 0 0 0 1 0 Pushing/working on vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Other working in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Playing in roadway 4 0.2 4 0.2 0 1 0 2 1 In roadway other reason 11 0.6 11 0.6 0 2 3 4 2 Not in roadway 7 0.4 7 0.4 0 1 2 2 1 Other 25 1.3 25 1.3 0 1 8 11 4 Unknown 22 1.1 22 1.1 2 1 5 4 2 1,981 100.0 1,981 100.0 20 171 645 782 297 Includes 66 bicyclists with unknown injury severity Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 113

ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH (continued) PEDESTRIAN ACTION PEDESTRIAN - INJURY SEVERITY Pedestrians Fatality Injury No of Pedestrians A B C Injury Going straight ahead 108 4.5 2 11 20 48 24 Turning left 2 0.1 0 0 0 0 2 Turning right 1 0.0 0 0 1 0 0 Stopped on roadway 8 0.3 1 0 2 2 2 In prior crash 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Changing lanes 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Backing 1 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 Slowing/stopping on roadway 1 0.0 0 1 0 0 0 Slowing/stopping other 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Starting up on roadway 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Starting up other 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Entering parking 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Leaving parking 1 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 Entering roadway 24 1.0 1 6 7 9 0 Leaving roadway 1 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 Making U-turn 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Overtaking or passing 5 0.2 0 0 2 2 0 Avoiding object 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Avoiding animal 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Avoiding pedestrian 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 3 0.1 0 0 0 1 2 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Driverless moving 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Parked 1 0.0 0 0 0 1 0 Crossing at intersection 797 33.2 14 82 217 371 102 Crossing not at intersection 550 22.9 48 102 159 200 28 Getting on/off vehicle 26 1.1 1 12 5 6 1 In roadway with traffic 218 9.1 15 37 51 79 28 In roadway against traffic 55 2.3 2 9 19 18 4 Standing or lying in roadway 116 4.8 19 24 32 34 7 Pushing/working on vehicle 21 0.9 2 4 5 7 3 Other working in roadway 32 1.3 5 2 6 14 4 Playing in roadway 25 1.0 2 0 8 14 0 In roadway other reason 122 5.1 6 18 48 39 9 Not in roadway 113 4.7 5 17 31 46 8 Other 107 4.5 2 14 36 43 12 Unknown 59 2.5 8 9 11 17 8 2,397 100.0 133 349 660 953 244 Includes 58 pedestrians with unknown injury severity 114 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MOST HARMFUL EVENT NONCOLLISION Motor Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Loss of control 1,903 0.4 4 65 208 301 1,325 Cross center/median 361 0.1 4 12 13 71 261 Ran off road left 634 0.1 3 11 38 81 501 Ran off road right 1,182 0.3 2 26 74 143 937 Re-enter road 87 0.0 0 0 11 4 72 Overturn 6,773 1.5 112 441 1,230 1,584 3,406 Separation of units 189 0.0 0 2 7 28 152 Fire/explosion 338 0.1 7 9 18 31 273 Immersion 51 0.0 0 0 2 3 46 Jackknife 176 0.0 0 2 4 14 156 Downhill runaway 22 0.0 0 1 2 4 15 Cargo loss/shift 436 0.1 2 4 8 22 400 Individual fell off 441 0.1 16 89 177 123 36 Other noncollision 1,299 0.3 3 35 72 138 1,051 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 13,892 3.0 153 697 1,864 2,547 8,631 HAD A COLLISION WITH Motor Vehicles Fatal NONFIXED OBJECT Crash of Vehicles MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Pedestrian 2,031 0.4 130 306 564 807 224 Bicycle / Pedalcycle 1,737 0.4 20 154 567 684 312 Motor vehicle in transport 331,372 72.2 804 4,818 15,421 52,214 258,115 Parked motor vehicle 14,608 3.2 8 100 303 712 13,485 Railway train 52 0.0 1 3 7 7 34 Animal 49,501 10.8 6 79 275 582 48,559 Other nonfixed objects 4,050 0.9 4 29 95 178 3,744 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 403,351 87.9 973 5,489 17,232 55,184 324,473 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 115

MOST HARMFUL EVENT (continued) HAD A COLLISION WITH Motor Vehicles Fatal FIXED OBJECT Crash of Vehicles MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Bridge/pier/abutment 432 0.1 6 16 24 79 307 Bridge parapet end 72 0.0 1 0 4 11 56 Bridge rail 333 0.1 0 2 17 47 267 Guardrail face 2,925 0.6 6 50 129 362 2,378 Guardrail end 501 0.1 4 21 42 75 359 Median barrier 3,842 0.8 4 48 263 761 2,766 Highway traffic sign post 2,317 0.5 3 14 50 101 2,149 Highway signal post 203 0.0 1 3 5 16 178 Luminaire/light support 539 0.1 1 11 34 76 417 Utility pole 2,992 0.7 22 89 297 504 2,080 Other pole 847 0.2 1 12 39 83 712 Culvert 526 0.1 9 26 63 101 327 Curb 1,639 0.4 3 27 63 112 1,434 Ditch 6,101 1.3 22 169 437 780 4,693 Embankment 1,108 0.2 8 38 113 159 790 Fence 979 0.2 1 11 31 88 848 Mailbox 1,625 0.4 1 8 38 59 1,519 Tree 8,989 2.0 118 499 954 1,435 5,983 Rail crossing signal 81 0.0 0 0 4 8 69 Building 617 0.1 6 32 67 110 402 Traffic island 44 0.0 0 0 0 1 43 Fire hydrant 485 0.1 2 9 18 53 403 Impact attenuator 45 0.0 0 2 7 5 31 Other fixed object 2,453 0.5 7 62 219 306 1,859 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 39,695 8.6 226 1,149 2,918 5,332 30,070 Motor Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Unknown Event 2,092 0.5 0 54 101 250 1,687 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 459,030 100.0 1,352 7,389 22,115 63,313 364,861 116 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

VEHICLE DEFECTS IN CRASH INVOLVEMENT VEHICLE DEFECTS Motor Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Brakes 684 0.1 2 10 54 122 496 Lights/reflectors 82 0.0 1 2 10 14 55 Steering 166 0.0 0 2 23 33 108 Tires/wheels 507 0.1 5 12 39 58 393 Windows 10 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Other 536 0.1 1 17 26 73 419 None or Unknown 457,045 99.6 1,343 7,345 21,961 63,010 363,386 TOTAL 459,030 100.0 1,352 7,389 22,115 63,313 364,861 DRIVER HAZARDOUS ACTION HAZARDOUS ACTION All Drivers of Drivers Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash None 237,114 51.7 547 3,178 9,853 30,396 193,140 Speed too fast 28,804 6.3 178 745 1,932 4,114 21,835 Speed too slow 335 0.1 1 7 23 46 258 Failed to yield 39,258 8.6 86 823 2,885 6,950 28,514 Disregard traffic control 9,327 2.0 69 347 1,025 2,274 5,612 Drove wrong way 373 0.1 1 17 30 63 262 Drove left of center 2,316 0.5 52 136 224 375 1,529 Improper passing 2,094 0.5 10 28 78 175 1,803 Improper lane use 9,460 2.1 6 64 217 700 8,473 Improper turn 4,217 0.9 5 50 176 446 3,540 Improper/no signal 697 0.2 2 14 24 77 580 Improper backing 7,298 1.6 1 9 25 142 7,121 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 62,890 13.7 57 473 1,956 10,815 49,589 Reckless driving 2,336 0.5 37 213 315 401 1,370 Careless/negligent driving 12,104 2.6 78 526 1,322 1,954 8,224 Other 16,435 3.6 84 419 1,120 2,166 12,646 Unknown 23,972 5.2 138 340 910 2,219 20,365 TOTAL 459,030 100.0 1,352 7,389 22,115 63,313 364,861 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 117

MICHIGAN BICYCLE CRASHES In, there were 1,981 bicycles involved in motor vehicles crashes, with 20 bicyclists killed and 1,598 injured. More bicyclists within the 45-54 years of age group died than any other age group, with six killed (30.0%). BICYCLE HELMET USE AND INJURY SEVERITY Fatality Injury No Injury HELMET USE A B C Worn 3 23 90 84 26 Not Worn 13 93 326 398 114 Unknown 4 55 229 300 157 20 171 645 782 297 The National Center for Statistics and Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration cites a study by the Centers for Disease Control [12]: Bicycle helmets are 85 to 88 percent effective in mitigating head and brain injuries in all types of bicycle accidents, making the use of helmets the single most effective countermeasure available to reduce head injuries and fatalities resulting from bicycle crashes. 118 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MICHIGAN PEDESTRIAN CRASHES In, there were 2,397 pedestrians involved in motor vehicles crashes, with 133 pedestrians killed and 1,962 injured. More pedestrians within the 55-64 years of age group died than any other age group, with 26 killed (19.5%). Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 119

MICHIGAN SNOWMOBILE CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Most Harmful Event SNOWMOBILES MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH NONCOLLISION of Snowmobiles Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Loss of control 2 1.7 0 1 1 0 0 Cross center/median 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Ran off road left 1 0.8 1 0 0 0 0 Ran off road right 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Re-enter road 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Overturn 13 10.8 0 4 3 5 1 Separation of units 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Fire/explosion 2 1.7 0 0 0 0 2 Immersion 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Jackknife 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Downhill runaway 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Cargo loss/shift 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Individual fell off 12 10.0 0 5 2 5 0 Other noncollision 1 0.8 0 0 0 0 1 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 31 25.8 1 10 6 10 4 SNOWMOBILES MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH NONFIXED OBJECT of Snowmobiles Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Pedestrian 2 1.7 0 1 0 1 0 Bicycle / pedalcycle 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Motor vehicle in transport 43 35.8 2 7 11 8 15 Parked motor vehicle 1 0.8 0 0 0 0 1 Railway train 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Animal 2 1.7 0 1 0 0 1 Other nonfixed objects 2 1.7 0 0 1 0 1 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 50 41.7 2 9 12 9 18 120 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MICHIGAN SNOWMOBILE CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS (continued) Most Harmful Event (continued) SNOWMOBILES MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH FIXED OBJECT of Snowmobiles Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Bridge/pier/abutment 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Bridge parapet end 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Bridge rail 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Guardrail face 1 0.8 0 0 0 0 1 Guardrail end 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Median barrier 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Highway traffic sign post 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Highway signal post 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Luminaire/light support 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Utility pole 1 0.8 0 0 0 1 0 Other pole 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Culvert 1 0.8 0 0 0 0 1 Curb 1 0.8 0 0 0 1 0 Ditch 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Embankment 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Fence 1 0.8 0 0 0 0 1 Mailbox 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Tree 29 24.2 2 9 11 5 2 Rail crossing signal 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Building 1 0.8 0 0 0 0 1 Traffic island 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Fire hydrant 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Impact attenuator 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Other fixed object 2 1.7 0 0 0 0 2 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 37 30.8 2 9 11 7 8 Unknown Event 2 1.7 0 0 0 0 2 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 120 100.0 5 28 29 26 32 NOTE: These crashes involve a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway and result in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. A total of 120 snowmobiles were reported in crashes on Michigan public roadways during. Five of those snowmobiles were involved in five fatal crashes with four operators and one passenger killed. Alcohol was involved in one of the fatal crashes and drugs were involved in a separate fatal crash. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 121

MICHIGAN ORV/ATV CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Most Harmful Event ORV/ATV MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH NONCOLLISION of ORV/ATVs Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Loss of control 9 3.3 0 2 2 3 2 Cross center/median 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Ran off road left 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Ran off road right 1 0.4 0 0 1 0 0 Re-enter road 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Overturn 64 23.3 5 20 22 15 2 Separation of units 1 0.4 0 1 0 0 0 Fire/explosion 1 0.4 0 0 0 0 1 Immersion 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Jackknife 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Downhill runaway 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Cargo loss/shift 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Individual fell off 36 13.1 0 7 14 14 1 Other noncollision 3 1.1 0 0 2 0 1 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 115 41.8 5 30 41 32 7 ORV/ATV MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH NONFIXED OBJECT of ORV/ATVs Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Pedestrian 1 0.4 0 1 0 0 0 Bicycle / pedalcycle 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Motor vehicle in transport 78 28.4 1 16 16 23 22 Parked motor vehicle 11 4.0 0 3 2 0 6 Railway train 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Animal 7 2.5 0 1 4 1 1 Other nonfixed objects 2 0.7 1 0 1 0 0 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 99 36.0 2 21 23 24 29 122 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MICHIGAN ORV/ATV CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS (continued) Most Harmful Event (continued) ORV/ATV MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH FIXED OBJECT of ORV/ATVs Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Bridge/pier/abutment 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Bridge parapet end 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Bridge rail 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Guardrail face 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Guardrail end 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Median barrier 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Highway traffic sign post 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Highway signal post 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Luminaire/light support 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Utility pole 2 0.7 0 1 1 0 0 Other pole 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Culvert 1 0.4 0 0 1 0 0 Curb 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Ditch 7 2.5 0 4 2 1 0 Embankment 3 1.1 0 1 2 0 0 Fence 3 1.1 0 1 2 0 0 Mailbox 2 0.7 0 0 1 0 1 Tree 29 10.5 1 13 8 5 2 Rail crossing signal 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Building 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Traffic island 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Fire hydrant 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Impact attenuator 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Other fixed object 12 4.4 0 2 5 4 1 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 59 21.5 1 22 22 10 4 Unknown Event 2 0.7 0 0 0 0 2 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 275 100.0 8 73 86 66 42 NOTE: These crashes involve a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway and result in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. A total of 275 off-road/all-terrain vehicles were reported in crashes on Michigan public roadways during. Eight of those ORV/ATVs were involved in eight fatal crashes with all of their ORV/ATV operators killed. Alcohol was involved in three of the fatal crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 123

MICHIGAN SNOWMOBILE CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Driver Hazardous Action SNOWMOBILES of Snowmobiles MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash None 33 27.5 0 4 8 7 14 Speed too fast 37 30.8 3 15 9 7 3 Speed too slow 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Failed to yield 13 10.8 0 1 1 3 8 Disregard traffic control 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Drove wrong way 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Drove left of center 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Improper passing 1 0.8 0 0 1 0 0 Improper lane use 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Improper turn 3 2.5 0 1 1 1 0 Improper/no signal 2 1.7 1 0 0 0 1 Improper backing 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 7 5.8 0 2 2 2 1 Reckless driving 1 0.8 0 1 0 0 0 Careless/negligent driving 13 10.8 0 3 4 3 3 Other 4 3.3 0 0 0 2 2 Unknown 6 5.0 1 1 3 1 0 TOTAL 120 100.0 5 28 29 26 32 MICHIGAN ORV/ATV CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Driver Hazardous Action ORV/ATV of ORV/ATVs MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C None 44 16.0 1 5 19 8 11 Speed too fast 79 28.7 2 28 20 22 7 Speed too slow 1 0.4 0 1 0 0 0 Failed to yield 21 7.6 0 3 5 5 8 Disregard traffic control 7 2.5 1 1 1 2 2 Drove wrong way 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Drove left of center 2 0.7 0 0 0 2 0 Improper passing 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Improper lane use 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 Improper turn 2 0.7 0 0 1 1 0 Improper/no signal 1 0.4 0 0 1 0 0 Improper backing 2 0.7 0 0 0 0 2 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 10 3.6 0 5 2 3 0 Reckless driving 15 5.5 0 4 7 3 1 Careless/negligent driving 44 16.0 1 13 16 8 6 Other 30 10.9 0 10 9 9 2 Unknown 17 6.2 3 3 5 3 3 TOTAL 275 100.0 8 73 86 66 42 NOTE: These crashes involve a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway and result in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. PDO Crash 124 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MICHIGAN FARM EQUIPMENT CRASHES A total of 181 crashes involving farm equipment were reported on Michigan roadways during. Of those crashes, three were fatal with no operator of the farm equipment killed. MICHIGAN VEHICLE-TRAIN CRASHES A total of 38 crashes involving trains were reported in Michigan during. Of those crashes, one were fatal with one person killed, a driver of a passenger car. MICHIGAN MOTORCYCLE CRASHES MOTORCYCLE DATA 2011 % Change Motorcycle Registrations 269,713 273,114 1.3 Motorcycles in Crashes 3,175 3,600 13.4 Motorcyclist Deaths 109 129 18.4 Motorcyclists Injured 2,556 2,870 12.3 Death Rate based on 10,000 motorcycle registrations 4.04 4.72 16.9 Estimated Mileage based on 3,000 miles per motorcycle Death Rate based on deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled 809,139,000 819,342,000 1.3 13.47 15.74 16.9 Motorcycles were involved in 1.3 percent of all traffic crashes in Michigan in. Injuries were proportionately more severe to motorcyclists than to persons in motor vehicles. The death rate for motorcyclists was 15.74 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 125

DRIVER GENDER INFORMATION - ALL CRASHES Crash Severity Male Female A higher proportion of crashes involved male drivers than female drivers. When examining the severity of crashes involving drivers of each gender, fatal crashes are more prevalent among male drivers than female drivers (0.4% vs. 0.2%). 126 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

PERSON AGE - DEMOGRAPHICS AND CRASH INVOLVEMENTS Age Licensed Drivers Michigan Population Drivers in All Crashes Drivers in Fatal Crashes Occupants Killed Occupants Injured Bicyclists in All Crashes Bicyclists in Fatal Crashes Pedestrians in All Crashes Pedestrians in Fatal Crashes 0-15 52,354 0 929 4 26 4,559 480 1 505 17 16 81,487 0 7,367 17 13 1,342 51 0 62 0 17 94,613 0 10,192 20 10 1,779 61 1 63 0 18 94,131 0 12,398 34 21 2,097 60 0 70 2 19 107,958 0 12,640 33 21 2,182 65 1 69 5 20 116,563 0 12,710 30 20 2,017 77 0 72 4 21-24 488,279 0 45,389 153 100 7,356 185 3 230 17 25-29 551,108 0 41,883 112 76 6,336 160 0 174 13 30-34 538,749 0 36,759 113 64 5,240 88 0 129 8 35-39 519,299 0 33,578 84 46 4,439 76 1 109 7 40-44 597,346 0 37,101 113 50 4,982 99 1 136 12 45-49 635,000 0 37,030 119 41 4,978 112 2 158 13 50-54 690,190 0 35,751 89 52 5,049 128 4 174 14 55-59 666,945 0 30,932 111 52 4,413 117 2 128 14 60-64 570,932 0 23,470 75 44 3,478 48 3 83 14 65-69 441,197 0 15,765 64 45 2,327 46 0 65 5 70-74 314,640 awaiting 0 10,187 49 28 1,550 23 0 48 5 data 75-79 219,722 0 6,869 27 19 1,122 16 1 28 2 80-84 160,035 0 4,890 32 30 890 7 0 19 3 85-100+ 124,021 0 3,336 24 25 689 4 1 13 2 Unknown --- 39,854 49 0 132 78 0 62 0 7,064,569 9,883,360 459,030 1,352 783 66,957 1,981 21 2,397 157 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 127

CRASH RATE PER LICENSED DRIVER BY AGE OF DRIVER IN ALL CRASHES Age Licensed Drivers Drivers in all crashes Rate 0-15 52,354 929 0.018 16 81,487 7,367 0.090 17 94,613 10,192 0.108 18 94,131 12,398 0.132 19 107,958 12,640 0.117 20 116,563 12,710 0.109 21-24 488,279 45,389 0.093 25-29 551,108 41,883 0.076 30-34 538,749 36,759 0.068 35-39 519,299 33,578 0.065 40-44 597,346 37,101 0.062 45-49 635,000 37,030 0.058 50-54 690,190 35,751 0.052 55-59 666,945 30,932 0.046 60-64 570,932 23,470 0.041 65-69 441,197 15,765 0.036 70-74 314,640 10,187 0.032 75-79 219,722 6,869 0.031 80-84 160,035 4,890 0.031 85-89 91,376 2,533 0.028 90-94 28,582 715 0.025 95-99 3,846 84 0.022 100+ 217 4 0.018 7,064,569 419,176 Note: Data entry errors resulted in an over-representation of age "100+" drivers. Excludes 39,854 drivers with unknown age Licensed drivers age 18 have the highest crash rate (total crashes in age group divided by total number of licensed drivers in age group). The lower crash rates of the older groups (per licensed driver) may reflect reduced driving and exposure to the risk of a crash. 128 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

DRIVER AGE AGE OF DRIVERS IN FATAL CRASHES % Fatal Percent 2011 % Change Crash Active Driving Involvement Population 15 years and under 4 4 0.0 0.3 0.7 16 years 21 17-19.0 1.3 1.2 17 years 19 20 5.3 1.5 1.3 18 years 32 34 6.3 2.5 1.3 19 years 39 33-15.4 2.4 1.5 20 years 39 30-23.1 2.2 1.6 21-24 years 139 153 10.1 11.3 6.9 25-34 years 211 225 6.6 16.6 15.4 35-44 years 182 197 8.2 14.6 15.8 45-54 years 199 208 4.5 15.4 18.8 55-64 years 146 186 27.4 13.8 17.5 65-69 years 49 64 30.6 4.7 6.2 70-74 years 39 49 25.6 3.6 4.5 75-79 years 29 27-6.9 2.0 3.1 80-84 years 29 32 10.3 2.4 2.3 85-89 years 19 13-31.6 1.0 1.3 90 years and over 11 11 0.0 0.8 0.5 Unknown 60 49-18.3 3.6 --- 1,267 1,352 6.7 100.0 100.0 Figures courtesy of the Michigan Department of State [13] Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 129

POSSIBLE CONDITIONS OF DRIVER DRIVER CONDITION MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Conditions Fatal Crash Injury Crash PDO Coded by Police Crash A B C Appeared Normal 378,113 630 5,456 17,955 54,550 299,522 Had Been Drinking 9,558 170 724 1,370 1,667 5,627 Illegal Drug Use 907 17 74 116 188 512 Sick 1,032 9 44 142 357 480 Fatigue 995 6 45 102 230 612 Asleep 1,124 3 69 169 234 649 Medication 822 5 55 113 223 426 Driver Distracted 4,408 10 106 378 925 2,989 Using Cellular Phone 746 8 24 66 171 477 Unknown 28,278 465 598 985 2,626 23,604 Drivers may have more than one condition including Appeared Normal. These are driver conditions that, in the opinion of the investigating officer, were involved in the crash. While some conditions may be evident, others (such as distraction) will only be known if the driver admits to the condition, thus leading to possible underreporting.. DRIVER INJURY SEVERITY BY RESTRAINT, ALCOHOL, AND DRUG USE Drivers Fatality Injury No Injury A B C Unknown All Drivers Restraint Used 400,008 87.1 322 51.9 2,810 9,977 32,512 353,998 389 Restraint Not Used 7,117 1.6 234 37.7 611 959 1,047 4,169 97 Unknown 51,905 11.3 64 10.3 257 513 1,006 14,686 35,379 459,030 100.0 620 100.0 3,678 11,449 34,565 372,853 35,865 Drinking Only Drivers Restraint Used 6,577 74.0 43 34.1 248 676 831 4,775 4 Restraint Not Used 850 9.6 68 54.0 169 195 156 260 2 Unknown 1,465 16.5 15 11.9 56 161 176 1,011 46 8,892 100.0 126 100.0 473 1,032 1,163 6,046 52 Drugged Only Drivers Restraint Used 792 77.2 18 51.4 39 92 152 489 2 Restraint Not Used 92 9.0 15 42.9 13 13 14 37 0 Unknown 142 13.8 2 5.7 13 13 25 85 4 1,026 100.0 35 100.0 65 118 191 611 6 Drinking and Drugged Drivers Restraint Used 651 67.7 18 46.2 40 70 89 434 0 Restraint Not Used 125 13.0 18 46.2 26 25 24 31 1 Unknown 185 19.3 3 7.7 16 15 39 109 3 961 100.0 39 100.0 82 110 152 574 4 NOTE: Restraint Used includes shoulder belt only, lap belt only, both lap and shoulder belts, restraint failed, and helmet worn. 130 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

RED-LIGHT-RUNNING CRASHES INTERSECTION CRASH TYPE MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Crashes Fatal Crash Injury Crash PDO Crash A B C Related to intersection 81,377 227 1,523 4,974 13,833 60,820 In intersection 37,424 171 970 3,024 7,388 25,871 With traffic control signal 18,384 70 445 1,546 3,928 12,395 With hazardous action 5,031 32 189 625 1,349 2,836 Related to intersection captures crashes that were related to or within 150 feet of an intersection. In intersection captures crashes within all types of intersections. With traffic control signal captures crashes within the intersection and with a traffic control signal present. With hazardous action captures crashes within the intersection, with a traffic control signal, and with a hazardous action cited as disregard of traffic control. Information pertaining to red-lightrunning in the following tables is derived from this subset of 5,031 crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 131

RED-LIGHT-RUNNING MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH SPEED LIMIT MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C 5 miles per hour 2 0 0 0 0 2 10 miles per hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 miles per hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 miles per hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 miles per hour 513 3 8 34 107 361 30 miles per hour 662 2 21 50 190 399 35 miles per hour 1,267 3 43 163 322 736 40 miles per hour 729 2 31 111 208 377 45 miles per hour 1,242 10 42 179 337 674 50 miles per hour 272 4 14 38 85 131 55 miles per hour 320 8 29 47 98 138 60 miles per hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 miles per hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 miles per hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 miles per hour 1 0 0 1 0 0 Unknown 23 0 1 2 2 18 5,031 32 189 625 1,349 2,836 Posted speed limit as entered by officer on the UD-10 form. CRASH TYPE MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C Single Vehicle 74 2 7 20 25 20 Head on 23 0 2 2 12 7 Head on left turn 368 4 12 67 91 194 Angle 4,293 26 152 508 1,162 2,445 Rear end 25 0 1 1 4 19 Rear end left turn 7 0 1 0 1 5 Rear end right turn 1 0 0 0 0 1 Sideswipe same direction 63 0 2 2 8 51 Sideswipe opposite direction 21 0 1 2 3 15 Other/ Unknown 156 0 11 23 43 79 5,031 32 189 625 1,349 2,836 132 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

RED-LIGHT-RUNNING MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH (continued) MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C School Bus Involved/Associated 17 1 1 0 8 7 Drinking Involved 160 4 14 34 41 67 Drug Use Involved 33 3 1 9 11 9 Pedestrian Involved 37 2 3 10 14 8 Bicyclist Involved 59 0 5 18 21 15 Snowmobile Involved 0 0 0 0 0 0 Motorcycle Involved 19 0 5 5 5 4 Train Involved 0 0 0 0 0 0 Truck/Bus Involved 165 6 8 30 43 78 Emergency Vehicle Involved 39 0 1 5 11 22 Driver Hazardous Citation 3,190 5 122 440 920 1,703 Crashes may involve more than one special circumstance. MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH POSSIBLE CONDITIONS OF PERSONS IN CRASH Conditions Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes Coded by Police A B C Appeared Normal 4,179 16 144 506 1,153 2,360 Had Been Drinking 146 3 14 30 34 65 Illegal Drug Use 12 1 0 4 3 4 Sick 9 0 0 1 2 6 Fatigue 15 0 1 3 3 8 Asleep 2 0 0 0 1 1 Medication 17 0 0 6 5 6 Driver Distracted 146 0 2 26 39 79 Using Cellular Phone 31 0 0 2 10 19 Unknown 367 13 21 39 81 213 Drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and train engineers may have more than one condition, including Appeared Normal. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 133

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES These crashes involve a heavy truck/bus - defined as having a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Heavy truck/bus crashes differ from other vehicle crashes in a number of ways, many reflecting the size and use of these vehicles. When compared to the overall crash picture, heavy truck/bus crashes involve: More turning, backing, and changing lanes as the Truck/Bus Driver Action Prior More collisions with fixed object = bridge/pier/abutments, nonfixed object = parked motor vehicles, jackknife, cargo loss/shift, and other non-collisions as the Most Harmful Event Fewer collisions with fixed objects = ditches, trees, and nonfixed object = animals Fewer single-vehicle crashes but more sideswipes Fewer drivers indicated to be speeding, failing to yield, reckless driving, disregarding traffic control, and unable to stop in assured clear distance, but more drivers indicated to be making backing, lane use, and turning errors Fewer crashes outside of the shoulder/curb More crashes between the hours of 6:00 AM and 2:59 PM, and fewer crashes between 3:00 PM and 5:59 AM More weekday crashes, and a significant drop in weekend crashes 134 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES HEAVY TRUCK/BUS All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes DRIVER ACTION of PRIOR TO CRASH Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Going straight ahead 4,738 48.7 51 66.2 959 53.5 Turning left 891 9.2 6 7.8 147 8.2 Turning right 794 8.2 1 1.3 86 4.8 Stopped on roadway 816 8.4 5 6.5 172 9.6 In prior crash 8 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.2 Changing lanes 390 4.0 0 0.0 62 3.5 Backing 469 4.8 0 0.0 19 1.1 Slowing/stopping on roadway 633 6.5 5 6.5 155 8.6 Slowing/stopping other 14 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 Starting up on roadway 223 2.3 1 1.3 43 2.4 Starting up other 5 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Entering parking 27 0.3 0 0.0 1 0.1 Leaving parking 22 0.2 0 0.0 3 0.2 Entering roadway 94 1.0 0 0.0 18 1.0 Leaving roadway 12 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 Making U-turn 24 0.2 0 0.0 4 0.2 Overtaking or passing 50 0.5 1 1.3 7 0.4 Avoiding object 12 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 Avoiding animal 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Avoiding pedestrian 2 0.0 1 1.3 1 0.1 Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 102 1.0 1 1.3 29 1.6 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 40 0.4 1 1.3 11 0.6 Driverless moving 6 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Parked 183 1.9 3 3.9 36 2.0 Crossing at intersection 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Crossing not at intersection 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Getting on/off vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway with traffic 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway against traffic 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Standing/lying in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Pushing/working on vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other working in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Playing in roadway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 In roadway other reason 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Not in roadway 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other 25 0.3 0 0.0 6 0.3 Unknown 135 1.4 1 1.3 22 1.2 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 135

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Loss of control 13 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 Cross center/median 12 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Ran off road left 15 0.2 0 0.0 3 0.2 Ran off road right 21 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 Re-enter road 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Overturn 163 1.7 3 3.9 76 4.2 Separation of units 13 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 Fire/explosion 29 0.3 3 3.9 3 0.2 Immersion 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Jackknife 75 0.8 0 0.0 7 0.4 Downhill runaway 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Cargo loss/shift 88 0.9 0 0.0 3 0.2 Individual fell off 2 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 Other noncollision 100 1.0 0 0.0 6 0.3 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 534 5.5 6 7.8 105 5.9 MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Pedestrian 40 0.4 7 9.1 31 1.7 Bicyclist 21 0.2 0 0.0 19 1.1 Motor vehicle in transport 7,377 75.9 60 77.9 1,495 83.4 Parked motor vehicle 413 4.2 1 1.3 21 1.2 Railway train 4 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 Animal 367 3.8 0 0.0 3 0.2 Other nonfixed objects 123 1.3 0 0.0 8 0.4 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 8,345 85.9 68 88.3 1,578 88.1 136 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Bridge/pier/abutment 59 0.6 0 0.0 5 0.3 Bridge parapet end 4 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 Bridge rail 7 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Guardrail face 48 0.5 0 0.0 12 0.7 Guardrail end 7 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Median barrier 53 0.5 0 0.0 15 0.8 Highway traffic sign post 52 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 Highway signal post 16 0.2 1 1.3 1 0.1 Luminaire/light support 29 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 Utility pole 93 1.0 0 0.0 3 0.2 Other pole 22 0.2 0 0.0 2 0.1 Culvert 7 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 Curb 8 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 Ditch 74 0.8 0 0.0 13 0.7 Embankment 9 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.2 Fence 15 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.1 Mailbox 15 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 Tree 76 0.8 2 2.6 17 0.9 Rail crossing signal 15 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.1 Building 8 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 Traffic island 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Fire hydrant 25 0.3 0 0.0 1 0.1 Impact attenuator 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other fixed object 125 1.3 0 0.0 10 0.6 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 770 7.9 3 3.9 90 5.0 All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Unknown Event 71 0.7 0 0.0 19 1.1 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 137

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Single Vehicle 1,464 15.1 9 11.7 185 10.3 Head On 91 0.9 13 16.9 38 2.1 Head On - Left Turn 93 1.0 2 2.6 41 2.3 Angle 1,365 14.0 23 29.9 397 22.2 Rear End 2,178 22.4 20 26.0 587 32.8 Rear End - Left Turn 96 1.0 3 3.9 28 1.6 Rear End - Right Turn 97 1.0 0 0.0 15 0.8 Sideswipe - Same Direction 2,874 29.6 4 5.2 321 17.9 Sideswipe - Opposite Direct 382 3.9 0 0.0 48 2.7 Other/Unknown 1,080 11.1 3 3.9 132 7.4 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 HAZARDOUS ACTION OF HEAVY TRUCK/BUS Truck/Bus Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Hazardous Citation Issued of Heavy Trucks Issued None 5,092 52.4 61 79.2 1,028 57.4 15 1.0 Speed too fast 316 3.3 0 0.0 82 4.6 127 8.2 Speed too slow 5 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.1 Failed to yield 524 5.4 1 1.3 131 7.3 251 16.1 Disregard traffic control 98 1.0 2 2.6 36 2.0 54 3.5 Drove wrong way 5 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 2 0.1 Drove left of center 44 0.5 0 0.0 3 0.2 14 0.9 Improper passing 48 0.5 0 0.0 8 0.4 10 0.6 Improper lane use 458 4.7 0 0.0 62 3.5 144 9.3 Improper turn 336 3.5 1 1.3 25 1.4 117 7.5 Improper/no signal 24 0.2 0 0.0 5 0.3 8 0.5 Improper backing 373 3.8 0 0.0 11 0.6 131 8.4 Unable to stop in assured 816 8.4 6 7.8 223 12.4 377 24.2 clear distance Reckless driving 8 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 3 0.2 Careless/negligent driving 221 2.3 0 0.0 53 3.0 113 7.3 Other 832 8.6 0 0.0 69 3.9 184 11.8 Unknown 520 5.3 6 7.8 53 3.0 4 0.3 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 1,555 100.0 138 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury On Road 8,861 91.2 71 92.2 1,650 92.1 Median 61 0.6 0 0.0 19 1.1 Shoulder 308 3.2 2 2.6 55 3.1 Outside of Shoulder/Curb 348 3.6 3 3.9 43 2.4 Gore 30 0.3 0 0.0 9 0.5 Other/Unknown 112 1.2 1 1.3 16 0.9 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Midnight - 02:59 AM 308 3.2 2 2.6 60 3.3 03:00 AM - 05:59 AM 373 3.8 9 11.7 64 3.6 06:00 AM - 08:59 AM 1,823 18.8 17 22.1 366 20.4 09:00 AM - 11:59 AM 2,070 21.3 14 18.2 355 19.8 Noon - 02:59 PM 2,105 21.7 16 20.8 401 22.4 03:00 PM - 05:59 PM 1,901 19.6 8 10.4 317 17.7 06:00 PM - 08:59 PM 737 7.6 9 11.7 148 8.3 09:00 PM - 11:59 PM 400 4.1 2 2.6 81 4.5 Unknown 3 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Interstate Routes 2,552 26.3 19 24.7 523 29.2 U.S. & Michigan Roads 2,905 29.9 30 39.0 585 32.6 County & City Roads 4,263 43.9 28 36.4 684 38.2 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 139

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Monday 1,702 17.5 17 22.1 306 17.1 Tuesday 1,661 17.1 6 7.8 270 15.1 Wednesday 1,713 17.6 10 13.0 325 18.1 Thursday 1,754 18.0 10 13.0 294 16.4 Friday 1,952 20.1 22 28.6 415 23.2 Saturday 612 6.3 8 10.4 114 6.4 Sunday 326 3.4 4 5.2 68 3.8 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Male 8,240 84.8 68 88.3 1,541 86.0 Female 1,053 10.8 6 7.8 195 10.9 Unknown 427 4.4 3 3.9 56 3.1 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS in Heavy Truck/Bus All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury 1 occupant 7,817 80.4 58 75.3 1,384 77.2 2 occupants 658 6.8 7 9.1 148 8.3 3 occupants 127 1.3 1 1.3 36 2.0 4 occupants 93 1.0 2 2.6 31 1.7 5 occupants 58 0.6 1 1.3 8 0.4 6 + occupants 553 5.7 5 6.5 132 7.4 0 occupants 231 2.4 3 3.9 40 2.2 Unknown 183 1.9 0 0.0 13 0.7 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 140 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes VEHICLE TYPES Involved in Crash with Heavy Truck/Bus of Vehicles Subtotal of Vehicles Fatal of Vehicles Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 6,520 78.5 56 65.9 1,396 76.2 Van and Motorhome 431 5.2 6 7.1 109 5.9 Pickup 928 11.2 10 11.8 195 10.6 Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) 166 2.0 0 0.0 36 2.0 Motorcycle 26 0.3 4 4.7 15 0.8 Moped 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 Go Cart 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Snowmobile 2 0.0 1 1.2 0 0.0 Off Road Vehicle 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other 60 0.7 0 0.0 10 0.5 Unknown 169 2.0 8 9.4 71 3.9 Subtotal 8,303 100.0 85 100.0 1,833 100.0 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS VEHICLE TYPES All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks Subtotal of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A 5,979 61.5 50 64.9 1,095 61.1 Commercial Vehicle: Group B 2,220 22.8 17 22.1 459 25.6 Commercial Vehicle: Group C 349 3.6 3 3.9 60 3.3 Other Truck 757 7.8 6 7.8 138 7.7 Unknown Truck 415 4.3 1 1.3 40 2.2 Subtotal 9,720 100.0 77 100.0 1,792 100.0 Vehicle Types in Heavy Truck/Bus Crashes 18,023 162 3,625 Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 141

HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) Heavy Truck/Bus Involved Crash Passenger Vehicle Only Involved Crash Hazardous Citation Issued Single Vehicle Crash Multi-Vehicle Crash Single Vehicle Crash Multi-Vehicle Crash of Trucks/Buses citation of Trucks/Buses citation of Passenger Vehicles citation of Passenger Vehicles citation of Passenger Vehicles None 1 0.4 14 1.1 14 0.8 130 1.0 599 0.8 Speed too fast 89 32.8 38 3.0 182 10.4 5,894 47.0 2,695 3.5 Speed too slow 0 0.0 1 0.1 4 0.2 32 0.3 37 0.0 Failed to yield 11 4.1 240 18.7 405 23.1 506 4.0 21,284 27.8 Disregard traffic control 7 2.6 47 3.7 122 6.9 125 1.0 4,957 6.5 Drove wrong way 0 0.0 2 0.2 2 0.1 9 0.1 122 0.2 Drove left of center 0 0.0 14 1.1 20 1.1 123 1.0 719 0.9 Improper passing 1 0.4 9 0.7 58 3.3 25 0.2 640 0.8 Improper lane use 5 1.8 139 10.8 141 8.0 131 1.0 3,595 4.7 Improper turn 19 7.0 98 7.6 44 2.5 63 0.5 1,577 2.1 Improper/no signal 0 0.0 8 0.6 3 0.2 12 0.1 163 0.2 Improper backing 7 2.6 124 9.7 21 1.2 51 0.4 1,862 2.4 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 12 4.4 365 28.4 486 27.7 438 3.5 32,232 42.1 Reckless driving 2 0.7 1 0.1 8 0.5 515 4.1 390 0.5 Careless/Negligent driving 63 23.2 50 3.9 140 8.0 2,891 23.1 2,663 3.5 Other 51 18.8 133 10.4 102 5.8 1,449 11.6 2,776 3.6 Unknown 3 1.1 1 0.1 5 0.3 140 1.1 165 0.2 Cited Vehicles 271 100.0 1,284 100.0 1,757 100.0 12,534 100.0 76,476 100.0 Percent of Vehicles 17.7 15.7 21.6 12.2 23.1 Vehicles with No Citation Issued 1,263 82.3 6,901 84.3 6,364 78.4 89,870 87.8 254,701 76.9 Vehicles Involved 1,534 100.0 8,185 100.0 8,121 100.0 102,404 100.0 331,177 100.0 citation 142 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

Occupant/ Person

AGE AND GENDER OF OCCUPANTS KILLED OR INJURED IN MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES The majority (70.2%) of occupants killed in traffic crashes in were male. The majority (54.7%) of occupants injured in traffic crashes in were female. Note: An occupant is any injured or killed person in or on a motor vehicle, including all drivers. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 145

REPORTED OCCUPANT RESTRAINT USAGE FOR ALL DRIVERS AND INJURED PASSENGERS Injury Severity Of the 471,830 drivers and injured passengers involved in crashes, 411,403 (87.2%) were REPORTED to be using occupant restraints. Occupants in crashes were 30 times more likely to be killed if they were not wearing their restraints. 146 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

MOTOR VEHICLE OCCUPANTS & INJURY SEVERITY BY SEATING POSITION AND KNOWN BELT USAGE Belts Used Injury Fatal Seating Position A B C No Injury Left Front 395,681 96.6 254 2,346 8,998 31,801 352,282 Center Front 504 0.1 0 19 54 166 265 Right Front 10,079 2.5 53 668 2,019 6,966 373 Left Rear 914 0.2 1 62 197 651 3 Center Rear 209 0.1 0 14 55 140 0 Right Rear 1,050 0.3 6 68 234 742 0 Left Rear Third Seat 356 0.1 0 13 96 247 0 Center Rear Third Seat 109 0.0 0 9 21 79 0 Right Rear Third Seat 483 0.1 0 22 124 337 0 Unknown 356 0.1 0 4 18 54 280 409,741 100.0 314 3,225 11,816 41,183 353,203 A lap belt, shoulder belt or a combination of lap and shoulder belts used. Children who were coded as using or not using a child restraint device appear in separate tables on the next two pages. This total does not include 364 occupants with unknown injury severity. Belts Not Used Injury Fatal Seating Position A B C No Injury Left Front 5,373 71.4 173 393 580 761 3,466 Center Front 87 1.2 4 16 26 21 20 Right Front 549 7.3 24 98 190 213 24 Left Rear 226 3.0 12 45 59 110 0 Center Rear 124 1.6 4 22 37 61 0 Right Rear 242 3.2 5 40 80 117 0 Left Rear Third Seat 87 1.2 1 7 24 55 0 Center Rear Third Seat 40 0.5 0 9 10 21 0 Right Rear Third Seat 84 1.1 1 11 26 46 0 Unknown 718 9.5 7 26 48 181 456 7,530 100.0 231 667 1,080 1,586 3,966 No belts available or no belts used. Children who were coded as using or not using a child restraint device appear in separate tables on the next two pages. This total does not include 91 occupants with unknown injury severity. Michigan law requires that all persons must wear a seat belt when riding in the front seat of a motor vehicle. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 147

REPORTED RESTRAINT USE - CHILDREN On July 1, 2008, Michigan law was amended (http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-257-710e) To: Any child under four years of age must be in an approved Child Safety Seat (CSS)/Child Restraint Device (CRD), and riding in the rear seat. and All children less than 8 years of age AND who are less than 4 9 in height, must be properly restrained in a child restraint system. and All children ages 8 through 15 must wear a properly adjusted and fastened seat belt when riding in either the front or back seat of a vehicle. Children Age 0 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used 43 22.9 0 1 2 40 No Belts Used 6 3.2 0 0 1 5 Child Restraint Used 125 66.5 2 1 13 109 Child Restraint Not Used 1 0.5 0 0 0 1 Restraint Failed 1 0.5 0 0 0 1 Unknown 12 6.4 0 1 1 10 188 100.0 2 3 17 166 Children Age 1 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used 15 8.6 0 0 4 11 No Belts Used 3 1.7 0 0 1 2 Child Restraint Used 144 82.8 0 1 30 113 Child Restraint Not Used 9 5.2 0 4 2 3 Restraint Failed 1 0.6 0 0 1 0 Unknown 2 1.1 0 1 0 1 174 100.0 0 6 38 130 148 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

REPORTED RESTRAINT USE CHILDREN (continued) Children Age 2 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used 16 10.9 0 1 6 9 No Belts Used 5 3.4 1 0 1 3 Child Restraint Used 115 78.2 0 7 26 82 Child Restraint Not Used 8 5.4 1 1 3 3 Restraint Failed 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 3 2.0 0 2 0 1 147 100.0 2 11 36 98 Children Age 3 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used 33 17.0 0 1 9 23 No Belts Used 2 1.0 0 0 0 2 Child Restraint Used 144 74.2 3 4 38 99 Child Restraint Not Used 11 5.7 0 1 2 8 Restraint Failed 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 4 2.1 0 1 0 3 194 100.0 3 7 49 135 Children Age 4-7 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used 400 40.2 1 27 97 275 No Belts Used 45 4.5 1 6 13 25 Child Restraint Used 487 49.0 2 14 108 363 Child Restraint Not Used 30 3.0 1 7 3 19 Restraint Failed 3 0.3 0 1 0 2 Unknown 29 2.9 0 7 9 13 994 100.0 5 62 230 697 Children Age 8-15 Injury Fatal Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used 2,200 83.1 3 112 559 1,526 No Belts Used 243 9.2 5 30 65 143 Child Restraint Used 76 2.9 0 1 16 59 Child Restraint Not Used 8 0.3 0 1 5 2 Restraint Failed 2 0.1 0 1 0 1 Unknown 117 4.4 4 32 23 58 2,646 100.0 12 177 668 1,789 Note 1: Safety equipment usage is often self-reported and may not reflect actual usage. Note 2: Information about uninjured passengers does not have to be reported by the officer on the crash report, thus these tables relate the experience of only those children with injuries in crashes Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 149

Motor Vehicle Occupant Airbag Deployment MOTOR VEHICLE OCCUPANT INJURY SEVERITY BY KNOWN AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT OCCUPANT INJURY SEVERITY Occupants Fatal Injury % A B C No Injury Deployed 46,138 9.7 336 2,108 6,037 12,410 24,857 Not deployed 370,658 77.8 188 1,546 5,747 26,963 332,051 Not equipped 40,284 8.5 255 1,458 3,532 6,674 13,534 Unknown 19,420 4.1 4 44 142 296 2,411 476,500 100.0 783 5,156 15,458 46,343 372,853 Includes 35,907 occupants (drivers and passengers) with unknown injury severity. 150 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

AGE AND GENDER OF MOTORCYCLISTS KILLED OR INJURED IN MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES 88.4 percent of the motorcyclists killed in traffic crashes in were male. In comparison, 70.1 percent of all persons killed in crashes were male. Most motorcyclists killed were in the 25-34 year age group. 84.8 percent of the motorcyclists injured in traffic crashes in were male. In comparison, 46.2 percent of all persons injured in crashes were male. Most motorcyclists injured were in the 45-54 year age group. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 151

MOTORCYCLE HELMET USE AND INJURY SEVERITY Helmet Worn Injury No Fatality Age of Motorcyclist A B C Injury 3 years and under 0 0 0 0 1 4-10 years 0 1 3 4 2 11-15 years 0 4 8 7 1 16-20 years 2 19 76 34 37 21-24 years 9 47 135 67 51 25-34 years 13 79 157 138 106 35-44 years 10 67 153 118 109 45-54 years 13 105 182 149 149 55-64 years 15 82 178 127 118 65-74 years 4 27 52 36 37 75 years and over 1 6 5 3 2 Unknown 0 0 0 0 4 Subtotal 67 437 949 683 617 Helmet Worn Drivers killed 62 Passengers killed 5 Helmet Not Worn Injury No Fatality Age of Motorcyclist A B C Injury 3 years and under 0 0 0 0 0 4-10 years 0 0 0 0 0 11-15 years 0 0 1 3 0 16-20 years 2 6 7 7 7 21-24 years 0 9 23 15 11 25-34 years 21 30 44 43 22 35-44 years 16 53 48 40 26 45-54 years 9 54 97 35 41 55-64 years 6 38 51 31 35 65-74 years 1 5 12 4 4 75 years and over 0 0 1 1 1 Unknown 0 0 0 0 1 Subtotal 55 195 284 179 148 Helmet Not Worn Drivers killed 48 Passengers killed 7 Helmet Use Unknown Injury Fatality Age of Motorcyclist A B C No Injury 3 years and under 0 1 0 0 0 4-10 years 0 0 0 1 0 11-15 years 0 0 1 1 0 16-20 years 0 2 2 3 4 21-24 years 2 2 10 7 2 25-34 years 2 2 12 14 16 35-44 years 0 5 8 8 19 45-54 years 1 3 19 13 13 55-64 years 2 5 8 7 10 65-74 years 0 3 2 2 1 75 years and over 0 0 0 0 1 Unknown 0 0 0 2 27 Subtotal 7 23 62 58 93 Helmet Use Unknown Drivers killed 6 Passengers killed 1 129 655 1,295 920 858 2011 Michigan motor vehicle crash data represents the last full year of data that was collected during Michigan s universal helmet law, enacted in 1969: Michigan Vehicle Code Public Act 300 of 1949, Section 257.658, requiring all motorcycle riders to wear a helmet. On April 13,, Michigan changed their helmet law from a universal to a partial helmet law. The partial law allows some certified Michigan riders, who are over 21 and carry additional insurance, to ride without a helmet. 152 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide