Possible strategies to optimizing passenger vehicles fuel consumption FGA eco:drive and MAC operation at higher ambient temperature Roberto Monforte CO2 Emissions Strategy and Regulation R&D Vehicle Integration & Validation Performance, Fuel Consumption & Shiftability Competence Centre EMEA 20 Novembre, 2010
Summary FGA Eco:Drive Potential Fuel Consumption saving by adoption of a MAC operating strategy (higher operation threshold activation)
Eco-Driving Consumers focus their attention on Fuel Consumption of their vehicles The «Altroconsumo» magazine addressed this item in their January 2013 issue («Expensive Petrol») Their 4 hint: «Drive in an intelligent way», as «you may save up to 10%» Also the Oct 2006 Report by TNO indicated a 10% potential fuel consumption saving by the eco-driving
Eco:Drive FGA introduced as an OPT in all FIAT brand models the eco:drive software since 2009 Eco:Drive stimulates the driver to perform at his best The eco:drive contribution goes beyond the GSI benefit (~2%), providing several driving indexes: Acceleration Deceleration Speed Gearshift EcoIndex: weighed avg of the 4 above indexes All data can be downloaded on an USB pen and elaborated on the driver s web profile on the eco:drive community Every figure is shown in real time by the «Live» version (available as OPT on FIAT 5ooL) and as a global score for the last mission
Eco:Drive «Quattroruote» description of FIAT 5ooL HMI FIAT 5ooL central display The 5ooL commercial foldout advertises up to 16% fuel saving potential
Eco:Drive data (1st version) A data set logged from Eco:Drive systems (Oct. 2009 Jan 2010) is used for the analysis
Eco:Drive Quattroruote 1/2 (NOV 2012 special issue) 10 vehicles have beeen driven twice by non-professional drivers before and after having attended an «eco-driving lesson» 1st trip avg fuel consumption [l/100km] avg speed [km/h] 2nd trip avg fuel consumption [l/100km] avg speed [km/h] Alfa Romeo MiTo TwinAir 8.3 52 5.1 54 Audi A3 2.0 TDI 9.2 54 5.3 54 BMW 320d Touring 6.5 54 5.5 53 Fiat 5ooL Multijet (white) 6.2 53 4.5 53 Fiat 5ooL Multijet (red) 5.8 53 4.9 56 Ford B-Max 1.0 120CV 7.1 51 5.5 51 Honda CR-V 2.2 i-dtec 9.2 50 6.7 53 Range Evoque 2.2 SD4 9.4 52 7.8 57 Mercedes A 200 CDI 6.0 43 5.2 46 Toyota Yaris 1.5 Hybrid 5.5 48 4.1 48
Eco:Drive Quattroruote 2/2 (NOV 2012 special issue) Avg saving among the 10 vehicles was 24% Avg saving for the two FIAT 5ooL vehicles was 21%
Eco:Drive outlook Fuel consumption saving: 6% on average (up to 16%) Over 80000 users fully exploited the eco:drive benefits since its introduction in 2009 by accessing the community on the website http://www.fiat.com/ecodrive The vers. 2.0 will be available on new model types, will benefit of substantial improvements, beyond the Live HMI already available on FIAT 5ooL The eco:drive will be proposed as standard equipment Due to the additional fuel saving benefits with respect to the GSI, FGA plans to submit an application for the eco:drive to be acknowledged and rewarded as an eco-innovation
MAC operated at higher ambient Item currently discussed within ACEA WG-AC Ambient temperature and air humidity distribution are the load condition of the Mobile Air Conditioning system MAC overconsumption as a function of ambient air enthalpy FGA LCCP model based on vehicle tests MAC overconsumption potential saving by using MAC ctrl strategy Work finalized in the SAE paper 2013-01-1506
Ambient description 1/2 A DB giving the hourly distribution over the year in most of world cities was exploited (shown: Brussels profiles) 20 temperature ( C) Filter was applied: 6-23 h were retained The A/C load may be effectively described by the enthalpy, combining both the temperature (sensible heat) and humidity (latent heat) contributions 15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 50 40 enthalpy (kj/kg) 100 95 r.h. (%) 30 20 90 85 80 10 75 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 70 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Ambient description - 2/2 Deeper dive in the DB: Brussels daily distribution in January The highlighted 8 & 18 inside the 6 23 «workable hours» were retained in the model 20 15 10 5 temperature ( C) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 50 40 enthalpy (kj/kg) 100 95 r.h. (%) 30 90 20 85 80 10 75 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
Mobile Air Conditioning System fuel consumption Subcompact (B-Segment) vehicle equipped with a diesel engine Up-to-date technology Mobile Air Conditioning system Test conditions: 15 C & 70% rh (mid season) 25 C & 50% rh (avg Eu summer) 35 C & 60% (extreme Eu summer) 30% 20% 10% MAC fuel over-consumption is 0% almost linear wrt ambient air enthalpy MAC fuel over-consumption 7% (15 C & 70%) 14% (25 C & 50%) 25% (35 C & 60%) 0 50 100 150 ambient air enthalpy (kj/kg)
The FGA LCCP model Life Cycle Climate Performance is the GHGE portion of the LCA FGA developed a proprietary LCCP model to assess both the refrigerant (direct) emissions (Leak40 ) and the CO2 (indirect) emissions linked to the fuel consumption due to the MAC operation Assumptions in the vehicle and MAC use: mileage = 15000 km/y (Eu avg) daily operation 365/365 at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. (home / workplace commuting) no sun radiation MACS operated according to comfort and safety requirements operated over 25 kj/kg ambient air enthalpy (ASHRAE comfort condition), i.e. 10 C&70% r.h, 13 C&50% r.h. and 16 C&30% cabin temperature control set to 22 C Compared with the GREEN MAC LCCP (SAE 2010-01-1208), whose predictions are based on bench test results, the FGA model featured a difference in MAC fuel overconsumption predictions of +30% on average Fuel overconsumption prediction (in the table on the right: subcompact vehicle) is in line with figures available in literature Engine type Ambient Small Diesel Small Petrol cold (Copenhaghen, Oslo, Stockholm) intermediate (Brussels, London, Paris) extreme (Athens, Lisbon, Rome) 4 5% 6 8% 10 11% 6 8% 9 12% 16 17%
Fuel Efficiency with MAC operation strategy MAC use time in Brussels would be reduced according to the graphs: MAC OFF (red) 75 h 50 h 25 h T > 0 C 75 h 50 h 25 h T > 5 C MAC ON (blue) 0 h 0 h -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Ambient air enthalpy (kj/kg) 75 h T > 10 C 75 h T > 15 C 75 h T > 20 C 50 h 50 h 50 h 25 h 25 h 25 h 0 h 0 h 0 h -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Ambient air enthalpy (kj/kg) Ambient air enthalpy (kj/kg) Ambient air enthalpy (kj/kg) Ambient air enthalpy (kj/kg)
Fuel Efficiency with MAC operation strategy MAC use time would be reduced according to the graph in the: Major markets capital towns Hottest Eu capital town Coldest Eu capital town Brussels 0% considering only the Eu capitals of countries which registered more than 100,000 vehicles in 2009 Fuel overconsumption reduction due to the MAC use only at temperatures over a certain threshold would be considerably reduced in Brussels MAC use time 100% 75% 50% 25% 96% 74% 49% 24% 8% Berlin Paris London Rome Madrid Stockholm Lisbon Brussels 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C t > 0 C t > 5 C t > 10 C t > 15 C t > 20 C Corresponding savings in fuel 8% 8% 6% 4% 1% costs would be -6, -22, -51, -77 /y -6-22 -51-77 -6% -23% -55% -82%
Potential application An algorithm introduced in the BCU would present to the driver an activated MAC only with an ambient temperature, for instance, over 18 C, independent of the MAC status at the last key off This content may either affect the MAC labeling or being proposed as an eco-innovation
THANK YOU! ANY QUESTIONS? Contact: Roberto Monforte desk: +39 01100 32847 mobile: +39 366 682 1781 roberto.monforte@fiat.com