Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 2013 Yearly report 2014

Mor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 2013 Yearly report 2014 Statistical statement calendar year 2013 Ensuring our transport system helps New Zealand thrive ISSN: 1176-3949

CONTENTS Reported injury crashes 2013 3 National health statistics for road users 105 Breath and blood alcohol statistics 115 Blood alcohol levels for fatally injured drivers 127 International comparisons for road deaths 139 Road user behaviour surveys 155 Driver licence and vehicle fleet statistics 163 New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy serious injury outcome indicars 167 Legislation 173

2 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 Disclaimer All reasonable endeavours are made ensure the accuracy of the information in this report. However, the information is provided without warranties of any kind including accuracy, completeness, timeliness or fitness for any particular purpose. The Ministry of Transport excludes liability for any loss, damage or expense, direct or indirect, and however caused, whether through negligence or otherwise, resulting from any person or organisation's use of, or reliance on, the information provided in this report. Under the terms of the New Zealand Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (BY) licence, this document, and the information contained within it, can be copied, distributed, adapted and otherwise used provided that the Ministry of Transport is attributed as the source of the material the material is not misrepresented or disrted through selective use of the material images contained in the material are not copied The terms of the Ministry s Copyright and disclaimer apply.

REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 2013

4 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

5 CONTENTS: TABLES SECTION 1: HISTORICAL Table 1 Casualty rates hisrical 14 Table 2 Crash rates hisrical 17 Table 2A Crash severity 18 Table 2B Crashes and casualties on open roads and urban roads 18 Table 3 Type of road user killed and injured 19 Table 4 Crashes in holiday periods hisrical 21 SECTION 2: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 5 Age and sex of road users killed and injured 24 Table 6 Age and types of road user killed and injured 24 Table 7 Type of road user killed and injured 28 Table 8 Type of road users killed and injured in each speed limit area during daylight and darkness 29 Table 9 Movement classification of crashes and number of casualties 30 Table 10 Casualties and crashes each month 31 Table 11 Crashes classified by type of movement 33 Table 12 Movement classification of crashes involving cars, SUVs, vans and taxis 34 Table 13 Movement classification of crashes involving buses and trucks 35 Table 14 Movement classification of crashes involving morcycles 36 Table 15 Movement classification of crashes involving pedal cycles 37 Table 16 Movement classification of injury crashes on open and urban roads 38 Table 17 Movement classification of fatal crashes on open and urban roads 38 Table 18 Injury crashes by time of day and day of week 39 Table 19 Fatal crashes by time of day and day of week 40 Table 20 Light and weather conditions prevailing when injury crashes occurred 41 Table 21 Light and weather conditions prevailing when fatal crashes occurred 41 Table 22 Objects collided with in injury crashes on open and urban roads 42 Table 23 Objects collided with in fatal crashes on open and urban roads 43 Table 24 Injury crashes by road feature on open and urban roads 44 Table 25 Fatal crashes by road feature on open and urban roads 45 Table 26 Facrs contributing crashes 47 Table 26A Crashes and casualties where driver alcohol/drugs was a contributing facr 61 Table 26B Crashes and casualties where travelling o fast for conditions was a contributing facr 62

6 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 SECTION 3: TRUCK CASUALTIES Table 27 Truck crashes and casualties hisrical 64 Table 28 Movement classification of injury crashes involving trucks on open and urban roads 65 Table 29 Movement classification of fatal crashes involving trucks on open and urban roads 65 Table 30 Crashes involving trucks by time of day and day of week 66 SECTION 4: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 31 Morcycle rider and pillion casualties hisrical 68 Table 32 Morcyclist crash and casualty rates hisrical 69 Table 33 Movement classification of injury crashes involving morcyclists on open and urban roads 71 Table 34 Movement classification of fatal crashes involving morcyclists on open and urban roads 71 Table 35 Crashes involving morcyclists by time of day and day of week 72 SECTION 5: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 36 Pedal cyclist casualties and population statistics hisrical 74 Table 37 Pedal cyclist casualties and population statistics by age group 75 Table 38 Movement classification of injury crashes involving pedal cyclists on open and urban roads 76 Table 39 Movement classification of fatal crashes involving pedal cyclists on open and urban roads 76 Table 40 Crashes involving pedal cyclists by time of day and day of week 77 SECTION 6: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 41 Pedestrian casualties and population statistics hisrical 80 Table 42 Pedestrian casualties and population statistics by age group 81 Table 43 Injury crashes involving pedestrians by road feature on open and urban roads 82 Table 44 Fatal crashes involving pedestrians by road feature on open and urban roads 83 Table 45 Crashes involving pedestrians by time of day and day of week 84 SECTION 7: LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 46 Crashes and casualties by population centre 86 Table 47 Pedestrian, morcycle and pedal cycle crashes by population centre 88 Table 48 Local body crashes and casualties 90

7 SECTION 8: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES Table 49 Drivers involved in fatal crashes by age and vehicle type 96 Table 50 Drivers involved in injury crashes by age and vehicle type 96 Table 51 Car and van drivers involved in fatal crashes by age group 97 Table 52 Car and van drivers involved in injury crashes by age group 97 Table 53 Car and van drivers involved in fatal crashes by age group and sex 100 Table 54 Car and van drivers involved in injury crashes by age group and sex 100 Table 55 Percentage of crash involved drivers with alcohol/drugs recorded as a facr 102 Table 56 Percentage of crash involved drivers with o fast for conditions recorded as a facr 102 Table 57 Percentage of crash involved drivers with failed give way or sp recorded as a facr 102 SECTION 9: ETHNICITY Table 58 Drivers involved in crashes by ethnic group and crash severity 104 Table 59 Casualties from crashes by ethnic group and crash severity 104

8 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 CONTENTS: FIGURES SECTION 1: HISTORICAL Figure 1 Road deaths 15 Figure 2 Deaths per vehicle and per capita 15 Figure 3 Reported injuries 16 Figure 4 Injuries per vehicle and per capita 16 Figure 5 Proportion of deaths by road user type 20 Figure 6 Proportion of injuries by road user type 20 SECTION 2: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 7 Percentage of road deaths by age and sex 25 Figure 8 Percentage of road injuries by age and sex 25 Figure 9 Percentage of road deaths by age and road user type 26 Figure 10 Percentage of road injuries by age and road user type 27 Figure 11 Type of road user killed and injured 28 Figure 12 Movement classification of crashes 30 Figure 13 Percentage of road injuries by month and type of road user 31 Figure 14 Crash movement classification diagram 32 Figure 15 Injury crashes by time of day and day of week 39 Figure 16 Fatal crashes by time of day and day of week 40 Figure 17 Facrs contributing crashes 46 SECTION 3: TRUCK CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 18 Casualties from truck crashes as a percentage of all road crash casualties 64 SECTION 4: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 19 Morcyclists as a percentage of all road crash casualties 70 Figure 20 Percentage of all morcycle casualties by age and sex 70 Figure 21 Morcycle casualties by time of day and day of week 72 SECTION 5: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 22 Pedal cyclists as a percentage of all road crash casualties 74 Figure 23 Percentage of pedal cyclist casualties by age and gender 75 Figure 24 Pedal cyclist casualties by time of day and day of week 77

9 SECTION 6: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 25 Pedestrians as a percentage of all road crash casualties 80 Figure 26 Percentage of pedestrian casualties by age and sex 81 Figure 27 Percentage of pedestrian casualties by time of day and day of week 84 SECTION 7: LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 28 2013 tal casualties 92 Figure 29 2013 casualties per 10,000 population 93 SECTION 8: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES Figure 30 Percentage of crash involved car drivers by age and sex for fatal crashes 98 Figure 31 Percentage of crash involved car drivers by age and sex for injury crashes 98 Figure 32 Percentage of crash involved car drivers in selected age groups fatal crashes 99 Figure 33 Percentage of crash involved car drivers in selected age groups injury crashes 99 Figure 34 Male drivers as a percentage of all crash involved car drivers all ages 101 Figure 35 Male drivers as a percentage of all crash involved car drivers young drivers 15 29 years 101

10 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 INTRODUCTION AND NOTES INTRODUCTION This statistical statement contains tabulations of information coded from Traffic Crash Reports. To put these data in context, the following is a brief description of the process which has resulted in this publication. When a road traffic crash involves a mor vehicle and results in someone being injured, the law requires that crash be reported. However, comprehensive hospital-based surveys indicate that only about two thirds of such injury crashes are reported the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA). There may also be a reporting bias by type of road user and by day of week and by hour of day and by region. When an injury crash is reported it is attended usually by a police officer. The reporting officer s primary duties are prevent further injury and help those injured. The next duty is a legal one, ascertain whether anyone involved in the crash has committed an offence. After dealing with other duties, this officer completes a Traffic Crash Report (TCR). The TCR is examined and coded by traffic engineers and by NZTA administrative staff. This coded information is then entered in the Crash Analysis System (CAS). After editing and checking, the statistical statement is published. NOTES 1. Under section 22(3) of the Land Transport Act 1998 a driver involved in an accident resulting in death or injury any person... must report the accident in person... as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any case not later than 24 hours after the time of the accident. 2. During the years 1975 1979 a system of crash reporting was used where a preliminary report, containing partial details of each crash, was sent the Ministry of Transport within 24 hours of the crash or of it being reported. After investigations were completed a final report was supplied. By the time of printing, preliminary reports only had been received for a number of crashes. Details of those crashes were incomplete and appeared as unknown in the tables. From 1980 the system returned one report only and as a consequence the number of unknowns has reduced. The following notes give brief explanations of terms used in the tables. 3. Mor vehicle crash: Any crash that occurs on a public road that is attributable directly or indirectly a mor vehicle or its load. Crashes which do not occur on public roads are excluded, for example tracr crashes on farms. The data in this statistical statement includes only crashes that involve a mor vehicle. A crash between a cyclist and a pedestrian, for example, would not be included. 4. Fatal injuries: Up and including 1974, comprised injuries that resulted in death within 28 days of the crash. From, and including, 1975 they comprise injuries that result in death within 30 days of the crash. This is consistent with the international definition. Exclusions: There are a number of cases where road deaths or mor vehicle deaths are not included in the official road ll. They include: > deaths that do not occur on a public road or a road which the public has access (eg race track or farm paddock) > deaths that did not result from injuries sustained in the crash (eg when the coroner determines that a driver died from a heart attack) > suicide or murder > deaths on the road where a mor vehicle was not involved (eg cyclist only crash) These definitions are in line with the most common international definitions. Although these deaths are excluded from the official road ll, a record is kept of the crash details. 5. Serious injuries: Fractures, concussion, internal injuries, crushings, severe cuts and lacerations, severe general shock necessitating medical treatment, and any other injury involving removal and detention in hospital. 6. Minor injuries: Injuries of a minor nature such as sprains and bruises. 7. Crash, casualty, vehicles involved: These terms often cause some confusion. The following example may help clarify their use. If two mor vehicles collide, one mor vehicle crash has taken place. If four people in one of the vehicles were injured and two in the other, then this one crash resulted in six casualties. The number of vehicles involved was two.

REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 2013 11 8. Non-injury crashes: Statistics concerning crashes involving property damage only are not included in this report. The one exception is the tal number of such crashes which is recorded in Section 1, Table 2a. 9. Movement classification of crashes: This is based on the manner in which the vehicles were moving immediately prior the crash. Bicycles are treated as vehicles for this purpose. These movements are divided firstly in broad classes. These classes are used in the tables in this publication. They are then further divided in a series of sub-classes. A diagrammatic representation of the classes and sub-classes is given in Figure 14. 10. Facrs contributing crashes: Table 26 lists the facrs identified as contributing crashes (ie causes of crashes). On each crash report there may be several facrs coded against each vehicle involved in the crash for driver or vehicle faults. In addition, there may be a number of facrs coded on each report for faults of other road users, such as weather or other conditions. A crash report which has more than one cause facr coded will appear more than once in this table. Alcohol facrs: The method of coding alcohol facrs has been changed in order get a more accurate recording of this facr in crashes. Because of this, the number of alcohol facrs shown from 1975 onwards will not be comparable with those of previous years. 11. Open road and urban areas: In all tables where the terms urban and open road are used: > Urban refers all speed limit areas of 70 km/h and under and limited speed zones > Open road refers all speed limit areas of over 70 km/h 12. Rounding: Where percentages are given, these are rounded. This may result in the individual percentages not adding exactly 100. 13. Morcycle/moped: In this document all mopeds and morcycles have been included under the one heading of Morcycles. For the purposes of registration and licensing, a moped has a power output of 2 kw or under and a maximum design speed of 50 km/h or under. 14. Holiday periods: (a) The Christmas New Year holiday period is that which begins in December of the year stated. The length of the official holiday period varies depending on where the statury holidays fall in relation the weekend. When Christmas Eve and New Year s Eve fall on a week day the holiday starts at 4.00pm on 24 December. If the holiday begins on a Monday or a Tuesday then it ends at 6.00am on 3 January (9.6 days). If the holiday begins from Wednesday Friday then it ends at 6.00am on 5 January (11.6 days). When Christmas Eve and New Year s Eve fall on a Saturday the holiday starts at 4.00pm on Friday 23 December and ends at 6.00am on Wednesday 4 January (11.6 days). When Christmas Eve and New Year s Eve fall on a Sunday the holiday starts at 4.00pm on Friday 22 December and ends at 6.00am on Wednesday 3 January (11.6 days). (b) The Easter holiday covers the period from 4.00pm on the Thursday 6.00am on the Tuesday. (c) Queen s Birthday and Labour Weekends cover the periods from 4.00pm on the Friday 6.00am on the Tuesday. 15. Statistics recorded and sred from the Traffic Crash Report: (a) Location of crash Local body name, crash road, nearest side road or landmark and the distance and direction of the crash from that side road or landmark, State highway reference. (b) Type and time Severity of crash (fatal or injury), date, time and day of week, type of collision, vehicle types involved. (c) Vehicle details (for each vehicle involved) Registration number, type (car, truck etc) make and model, year, engine capacity (cm 3 ), warrant/certificate of fitness, parked or reversing, damage (minor, extensive etc), number of passengers and type of w. (d) Driver details (for each driver involved whether injured or not) Whether driver owned vehicle, surname, date of birth, sex, occupation, licence number, licence status (current, disqualified etc), driver injury (killed, serious, minor, none), alcohol suspected, facrs (causes) assigned driver and/or vehicle.

12 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 16. Change in vehicle licensing system: In 1986 the system for licensing vehicles in New Zealand changed. For this reason there are no currently collected statistics that are directly comparable those collected prior this date. From 1986 1997 the number of vehicles used in Table 1 and Table 2 was derived from a model based on hisrical data and the number of new vehicle registrations each year. From 1998, the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing, vehicle numbers include registered cars, vans, trucks, buses, mor caravans, morcycles and mopeds, but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. See page 163 for a breakdown of the fleet at June 30 for the current year.

SECTION 1: HISTORICAL

14 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: CASUALTY RATES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year Population (000) Vehicles* (000) Number of Injuries INJURIES Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles Number of Fatalities FATALITIES Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles 1952 2024.6 494.2 7448 368 150.7 272 13.4 5.5 1953 2074.7 513.7 7686 371 149.6 313 15.1 6.1 1954 2118.4 553.5 7875 372 142.3 360 17.0 6.5 1955 2164.8 601.1 8976 415 149.3 333 15.4 5.5 1956 2209.2 638.3 9758 442 152.9 329 14.9 5.2 1957 2262.8 672.6 11053 489 164.3 384 17.0 5.7 1958 2360.0 702.9 11408 483 162.3 379 16.1 5.4 1959 2359.7 728.2 11703 496 160.7 349 14.8 4.8 1960 2403.6 762.7 12443 518 163.1 374 15.6 4.9 1961 2461.3 806.3 12796 520 158.7 393 16.0 4.9 1962 2515.8 844.1 13776 548 163.2 398 15.8 4.7 1963 2566.8 899.4 14447 563 160.6 394 15.3 4.4 1964 2617.0 963.9 16266 622 168.8 428 16.4 4.4 1965 2663.8 1013.8 17093 642 168.6 559 21.0 5.5 1966 2711.3 1060.2 18194 671 171.6 549 20.2 5.2 1967 2745.0 1087.6 17409 634 160.1 570 20.8 5.2 1968 2773.0 1114.7 17698 638 158.8 522 18.8 4.7 1969 2804.0 1148.7 18726 668 163.0 570 20.3 5.0 1970 2852.1 1208.7 20791 729 172.0 655 23.0 5.4 1971 2898.5 1272.4 21607 746 169.8 677 23.4 5.3 1972 2959.7 1349.1 22315 754 165.4 713 24.1 5.3 1973 3024.9 1438.8 23385 773 162.5 843 27.9 5.9 1974 3091.9 1515.3 20829 674 137.5 676 21.9 4.5 1975 3143.7 1574.5 19839 631 126.0 628 20.0 4.0 1976 3163.4 1631.3 17895 566 109.7 609 19.3 3.7 1977 3166.4 1642.8 17525 554 106.7 702 22.2 4.3 1978 3165.2 1675.1 15178 480 90.6 654 20.7 3.9 1979 3163.9 1732.9 13903 439 80.2 554 17.5 3.2 1980 3176.4 1789.4 15872 500 88.7 599 18.9 3.3 1981 3194.5 1848.6 15479 485 83.7 669 20.9 3.6 1982 3226.8 1882.5 16194 502 86.0 673 20.9 3.6 1983 3264.8 1917.4 16491 505 86.0 644 19.7 3.4 1984 3293.0 1968.9 17524 532 89.0 669 20.3 3.4 1985 3303.1 1996.1 18912 573 94.7 747 22.6 3.7 1986 3313.5 2010.1 18874 570 93.9 766 23.1 3.8 1987 3342.1 2030.6 18728 560 92.2 795 23.8 3.9 1988 3345.2 2045.4 17346 519 84.8 727 21.7 3.6 1989 3369.8 2108.4 16594 492 78.7 755 22.4 3.6 1990 3410.4 2197.7 17719 520 80.6 729 21.4 3.3 1991 3449.7 2220.1 16767 486 75.5 650 18.8 2.9 1992 3485.4 2227.1 16121 463 72.4 646 18.5 2.9 1993 3524.8 2243.8 15108 429 67.3 600 17.0 2.7 1994 3577.2 2289.3 16600 464 72.5 580 16.2 2.5 1995 3643.2 2354.6 16870 463 71.6 582 16.0 2.5 1996 3717.4 2379.8 14796 398 62.2 514 13.8 2.2 1997 3761.1 2392.7 13375 356 55.9 539 14.3 2.3 1998 3790.9 2440.4 12412 327 50.9 501 13.2 2.1 1999 3810.7 2512.3 11999 315 47.8 509 13.4 2.0 2000 3830.8 2601.7 10962 286 42.1 462 12.1 1.8 2001 3850.1 2633.2 12368 321 47.0 455 11.8 1.7 2002 3939.1 2709.5 13918 353 51.4 405 10.3 1.5 2003 4009.2 2801.0 14372 359 51.3 461 11.5 1.6 2004 4060.9 2920.7 13890 342 47.6 435 10.7 1.5 2005 4098.3 3030.4 14451 353 47.7 405 9.9 1.3 2006 4139.5 3124.3 15174 367 48.6 393 9.5 1.3 2007 4228.3 3189.1 16013 379 50.2 421 10.0 1.3 2008 4268.6 3247.8 15174 356 46.7 366 8.6 1.1 2009 4315.8 3220.3 14541 337 45.2 384 8.9 1.2 2010 4367.8 3230.6 14031 321 43.4 375 8.6 1.2 2011 4405.2 3233.6 12574 285 38.9 284 6.4 0.9 2012 4433.0 3250.1 12122 273 37.3 308 6.9 0.9 2013 4471.1 3304.7 11781 264 35.6 254 5.7 0.8 NOTES: Population: From 1997 the population is the estimated resident population at 30 June - SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group. * Vehicles: See Note 16 for details. From 1998 (the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing) vehicle numbers include registered cars, vans, trucks, buses, mor caravans, morcycles and mopeds but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. From 1986 1997 vehicle numbers are estimates. Prior 1986 vehicle numbers were derived from annual licence transactions.

HISTORICAL 15 FIGURE 1: ROAD DEATHS 900 800 700 600 Deaths 500 400 300 200 100 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year FIGURE 2: DEATHS PER VEHICLE AND PER CAPITA 30 7 Deaths / 100,000 population 25 20 15 10 5 Per vehicle Per capita 6 5 4 3 2 1 Deaths / 10,000 vehicles 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year 0

16 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 3: REPORTED INJURIES 25000 20000 Injuries 15000 10000 5000 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year FIGURE 4: INJURIES PER VEHICLE AND PER CAPITA 200 Injuries / 100,000 population 800 600 400 200 Per vehicle Per capita 150 100 50 Injuries / 10,000 vehicles 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year 0

HISTORICAL 17 TABLE 2: CRASH RATES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year Population (000) INJURY Vehicles* (000) Injury crashes Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles FATAL Fatal crashes Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles 1952 2024.6 494.2 5336 264 108.0 253 12.5 5.1 1953 2074.7 513.7 5377 259 104.7 292 14.1 5.7 1954 2118.4 553.5 5561 263 100.5 334 15.8 6.0 1955 2164.8 601.1 6372 294 106.0 304 14.0 5.1 1956 2209.2 638.3 6736 305 105.5 306 13.9 4.8 1957 2262.8 672.6 7593 336 112.9 355 15.7 5.3 1958 2360.0 702.9 7848 333 111.7 346 14.7 4.9 1959 2359.7 728.2 7952 337 109.2 313 13.3 4.3 1960 2403.6 762.7 8503 354 111.5 341 14.2 4.5 1961 2461.3 806.3 8679 353 107.6 352 14.3 4.4 1962 2515.8 844.1 9270 369 109.8 374 14.9 4.4 1963 2566.8 899.4 9514 371 105.8 357 13.9 4.0 1964 2617.0 963.9 10960 419 113.7 376 14.4 3.9 1965 2663.8 1013.8 11377 427 112.2 494 18.5 4.9 1966 2711.3 1060.2 11986 442 113.1 498 18.4 4.7 1967 2745.0 1087.6 11446 417 105.2 501 18.3 4.6 1968 2773.0 1114.7 11600 418 104.1 465 16.8 4.2 1969 2804.0 1148.7 12050 430 104.9 504 18.0 4.4 1970 2852.1 1208.7 12722 446 105.3 578 20.3 4.8 1971 2898.5 1272.4 13404 462 105.3 600 20.7 4.7 1972 2959.7 1349.1 14032 474 104.0 622 21.0 4.6 1973 3024.9 1438.8 14830 490 103.1 741 24.5 5.2 1974 3091.9 1515.3 13497 437 89.1 612 19.8 4.0 1975 3143.7 1574.5 13156 419 83.6 574 18.3 3.6 1976 3163.4 1631.3 11783 373 72.2 538 17.0 3.3 1977 3166.4 1642.8 11443 361 69.7 625 19.7 3.8 1978 3165.2 1675.1 9795 310 58.5 589 18.6 3.5 1979 3163.9 1732.9 9212 291 53.2 502 15.9 2.9 1980 3176.4 1789.4 10204 321 57.0 535 16.8 3.0 1981 3194.5 1848.6 10079 316 54.5 586 18.3 3.2 1982 3226.8 1882.5 10656 330 56.6 603 18.7 3.2 1983 3264.8 1917.4 10951 335 57.1 568 17.4 3.0 1984 3293.0 1968.9 11949 363 60.7 612 18.6 3.1 1985 3303.1 1996.1 12894 390 64.6 660 20.0 3.3 1986 3313.5 2010.1 12806 387 63.7 656 19.8 3.3 1987 3342.1 2030.6 12674 379 62.4 687 20.6 3.4 1988 3345.2 2045.4 11936 357 58.4 624 18.7 3.1 1989 3369.8 2108.4 11395 338 54.0 646 19.2 3.1 1990 3410.4 2197.7 12179 357 55.4 637 18.7 2.9 1991 3449.7 2220.1 11609 337 52.3 554 16.1 2.5 1992 3485.4 2227.1 11093 318 49.8 542 15.6 2.4 1993 3524.8 2243.8 10477 297 46.7 517 14.7 2.3 1994 3577.2 2289.3 11380 318 49.7 496 13.9 2.2 1995 3643.2 2354.6 11718 322 49.8 502 13.8 2.1 1996 3717.4 2379.8 10107 272 42.5 457 12.3 1.9 1997 3761.1 2392.7 9013 240 37.7 468 12.4 2.0 1998 3790.9 2440.4 8334 220 34.2 435 11.5 1.8 1999 3810.7 2512.3 8010 210 31.9 434 11.4 1.7 2000 3830.8 2601.7 7447 194 28.6 383 10.0 1.5 2001 3850.1 2633.2 8470 220 32.2 395 10.3 1.5 2002 3939.1 2709.5 9798 249 36.2 365 9.3 1.3 2003 4009.2 2801.0 10210 255 36.5 405 10.1 1.4 2004 4060.9 2920.7 9992 246 34.2 375 9.2 1.3 2005 4098.3 3030.4 10467 255 34.5 341 8.3 1.1 2006 4139.5 3124.3 10943 264 35.0 350 8.5 1.1 2007 4228.3 3189.1 11667 276 36.6 375 8.9 1.2 2008 4268.6 3247.8 11316 265 34.8 331 7.8 1.0 2009 4315.8 3220.3 10788 250 33.5 337 7.8 1.0 2010 4367.8 3230.6 10549 242 32.7 337 7.7 1.0 2011 4405.2 3233.6 9545 217 29.5 259 5.9 0.8 2012 4433.0 3250.1 9337 211 28.7 267 6.0 0.8 2013 4471.1 3304.7 9109 204 27.6 239 5.3 0.7 NOTES: Population: From 1997 the population is the estimated resident population at 30 June - SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group. * Vehicles: See Note 16 for details. From 1998 (the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing) vehicle numbers include registered cars, vans, trucks, buses, mor caravans, morcycles and mopeds but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. From 1986 1997 vehicle numbers are estimates. Prior 1986 vehicle numbers were derived from annual licence transactions.

18 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2A: CRASH SEVERITY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER NUMBER OF CRASHES NUMBER OF CASUALTIES Year Fatal Serious Minor Non-injury Fatal Serious Minor 1986 656 4206 8600-766 5297 13577 1987 687 4036 8640-796 5177 13551 1988 624 3498 8443-727 4371 12983 1989 649 3067 8336 18384 758 3948 12672 1990 638 3451 8741 20230 730 4415 13326 1991 555 3190 8506 20248 651 4056 12839 1992 542 2717 8394 19563 646 3425 12728 1993 517 2533 7986 18198 600 3221 11945 1994 496 2583 8797 18437 580 3268 13332 1995 502 2473 9245 22306 582 3153 13717 1996 457 2321 7786 23000 514 2939 11857 1997 468 2030 6983 23973 539 2611 10764 1998 435 1899 6435 22904 501 2400 10012 1999 434 1904 6106 24284 509 2428 9571 2000 383 1769 5678 23961 462 2243 8719 2001 395 1918 6552 27114 455 2435 9933 2002 365 2111 7687 27697 405 2600 11318 2003 405 2041 8169 27058 461 2578 11794 2004 375 2022 7970 26393 435 2491 11399 2005 341 2071 8396 27217 405 2531 11920 2006 350 2137 8806 28171 393 2629 12545 2007 375 2116 9551 29317 421 2654 13359 2008 331 2098 9218 27527 366 2531 12643 2009 337 1961 8827 26901 384 2425 12116 2010 337 1859 8690 25864 375 2289 11742 2011 259 1717 7828 22530 284 2060 10514 2012 267 1730 7607 20735 308 2073 10049 2013 239 1653 7456 20622 254 1981 9800 NOTE: Non-injury crash data began nationally in 1989. TABLE 2B: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES ON OPEN ROADS AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER OPEN ROADS URBAN ROADS Year Fatal crashes Injury Deaths Injuries Fatal crashes Injury Deaths Injuries crashes crashes 1986 378 3488 464 6310 278 9321 302 12564 1987 417 3638 499 6536 270 9038 297 12192 1988 383 3375 465 6021 241 8566 262 11333 1989 420 3401 505 5983 229 8002 253 10637 1990 396 3699 470 6502 242 8493 260 11239 1991 362 3898 449 6655 193 7798 202 10240 1992 342 3741 429 6377 200 7370 217 9776 1993 344 3554 402 6093 173 6965 198 9073 1994 353 3733 426 6387 143 7647 154 10213 1995 343 4085 407 6730 159 7633 175 10140 1996 308 3652 357 6138 149 6455 157 8658 1997 333 3201 393 5513 135 5812 146 7862 1998 291 3166 350 5393 144 5168 151 7019 1999 320 3139 389 5394 114 4871 120 6605 2000 286 2960 360 4960 97 4487 102 6002 2001 285 3390 342 5593 110 5080 113 6775 2002 265 3773 298 6037 100 6025 107 7881 2003 288 4071 338 6425 117 6139 123 7947 2004 272 4011 322 6198 103 5981 113 7692 2005 248 4238 306 6485 93 6229 99 7966 2006 246 4345 285 6631 104 6598 108 8543 2007 271 4604 315 6924 104 7063 106 9089 2008 244 4325 275 6327 87 6991 91 8847 2009 245 4126 282 6181 92 6662 102 8360 2010 239 4090 266 5981 98 6459 109 8050 2011 183 3722 205 5341 76 5823 79 7233 2012 206 3559 244 5136 61 5778 64 6986 2013 173 3466 184 4874 66 5643 70 6907 NOTES: For urban/open road classification see Note 11. Hisrical data in these tables may not agree exactly with other tables as the data files have been updated prior the data extraction for these new tables.

HISTORICAL 19 TABLE 3: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year Drivers of mor vehicles Passengers in mor vehicles Morcyclist and pillion passengers Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users Unknown (1) Total casualties 1951 1387 (60) 2399 (79) 1117 (47) 1033 (32) 918 (70) 88 (4) - (-) 6942 (292) 1952 1590 (49) 2482 (62) 1338 (66) 1077 (31) 902 (64) 54 (-) - (-) 7443 (272) 1953 1643 (58) 2686 (72) 1293 (72) 1002 (26) 1012 (83) 52 (2) - (-) 7688 (313) 1954 1739 (72) 2700 (90) 1312 (73) 1055 (37) 1019 (87) 51 (1) - (-) 7876 (360) 1955 2144 (78) 3161 (67) 1295 (80) 1202 (26) 1114 (81) 61 (1) - (-) 8977 (333) 1956 2473 (87) 3605 (99) 1269 (37) 1176 (19) 1173 (86) 63 (1) - (-) 9759 (329) 1957 2964 (92) 4098 (103) 1397 (48) 1304 (41) 1243 (98) 49 (2) - (-) 11055 (384) 1958 2992 (101) 4148 (104) 1629 (46) 1329 (38) 1272 (89) 39 (1) - (-) 11409 (379) 1959 3076 (93) 4307 (99) 1673 (37) 1291 (27) 1313 (93) 43 (-) - (-) 11703 (349) 1960 3478 (92) 4685 (123) 1625 (36) 1281 (30) 1347 (92) 28 (1) - (-) 12444 (374) 1961 3679 (103) 4757 (113) 1629 (43) 1354 (32) 1341 (101) 37 (1) - (-) 12797 (393) 1962 4038 (124) 5087 (108) 1749 (46) 1401 (31) 1447 (88) 55 (1) - (-) 13777 (398) 1963 4477 (115) 5409 (110) 1711 (44) 1320 (27) 1517 (95) 46 (3) - (-) 14480 (394) 1964 5166 (148) 6204 (116) 2016 (40) 1315 (26) 1524 (97) 44 (1) - (-) 16269 (428) 1965 5570 (181) 6540 (170) 2061 (48) 1289 (33) 1587 (123) 50 (4) - (-) 17097 (559) 1966 6144 (196) 7120 (162) 2072 (42) 1205 (29) 1609 (114) 50 (6) - (-) 18200 (549) 1967 5944 (198) 6812 (188) 1918 (46) 1132 (25) 1566 (109) 41 (4) - (-) 17413 (570) 1968 6282 (174) 6828 (179) 1807 (28) 1083 (24) 1658 (116) 41 (1) - (-) 17699 (522) 1969 6566 (204) 7474 (179) 1909 (36) 1039 (33) 1696 (118) 42 (-) - (-) 18726 (570) 1970 7701 (269) 8122 (211) 2077 (43) 1041 (28) 1786 (101) 67 (3) - (-) 20794 (655) 1971 7558 (253) 8148 (227) 2911 (52) 1083 (29) 1861 (113) 49 (3) - (-) 21610 (677) 1972 7324 (260) 8147 (225) 3766 (79) 1029 (22) 1994 (125) 57 (2) - (-) 22317 (713) 1973 7682 (273) 8236 (250) 4224 (130) 1018 (30) 2180 (157) 48 (3) - (-) 23388 (843) 1974 6819 (225) 6896 (190) 4092 (107) 969 (26) 2024 (125) 32 (3) - (-) 20832 (676) 1975 6266 (230) 6000 (170) 3625 (96) 745 (18) 1747 (112) 38 (2) 1420 (-) 19841 (628) 1976 5796 (221) 5746 (180) 3330 (92) 736 (14) 1476 (102) 29 (-) 782 (-) 17895 (609) 1977 5937 (252) 5526 (207) 3016 (98) 631 (21) 1448 (124) 21 (-) 946 (-) 17525 (702) 1978 4990 (228) 4831 (176) 2713 (104) 588 (30) 1224 (116) 7 (-) 825 (-) 15178 (654) 1979 4465 (200) 4071 (140) 2810 (90) 623 (15) 1157 (106) 14 (3) 766 (-) 13906 (554) 1980 5592 (223) 5054 (163) 3222 (91) 741 (22) 1249 (98) 12 (1) 2 (1) 15872 (599) 1981 5509 (223) 4692 (205) 3377 (116) 756 (21) 1123 (104) 20 (-) 2 (-) 15479 (669) 1982 5668 (264) 4934 (177) 3568 (113) 886 (30) 1128 (89) 10 (-) - (-) 16194 (673) 1983 6121 (218) 4851 (196) 3451 (108) 912 (19) 1147 (102) 9 (1) - (-) 16491 (644) 1984 6687 (217) 4778 (176) 3746 (125) 957 (31) 1343 (119) 12 (1) 1 (-) 17524 (669) 1985 7358 (284) 5240 (185) 3940 (132) 1120 (21) 1229 (125) 10 (-) 15 (-) 18912 (747) 1986 7601 (287) 5382 (218) 3593 (127) 1012 (22) 1268 (112) 17 (-) 1 (-) 18874 (766) 1987 7814 (307) 5196 (216) 3389 (144) 1058 (18) 1261 (110) 10 (-) - (-) 18728 (795) 1988 7381 (270) 4862 (206) 2862 (146) 1097 (20) 1122 (83) 15 (2) 7 (-) 17346 (727) 1989 7295 (289) 4722 (224) 2467 (139) 1054 (20) 1044 (81) 12 (1) - (-) 16594 (754) 1990 8236 (278) 5054 (205) 2203 (114) 1053 (27) 1161 (104) 12 (1) - (-) 17719 (729) 1991 7838 (278) 4858 (183) 2061 (78) 1000 (22) 1015 (88) 5 (1) - (-) 16777 (650) 1992 7788 (286) 4564 (179) 1816 (88) 941 (17) 1007 (76) 5 (-) - (-) 16121 (646) 1993 7515 (259) 4159 (167) 1561 (80) 910 (17) 949 (74) 14 (3) - (-) 15108 (600) 1994 8324 (272) 4606 (166) 1721 (72) 882 (15) 1063 (54) 4 (1) - (-) 16600 (580) 1995 8818 (249) 4637 (168) 1539 (78) 813 (15) 1053 (71) 10 (1) - (-) 16870 (582) 1996 7653 (238) 4184 (151) 1223 (48) 754 (13) 969 (63) 13 (1) - (-) 14796 (514) 1997 6825 (252) 3747 (165) 1142 (56) 724 (12) 925 (54) 12 (-) - (-) 13375 (539) 1998 6403 (221) 3471 (139) 969 (54) 626 (16) 930 (71) 13 (-) - (-) 12412 (501) 1999 6311 (255) 3367 (141) 791 (42) 619 (8) 895 (63) 16 (-) - (-) 11999 (509) 2000 5667 (244) 3068 (132) 697 (31) 559 (19) 953 (35) 18 (1) - (-) 10962 (462) 2001 6655 (233) 3336 (125) 669 (35) 696 (10) 986 (52) 26 (-) - (-) 12368 (455) 2002 7662 (220) 3641 (96) 744 (30) 771 (14) 1065 (45) 35 (-) - (-) 13918 (405) 2003 8204 (235) 3601 (133) 761 (28) 722 (6) 1058 (58) 26 (1) - (-) 14372 (461) 2004 8043 (222) 3384 (133) 721 (34) 716 (7) 999 (38) 27 (1) - (-) 13890 (435) 2005 8308 (203) 3521 (123) 903 (36) 751 (12) 943 (31) 25 (-) - (-) 14451 (405) 2006 8612 (191) 3713 (108) 1017 (38) 833 (9) 960 (44) 39 (3) - (-) 15174 (393) 2007 9131 (202) 3758 (119) 1336 (41) 880 (12) 868 (45) 40 (2) - (-) 16013 (421) 2008 8536 (163) 3365 (104) 1396 (51) 895 (10) 939 (31) 43 (7) - (-) 15174 (366) 2009 8017 (192) 3370 (103) 1369 (48) 825 (8) 914 (31) 46 (2) - (-) 14541 (384) 2010 7848 (180) 3022 (98) 1300 (50) 844 (10) 967 (35) 50 (2) - (-) 14031 (375) 2011 6996 (150) 2685 (61) 1178 (33) 783 (9) 884 (31) 48 (-) - (-) 12574 (284) 2012 6799 (135) 2422 (82) 1138 (50) 798 (8) 917 (33) 48 (-) - (-) 12122 (308) 2013 6569 (126) 2307 (49) 1188 (39) 817 (8) 839 (30) 61 (2) - (-) 11781 (254) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent tals. (1) See Note 2.

20 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 5: PROPORTION OF DEATHS BY ROAD USER TYPE 1 Proportion of all deaths 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Cyclists Pedestrians Mor cyclists Passengers Drivers 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year FIGURE 6: PROPORTION OF INJURIES BY ROAD USER TYPE 1 Proportion of all injuries 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Cyclists Pedestrians Mor cyclists Passengers Drivers

HISTORICAL 21 TABLE 4: CRASHES IN HOLIDAY PERIODS HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Christmas New Year Easter Queen s Birthday Labour Weekend Year Crashes Casualties Period (days) Crashes Casualties Crashes Casualties Crashes Casualties 1956 211 342 (12) 9.6 96 145 (6) 121 202 (1) 90 153 (3) 1957 244 400 (13) 9.6 158 254 (7) 109 169 (4) 109 170 (3) 1958 232 358 (15) 11.6 170 275 (13) 121 185 (9) 104 174 (5) 1959 321 506 (8) 11.6 154 251 (4) 143 214 (2) 122 177 (5) 1960 252 414 (18) 11.6 155 256 (12) 140 225 (5) 123 210 (5) 1961 228 346 (13) 11.6 143 235 (8) 107 185 (8) 96 182 (3) 1962 255 421 (10) 9.6 159 298 (10) 136 221 (6) 130 210 (3) 1963 276 457 (11) 9.6 179 308 (10) 176 298 (6) 152 251 (8) 1964 302 500 (13) 11.6 192 340 (11) 178 279 (6) 169 291 (4) 1965 343 557 (19) 11.6 218 372 (16) 166 256 (7) 153 250 (6) 1966 448 749 (9) 11.6 236 382 (7) 174 281 (12) 146 269 (10) 1967 253 399 (20) 11.6 203 306 (13) 171 281 (7) 139 232 (9) 1968 288 429 (20) 9.6 189 317 (8) 191 317 (7) 169 292 (13) 1969 403 713 (18) 11.6 176 328 (12) 204 357 (11) 175 298 (9) 1970 453 824 (26) 11.6 196 367 (8) 144 251 (9) 157 290 (10) 1971 468 819 (34) 11.6 215 425 (21) 174 284 (6) 170 340 (8) 1972 477 826 (37) 11.6 234 421 (15) 154 243 (15) 202 363 (10) 1973 366 585 (16) 9.6 229 415 (16) 210 352 (24) 208 399 (11) 1974 363 574 (29) 9.6 245 434 (17) 163 257 (15) 194 352 (6) 1975 401 628 (24) 11.6 202 327 (15) 185 273 (9) 186 290 (12) 1976 360 584 (19) 11.6 216 346 (11) 165 238 (17) 151 263 (3) 1977 399 609 (34) 11.6 182 293 (9) 161 240 (7) 148 252 (2) 1978 244 346 (30) 11.6 158 259 (7) 132 208 (22) 120 205 (16) 1979 257 416 (13) 9.6 144 219 (10) 105 154 (7) 115 202 (8) 1980 273 481 (32) 11.6 138 213 (15) 122 197 (7) 139 232 (9) 1981 356 602 (35) 11.6 136 248 (5) 114 158 (15) 147 266 (10) 1982 289 473 (18) 11.6 150 240 (13) 144 229 (9) 136 208 (7) 1983 341 523 (17) 11.6 164 285 (11) 142 211 (5) 144 248 (13) 1984 282 439 (13) 9.6 160 258 (15) 134 223 (11) 140 218 (9) 1985 338 532 (25) 9.6 177 291 (9) 156 231 (12) 133 225 (10) 1986 369 554 (31) 11.6 168 254 (15) 149 239 (13) 146 232 (6) 1987 344 544 (22) 11.6 163 254 (19) 161 259 (8) 157 243 (12) 1988 378 594 (16) 11.6 186 283 (12) 132 202 (8) 142 213 (10) 1989 377 596 (19) 11.6 153 214 (16) 140 214 (13) 120 181 (5) 1990 313 487 (18) 9.6 155 237 (17) 150 220 (9) 141 225 (9) 1991 332 537 (17) 9.6 162 238 (12) 119 177 (6) 107 180 (11) 1992 340 528 (29) 11.6 129 185 (12) 107 172 (9) 133 178 (9) 1993 244 372 (17) 11.6 103 165 (11) 118 179 (3) 93 149 (8) 1994 339 542 (19) 11.6 141 228 (10) 134 214 (7) 134 191 (7) 1995 380 598 (26) 11.6 137 192 (9) 120 189 (2) 143 220 (7) 1996 272 432 (14) 9.6 141 229 (7) 120 186 (10) 100 153 (5) 1997 248 387 (26) 11.6 132 218 (6) 108 156 (7) 80 119 (5) 1998 247 391 (24) 11.6 109 176 (3) 90 134 (4) 82 124 (8) 1999 249 398 (17) 11.6 99 145 (7) 76 109 (8) 87 139 (6) 2000 251 409 (20) 11.6 96 134 (6) 74 96 (7) 79 141 (7) 2001 250 417 (21) 9.6 101 161 (4) 83 125 (5) 101 142 (6) 2002 222 323 (17) 9.6 126 214 (3) 94 141 (3) 98 135 (3) 2003 272 408 (13) 11.6 126 190 (3) 84 131 (4) 80 117 (3) 2004 318 513 (11) 11.6 122 170 (4) 112 146 (4) 87 136 (5) 2005 313 488 (22) 11.6 142 209 (9) 99 136 (3) 85 112 (3) 2006 294 444 (9) 11.6 119 170 (5) 106 154 (3) 128 199 (3) 2007 266 413 (18) 9.6 144 206 (6) 129 188 (5) 100 145 (4) 2008 334 458 (25) 11.6 142 196 (9) 119 167 (3) 101 159 (4) 2009 309 416 (13) 11.6 132 193 (7) 120 159 (10) 95 132 (9) 2010 275 381 (12) 11.6 157 231 (12) 94 129 (2) 94 125 (8) 2011 300 400 (19) 11.6 141 204 (5) 85 107 (1) 78 109 (8) 2012 243 353 (6) 9.6 102 135 (0) 80 107 (7) 84 112 (6) 2013 109 137 (3) 64 86 (0) 84 111 (1) NOTES: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent injury figures. For the Christmas New Year holiday period the year refers the year in which the holiday period began. The number of days covered by the Christmas holiday period can vary. For the other three holiday periods the number of days is the same for all years. Also see Note 14.

22 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

SECTION 2: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

24 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 5: AGE AND SEX OF ROAD USERS KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group Females Males Unknown Total casualties years Under 5 41 (1) 72 (4) 1 (-) 114 (5) 5 9 125 (-) 127 (-) 1 (-) 253 (-) 10 14 135 (-) 198 (1) 3 (-) 336 (1) 15 19 591 (10) 808 (21) 1 (-) 1400 (31) 20 24 729 (9) 1005 (23) 2 (-) 1736 (32) 25 29 520 (5) 662 (13) 1 (-) 1183 (18) 30 34 373 (5) 487 (7) 1 (-) 861 (12) 35 39 313 (1) 437 (11) - (-) 750 (12) 40 44 340 (6) 495 (12) 1 (-) 836 (18) 45 49 327 (3) 444 (12) - (-) 771 (15) 50 54 326 (7) 448 (19) 1 (-) 775 (26) 55 59 276 (5) 342 (12) - (-) 618 (17) 60 64 213 (4) 278 (6) 1 (-) 492 (10) 65 69 158 (5) 191 (3) - (-) 349 (8) 70 74 129 (2) 142 (9) - (-) 271 (11) 75 79 105 (-) 86 (6) - (-) 191 (6) 80 and over 169 (12) 159 (17) - (-) 328 (29) Unknown age 234 (2) 240 (1) 43 (-) 517 (3) TOTALS 5104 (77) 6621 (177) 56 (-) 11781 (254) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent tals. TABLE 6: AGE AND TYPES OF ROAD USERS KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcycle drivers Morcycle pillions Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users Total casualties Under 5 - (-) 72 (3) 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 36 (2) 2 (-) 114 (5) 5 9 - (-) 148 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 15 (-) 78 (-) 6 (-) 253 (-) 10 14 12 (-) 132 (1) 9 (-) 6 (-) 71 (-) 91 (-) 15 (-) 336 (1) 15 19 662 (14) 417 (14) 134 (-) 6 (-) 84 (-) 87 (3) 10 (-) 1400 (31) 20 24 1056 (19) 370 (6) 168 (6) 8 (-) 61 (-) 70 (1) 3 (-) 1736 (32) 25 29 776 (9) 197 (4) 106 (2) 7 (-) 57 (-) 39 (3) 1 (-) 1183 (18) 30 34 555 (7) 103 (-) 95 (1) 5 (-) 61 (1) 42 (3) - (-) 861 (12) 35 39 481 (8) 82 (-) 78 (4) 7 (-) 76 (-) 26 (-) - (-) 750 (12) 40 44 541 (10) 85 (1) 108 (2) 1 (1) 72 (-) 28 (4) 1 (-) 836 (18) 45 49 479 (5) 68 (1) 112 (4) 6 (-) 71 (1) 35 (4) - (-) 771 (15) 50 54 486 (11) 71 (3) 113 (8) 7 (-) 62 (2) 34 (2) 2 (-) 775 (26) 55 59 378 (8) 60 (2) 88 (4) 2 (-) 53 (2) 36 (1) 1 (-) 618 (17) 60 64 323 (7) 56 (2) 36 (1) 4 (-) 40 (-) 32 (-) 1 (-) 492 (10) 65 69 219 (2) 48 (2) 29 (2) 3 (-) 20 (-) 27 (2) 3 (-) 349 (8) 70 74 172 (6) 46 (-) 15 (4) - (-) 13 (-) 24 (1) 1 (-) 271 (11) 75 79 127 (4) 31 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 5 (1) 21 (1) 4 (-) 191 (6) 80 and over 218 (16) 42 (7) 3 (-) - (-) 6 (1) 49 (3) 10 (2) 328 (29) Unknown age 84 (-) 279 (3) 14 (-) 6 (-) 49 (-) 84 (-) 1 (-) 517 (3) TOTALS 6569 (126) 2307 (49) 1113 (38) 75 (1) 817 (8) 839 (30) 61 (2) 11781 (254) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent tals. (1) Includes unknown.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 25 FIGURE 7: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD DEATHS BY AGE AND SEX 15% Percent of deaths 10% 5% Female Male 0% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age group FIGURE 8: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD INJURIES BY AGE AND SEX 20% Percent of injuries 15% 10% 5% Female Male 0% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age group

26 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 9: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD DEATHS BY AGE AND ROAD USER TYPE Percent of deaths 8 6 DRIVERS 4 2 0 8 6 PASSENGERS 4 2 0 MOTORCYCLISTS 2 0 PEDESTRIANS 2 0 CYCLISTS 2 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 27 FIGURE 10: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD INJURIES BY AGE AND ROAD USER TYPE Percent of injuries 8 6 4 DRIVERS 2 0 6 4 PASSENGERS 2 0 6 4 MOTORCYCLISTS 2 0 PEDESTRIANS 2 0 CYCLISTS 2 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age

28 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 7: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Type of road user Killed Serious injury Minor injury Totals DRIVERS OF: Car 93 573 4564 5230 Taxi - - 22 22 SUV 17 79 509 605 Van 11 102 467 580 Truck 5 31 179 215 Bus - 2 16 18 Morcycle 38 345 768 1151 Other - 8 17 25 Unknown - - - - SUBTOTAL 164 1140 6542 7846 PASSENGERS FROM: Car 29 292 1422 1743 Taxi - 2 4 6 SUV 4 41 235 280 Van 13 64 178 255 Truck 2 6 25 33 Bus 1 5 27 33 Morcycle 1 23 52 76 Other - 4 3 7 Unknown - - - - SUBTOTAL 50 437 1946 2433 OTHER ROAD USERS: Pedal cyclists 8 170 646 824 Pedestrian 30 221 618 869 Other and Unknown 2 13 48 63 SUBTOTAL 40 404 1312 1756 TOTAL ALL CASUALTIES 254 1981 9800 12035 FIGURE 11: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED AND INJURED 50 Driver 56 19 Passenger 20 15 Morcyclist 10 12 Pedestrian 7 3 Cyclist 7 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Percent of deaths Percent of injuries

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 29 TABLE 8: TYPE OF ROAD USERS KILLED AND INJURED IN EACH SPEED LIMIT AREA DURING DAYLIGHT AND DARKNESS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 ROAD USER 50 KM/H OR LESS 60-70 KM/H 80-100 KM/H UNKNOWN SPEED LIMIT / LIGHT TOTALS Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark DRIVERS OF: Car 1803 (9) 785 (10) 203 (5) 96 (3) 1485 (40) 761 (26) 4 (-) 3491 (54) 1642 (39) Taxi 16 (-) 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 18 (-) 4 (-) SUV 124 (1) 46 (-) 35 (-) 12 (1) 261 (11) 109 (4) 1 (-) 420 (12) 167 (5) Van 140 (-) 52 (-) 32 (1) 9 (-) 229 (6) 107 (4) - (-) 401 (7) 168 (4) Truck 31 (-) 11 (-) 10 (-) 1 (-) 114 (3) 43 (2) - (-) 155 (3) 55 (2) Bus 6 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 14 (-) 4 (-) Morcycle 485 (2) 191 (3) 35 (3) 19 (-) 323 (24) 59 (6) 1 (-) 843 (29) 269 (9) Other 8 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 15 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 23 (-) 2 (-) Unknown - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) SUBTOTAL 2613 (12) 1090 (13) 317 (9) 138 (4) 2435 (84) 1083 (42) 6 (-) 5365 (105) 2311 (59) PASSENGERS FROM: Car 471 (-) 312 (2) 63 (-) 59 (3) 516 (13) 293 (11) - (-) 1050 (13) 664 (16) Taxi 1 (-) 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) 4 (-) SUV 49 (-) 12 (-) 10 (-) 3 (1) 132 (2) 70 (1) - (-) 191 (2) 85 (2) Van 49 (2) 22 (-) 5 (-) 2 (1) 95 (4) 69 (6) - (-) 149 (6) 93 (7) Truck 11 (1) 5 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 13 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 25 (2) 6 (-) Bus 7 (1) 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 22 (-) - (-) - (-) 31 (1) 1 (-) Morcycle 18 (-) 13 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 31 (1) 9 (-) - (-) 52 (1) 23 (-) Other 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) 1 (-) Unknown - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) SUBTOTAL 609 (4) 370 (2) 84 (-) 65 (5) 813 (21) 442 (18) - (-) 1506 (25) 877 (25) OTHER ROAD USERS: Pedal cyclists 595 (3) 109 (-) 41 (-) 6 (-) 56 (4) 8 (1) 1 (-) 692 (7) 123 (1) Pedestrian 598 (6) 177 (7) 24 (-) 6 (3) 19 (7) 15 (7) - (-) 641 (13) 198 (17) Other and unknown 47 (2) 7 (-) 4 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 53 (2) 8 (-) SUBTOTAL 1240 (11) 293 (7) 69 (-) 13 (3) 77 (11) 23 (8) 1 (-) 1386 (22) 329 (18) TOTAL 4462 (27) 1753 (22) 470 (9) 216 (12) 3325 (116) 1548 (68) 7 (-) 8257 (152) 3517 (102) NOTE: The figures in brackets are numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent injury figures.

30 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 9: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES AND NUMBER OF CASUALTIES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Number of crashes Number of casualties Movement classification Injury Fatal Killed Serious Minor Total Overtaking or lane change 317 13 15 71 325 411 Head on (not overtaking) 468 59 63 253 613 929 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight 1016 24 28 226 1060 1314 While cornering 1986 68 73 503 2040 2616 Collision with obstruction 379 3 3 73 357 433 Rear end 1080 2 2 64 1330 1396 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction 412 4 4 91 465 560 Crossing no turns 637 8 8 117 748 873 Crossing vehicle turning 628 8 8 104 721 833 Vehicles merging 216 2 2 33 228 263 Right turn against 653 5 5 112 750 867 Vehicle manoeuvring 465 9 9 77 482 568 Pedestrian crossing road 644 17 17 174 514 705 Pedestrian other 123 13 13 42 95 150 Miscellaneous 85 4 4 41 72 117 TOTALS 9109 239 254 1981 9800 12035 NOTE: For movement classification see note 9. FIGURE 12: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES 24.7 5.4 Overtaking or lane change Head on 3.5 5.1 28.5 10.0 1.3 Lost control on straight Lost control while cornering Obstruction 4.2 11.2 21.8 0.8 1.7 3.3 Rear end Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns 4.5 7.0 11.9 3.3 0.8 Crossing vehicle turning Merging 2.4 6.9 2.1 Right turn against 7.2 3.8 Manoeuvring 5.1 7.1 Pedestrian crossing road 7.1 5.4 Pedestrian other 1.4 1.7 Miscellaneous 0.9 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 Percent of fatal crashes Percent of injury crashes

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 31 TABLE 10: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES EACH MONTH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 CASUALTIES CRASHES Morcyclist Month Driver Passenger Pedestrian Pedal cyclist Other (2) Totals Number Daily average (1) January 528 (8) 211 (1) 123 (5) 53 (3) 75 (1) 4 (-) 994 (18) 772 (18) 25 February 482 (10) 179 (8) 133 (6) 61 (3) 99 (-) 5 (-) 959 (27) 748 (26) 27 March 658 (10) 245 (4) 138 (-) 79 (3) 79 (4) 2 (-) 1201 (21) 937 (19) 30 April 530 (5) 180 (1) 101 (6) 74 (4) 64 (-) 8 (1) 957 (17) 750 (17) 25 May 601 (11) 201 (7) 93 (3) 72 (1) 82 (1) 7 (-) 1056 (23) 840 (18) 28 June 519 (11) 190 (4) 78 (1) 70 (3) 65 (-) 6 (1) 928 (20) 718 (20) 23 July 565 (12) 180 (4) 86 (1) 94 (2) 67 (2) 6 (-) 998 (21) 770 (21) 25 August 541 (14) 161 (7) 72 (3) 94 (4) 58 (-) 6 (-) 932 (28) 712 (26) 23 September 511 (8) 174 (3) 66 (1) 64 (1) 53 (-) 3 (-) 871 (13) 669 (12) 22 Ocber 529 (14) 189 (1) 88 (3) 57 (1) 60 (-) 3 (-) 926 (19) 714 (19) 23 November 550 (13) 187 (2) 109 (7) 68 (2) 69 (-) 6 (-) 989 (24) 764 (22) 25 December 555 (10) 210 (7) 101 (3) 53 (3) 46 (-) 5 (-) 970 (23) 715 (21) 23 TOTALS 6569 (126) 2307 (49) 1188 (39) 839 (30) 817 (8) 61 (2) 11781 (254) 9109 (239) 25 NOTES: The figures in brackets are numbers killed or the number of fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. (1) Includes pillion passengers. (2) Includes unknown road user types. FIGURE 13: PERCENTAGE OF INJURIES BY MONTH AND TYPE OF ROAD USER Percent of injuries 6 5 4 3 2 1 Driver Passenger Morcyclist Pedestrian Cyclist 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

O O 32 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 14: CRASH MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION DIAGRAM A B C D TYPE OVERTAKING AND LANE CHANGE HEAD ON LOST CONTROL OR OFF ROAD STRAIGHT ROADS CORNERING A B C D E F G O PULLING OUT OR CHANGING LANE TO RIGHT ON STRAIGHT OUT OFCONTROL ON ROADWAY LOST CONTROL TURNING RIGHT HEAD ON OFF ROADWAY TO LEFT LOST CONTROL TURNING LEFT CUTTING INOR CHANGING LANE TO LEFT OFF ROADWAY TO RIGHT MISSED INTERSECTION OR END OFROAD LOST CONTROL OVERTAKING VEHICLE * SIDE ROAD LOST CONTROL ON STRAIGHT * LOST CONTROL ON CURVE WEAVING IN HEAVY TRAFFIC OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER E COLLISION WITH OBSTRUCTION PARKED VEHICLE CRASH OR BROKEN DOWN NON VEHICULAR OBSTRUCTIONS INCLUDING ANIMALS WORKMANS VEHICLE OPENING DOOR OTHER F REAR END SLOWER VEHICLE CROSS TRAFFIC PEDESTRIAN QUEUE SIGNALS OTHER OTHER G TURNING VERSUS SAME DIRECTION REAR OF LEFT TURNING VEHICLE LEFT TURN SIDE SIDE SWIPE STOPPED OR TURNING FROM LEFT SIDE NEAR CENTRE LINE OVERTAKING VEHICLE TWO TURNING* OTHER H CROSSING NO TURNS RIGHT ANGLE TO OTHER CROSSING VEHICLE TURNING RIGHT TURN RIGHT SIDE OBSOLETE TWO TURNING OTHER K MERGING LEFT TURN IN RIGHT TURN IN TWO TURNING OTHER L RIGHT TURN AGAINST STOPPED WAITING TO TURN MAKING TURN OTHER M MANOEUVRING PARKING OR LEAVING "U" TURN "U" TURN DRIVEWAY MANOEUVRE PARKING OPPOSITE ENTERING OR LEAVING REVERSING ALONG ROAD OTHER N PEDESTRIANS CROSSING ROAD LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE LEFT TURN LEFT SIDE RIGHT TURN RIGHT SIDE LEFT TURN RIGHT SIDE RIGHT TURN LEFT SIDE MANOEUVRING VEHICLE OTHER P PEDESTRIANS OTHER WALKING WITH TRAFFIC WALKING FACING TRAFFIC WALKING ON FOOTPATH CHILD PLAYING INCLUDING TRICYCLE ATTENDING TO VEHICLE ENTERING OR LEAVING VEHICLE OTHER Q MISCELLANEOUS FELL WHILE BOARDING OR ALIGHTING FELL FROM MOVING VEHICLE TRAIN PARKED VEHICLE RAN AWAY EQUESTRIAN FELL INSIDE VEHICLE TRAILER OR LOAD OTHER NOTE: * = Movement applies for left and right hand bends, curves or turns.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 33 TABLE 11: CRASHES CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF MOVEMENT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A Overtaking or lane change 91 16 95 57 17 5 49 330 B Head on not overtaking 58 91 86 9 89 186 8 527 C Lost control straight road 113 555 372 1040 D Cornering 1171 785 98 2054 E Collision with obstruction 201 14 112 3 48 4 382 F Rear end collision 138 78 61 662 121 17 5 1082 G Turning versus same direction 33 85 44 180 64 10 416 H Crossing no turns 637 8 645 J Crossing vehicle turning 614 14 8 636 K Vehicles merging 124 88 2 4 218 L Right turn against 655 3 658 M Vehicle manoeuvring 46 23 178 40 10 10 6 161 474 N Pedestrian crossing road 360 203 9 22 10 42 15 661 P Pedestrian other 20 2 32 5 8 8 61 136 Q Miscellaneous 4 17 10 17 1 1 28 11 89 TOTAL CRASHES 9348 NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table.

34 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 12: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING CARS, SUVS, VANS AND TAXIS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous 62 11 63 44 12 4 38 234 61 14 39 17 4 5 23 163 51 75 67 7 82 159 6 447 47 74 66 5 75 148 4 419 54 500 345 899 18 52 44 114 963 623 84 1670 56 46 11 113 168 11 82 2 4 3 270 166 11 13 1 46 2 239 114 70 48 581 110 14 5 942 83 62 58 639 114 14 3 973 20 18 33 154 38 8 271 32 67 33 170 56 4 362 572 8 580 503 1 504 405 13 3 421 579 10 7 596 47 71 1 2 121 111 59 2 3 175 408 2 410 610 0 610 32 17 102 16 4 4 3 121 299 43 22 172 30 10 9 6 57 349 333 185 6 21 9 42 14 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 1 32 5 5 6 53 119 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 7 3 14 9 14 1 1 23 9 74 0 0 4 3 0 0 9 2 18 TOTAL CRASHES 7367 4642 NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 35 TABLE 13: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING BUSES AND TRUCKS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous 5 26 2 5 6 44 12 7 7 1 4 31 2 4 6 2 4 4 1 23 6 5 12 1 12 30 0 66 5 27 9 41 5 2 4 11 60 41 5 106 7 4 3 14 3 3 8 1 0 1 16 28 1 0 2 2 1 34 9 2 3 41 5 0 60 12 2 0 14 2 2 32 3 0 4 13 4 1 25 1 9 1 7 5 0 23 23 23 17 17 31 0 31 12 1 13 8 6 1 1 16 3 7 0 1 11 12 1 13 16 0 16 1 11 2 6 20 2 5 8 2 17 21 13 2 1 1 1 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 3 1 4 12 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 5 1 13 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 TOTAL CRASHES 482 288 NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

36 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 14: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other 4 4 4 10 0 1 2 25 14 2 26 0 2 0 5 49 3 8 10 0 1 20 1 43 3 9 7 3 0 4 0 26 54 27 18 99 0 1 0 1 146 120 9 275 1 1 0 2 9 0 19 1 29 1 2 0 0 3 14 6 8 36 4 2 0 70 14 12 0 9 4 0 2 41 4 15 7 13 20 1 60 0 3 1 1 0 4 9 13 13 33 33 110 0 1 111 11 2 0 13 8 7 15 3 9 12 132 132 13 13 5 3 51 5 2 2 2 18 88 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 6 5 1 12 0 0 0 0 Q Miscellaneous 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 TOTAL CRASHES 974 209 NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 37 TABLE 15: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous 20 1 2 1 0 3 27 4 0 23 1 10 16 54 2 4 3 2 3 0 14 2 3 0 2 3 3 13 1 0 1 5 1 6 1 1 2 2 0 2 21 3 43 67 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 2 1 10 29 2 0 0 1 1 33 6 52 0 0 2 0 60 0 6 9 2 3 2 22 29 0 29 84 7 91 68 1 4 73 11 2 0 13 61 4 1 66 7 13 0 20 101 0 101 15 2 17 8 3 14 17 4 4 1 16 67 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 9 11 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 TOTAL CRASHES 519 284 NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

38 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 16: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change 168 1.8 33 148 1.6 34 1 317 Head on (not overtaking) 209 2.3 66 259 2.8 53-468 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight 404 4.4 178 611 6.7 227 1 1016 While cornering 654 7.2 321 1330 14.6 482 2 1986 Collision with obstruction 277 3 84 102 1.1 69-379 Rear end 651 7.1 111 428 4.7 104 1 1080 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction 277 3 46 135 1.5 22-412 Crossing no turns 559 6.1 135 78 0.9 16-637 Crossing vehicle turning 496 5.4 110 131 1.4 18 1 628 Vehicles merging 186 2 32 30 0.3 9-216 Right turn against 567 6.2 165 86 0.9 22-653 Vehicle manoeuvring 408 4.5 84 56 0.6 10 1 465 Pedestrian crossing road 629 6.9 143 15 0.2 6-644 Pedestrian other 107 1.2 26 16 0.2 10-123 Miscellaneous 45 0.5 14 40 0.4 6-85 TOTALS 5637 61.9 1548 3465 38 1088 7 9109 NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 17). TABLE 17: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change 3 1.3-10 4.2 2-13 Head on (not overtaking) 7 2.9 2 52 21.8 16-59 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight 5 2.1 3 19 7.9 10-24 While cornering 16 6.7 9 52 21.8 24-68 Collision with obstruction 2 0.8 2 1 0.4 1-3 Rear end - - - 2 0.8 - - 2 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction 2 0.8 1 2 0.8 - - 4 Crossing no turns 3 1.3-5 2.1 - - 8 Crossing vehicle turning 2 0.8 1 6 2.5 2-8 Vehicles merging 2 0.8 - - - - - 2 Right turn against 4 1.7 1 1 0.4 - - 5 Vehicle manoeuvring 2 0.8-7 2.9 2-9 Pedestrian crossing road 9 3.8 4 8 3.3 4-17 Pedestrian other 8 3.3 6 5 2.1 3-13 Miscellaneous 1 0.4 1 3 1.3 - - 4 TOTALS 66 27.6 30 173 72.4 64-239 NOTES: For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 39 TABLE 18: INJURY CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am 17 16 11 11 16 40 50 161 1am 1.59am 8 12 10 15 11 46 33 135 2am 2.59am 5 10 7 10 11 33 29 105 3am 3.59am 7 5 12 13 10 20 25 92 4am 4.59am 11 7 7 12 16 25 25 103 5am 5.59am 9 6 9 19 8 22 28 101 6am 6.59am 30 32 51 38 35 23 18 227 7am 7.59am 79 95 91 89 59 36 22 471 8am 8.59am 113 112 119 122 101 34 24 625 9am 9.59am 48 65 60 68 64 64 44 413 10am 10.59am 56 66 58 68 59 68 67 442 11am 11.59am 63 69 55 65 52 92 71 467 noon 12.59am 71 67 66 64 70 102 72 512 1pm 1.59pm 78 64 79 69 87 76 71 524 2pm 2.59pm 72 76 87 82 76 79 89 561 3pm 3.59pm 116 121 127 112 111 103 83 773 4pm 4.59pm 100 105 120 101 131 80 87 724 5pm 5.59pm 99 129 133 137 97 80 57 732 6pm 6.59pm 67 94 94 88 90 64 68 565 7pm 7.59pm 36 51 51 54 68 43 37 340 8pm 8.59pm 38 42 37 46 53 56 44 316 9pm 9.59pm 24 31 44 29 59 48 22 257 10pm 10.59pm 23 21 30 30 35 46 29 214 11pm 11.59pm 10 16 17 18 49 51 24 185 Unknown time 8 7 3 16 12 6 12 64 TOTALS 1188 1319 1378 1376 1380 1337 1131 9109 NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 19). FIGURE 15: INJURY CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 2.0 Percent of injury crashes 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

40 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 19: FATAL CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am - - - 1 1 3-5 1am 1.59am 1-3 - - 3 2 9 2am 2.59am - 1 1 3-1 - 6 3am 3.59am 1 - - 1 1-1 4 4am 4.59am - - - 1-1 1 3 5am 5.59am 1-1 - - 1 1 4 6am 6.59am - 5 - - 2 - - 7 7am 7.59am - 1 1 4 - - - 6 8am 8.59am 2 - - - 1-2 5 9am 9.59am 1-2 1 1 2 1 8 10am 10.59am 1 1 2 3 1 - - 8 11am 11.59am 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 12 noon 12.59am 3 1 5 1 1 4 2 17 1pm 1.59pm 5 1 2 1 2 1 1 13 2pm 2.59pm 1-3 2 5 3 2 16 3pm 3.59pm 4 2 2 4 2 3 5 22 4pm 4.59pm 2 3 3 5 3 2 3 21 5pm 5.59pm 2 2 2 2 1 5 1 15 6pm 6.59pm 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 13 7pm 7.59pm - 1 2 1 1 - - 5 8pm 8.59pm 3 1 1 - - - 1 6 9pm 9.59pm 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 12 10pm 10.59pm - 2 1 1-1 1 6 11pm 11.59pm - 2 2 3 2 3 2 14 Unknown time - - - - - 1 1 2 TOTALS 34 28 37 39 29 42 30 239 FIGURE 16: FATAL CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 2.5 Percent of fatal crashes 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 41 TABLE 20: LIGHT AND WEATHER CONDITIONS PREVAILING WHEN INJURY CRASHES OCCURRED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 LIGHT CONDITIONS FINE HEAVY RAIN LIGHT RAIN MIST SNOW UNKNOWN TOTAL BRIGHT SUN 3849 9 31 2 2 5 3898 OVERCAST 1642 46 651 211 8 10 2568 TWILIGHT: Street lights on 94 2 22 5 - - 123 Street lights off 140 1 6 4 - - 151 No street lights 87 1 14 8 1-111 Not stated - - - - - - - TWILIGHT SUBTOTAL 321 4 42 17 1-385 DARK: Street lights on 1061 32 269 78 2 1 1443 Street lights off 13 1 4 1 - - 19 No street lights 590 44 115 37 2 1 789 Not stated - - - - - - - DARK SUBTOTAL 1664 77 388 116 4 2 2251 UNKNOWN LIGHT 2 - - - - 5 7 TOTAL 7478 136 1112 346 15 22 9109 NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 21). TABLE 21: LIGHT AND WEATHER CONDITIONS PREVAILING WHEN FATAL CRASHES OCCURRED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 LIGHT CONDITIONS FINE HEAVY RAIN LIGHT RAIN MIST SNOW UNKNOWN TOTAL BRIGHT SUN 96 - - - - - 96 OVERCAST 30 1 13 5 - - 49 TWILIGHT: Street lights on - - - - - - - Street lights off 1 - - - - - 1 No street lights 4 1 1 - - - 6 Not stated - - - - - - - TWILIGHT SUBTOTAL 5 1 1 - - - 7 DARK: Street lights on 21-5 2-1 29 Street lights off - - - - - - - No street lights 40 6 8 4 - - 58 Not stated - - - - - - - DARK SUBTOTAL 61 6 13 6-1 87 UNKNOWN LIGHT - - - - - - - TOTAL 192 8 27 11-1 239

42 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 22: OBJECTS COLLIDED WITH IN INJURY CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Objects struck Number of objects URBAN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness Number of objects OPEN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of objects Total number of objects Driven or accompanied animals 1 0 1 1 0 - - 2 Bridge or approach rails 10 0.2 4 47 1.1 19-57 Upright cliff or bank 122 2.7 61 414 9.3 146-536 Debris on the road 3 0.1 2 12 0.3 2-15 Over the bank or cliff 31 0.7 12 123 2.8 31-154 Fence, letterbox, hoarding 246 5.5 115 512 11.5 185-758 Guard rail 43 1 14 187 4.2 69-230 House or building 69 1.5 25 5 0.1 1-74 Traffic island or median 61 1.4 38 15 0.3 7-76 Phone boxes, bus shelters etc 29 0.6 12 6 0.1 6-35 Kerb 99 2.2 46 33 0.7 13-132 Slip, washout or flood 2 0-7 0.2 3-9 Parked vehicle 439 9.8 169 19 0.4 8-458 Train 5 0.1-3 0.1 - - 8 Pole or post 278 6.2 140 212 4.7 94-490 Broken down or accident vehicles 101 2.3 16 26 0.6 11-127 Road works signs or drums 3 0.1 1 1 0 - - 4 Traffic sign or signals 73 1.6 31 82 1.8 32-155 Tree 199 4.5 98 253 5.7 102-452 Stray or wild animals 6 0.1 3 54 1.2 50-60 Ditch 44 1 22 383 8.6 134-427 In water, river or sea 6 0.1 2 39 0.9 10-45 Other 71 1.6 26 93 2.1 33-164 TOTALS 1941 43.4 838 2527 56.6 956-4468 NOTE: For area classification see Note 11. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 23).

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 43 TABLE 23: OBJECTS COLLIDED WITH IN FATAL CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Objects struck Number of objects URBAN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness Number of objects OPEN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of objects Total number of objects Driven or accompanied animals - - - - - - - - Bridge or approach rails - - - 6 3.2 3-6 Upright cliff or bank 2 1.1 1 18 9.5 6-20 Debris on the road - - - 2 1.1 1-2 Over the bank or cliff 2 1.1 2 12 6.3 7-14 Fence, letterbox, hoarding 3 1.6 3 31 16.3 13-34 Guard rail 2 1.1 1 11 5.8 4-13 House or building 3 1.6 2 - - - - 3 Traffic island or median 1 0.5-1 0.5 - - 2 Phone boxes, bus shelters etc 2 1.1-1 0.5 - - 3 Kerb 3 1.6 2 - - - - 3 Slip, washout or flood - - - - - - - - Parked vehicle 3 1.6 3 1 0.5 - - 4 Train - - - 2 1.1 - - 2 Pole or post 7 3.7 4 10 5.3 6-17 Broken down or accident vehicles 1 0.5 - - - - - 1 Road works signs or drums - - - - - - - - Traffic sign or signals - - - 4 2.1 1-4 Tree 9 4.7 5 20 10.5 11-29 Stray or wild animals 1 0.5 1 1 0.5 1-2 Ditch - - - 18 9.5 6-18 In water, river or sea 1 0.5-8 4.2 5-9 Other 1 0.5-3 1.6 2-4 TOTALS 41 21.6 24 149 78.4 66-190 NOTE: For area classification see Note 11.

44 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 24: INJURY CRASHES BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 ROAD FEATURE Number of injury crashes URBAN ROADS As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes OPEN ROADS As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals 758 8.3 263 31 0.3 13 4 793 Sp sign 455 5.0 111 185 2.0 41-640 Roundabout 305 3.3 79 32 0.4 14-337 Other give way sign 1027 11.3 243 275 3.0 68-1302 Points man or school patrol - - - - - - - - Uncontrolled 326 3.6 85 111 1.2 52-437 SUBTOTAL 2871 31.5 781 634 7.0 188 4 3509 NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge 37 0.4 14 109 1.2 38-146 Railway crossing 9 0.1 1 5 0.1 1-14 Morway on-off ramp 10 0.1 3 22 0.2 8-32 Raised islands 235 2.6 71 87 1.0 21-322 Straight road 1854 20.4 455 1173 12.9 380 2 3029 Easy curve 351 3.9 110 614 6.7 208 1 966 Moderate curve 213 2.3 92 666 7.3 203-879 Severe curve 57 0.6 21 155 1.7 41-212 Not stated - - - - - - - - SUBTOTAL 2766 30.4 767 2831 31.1 900 3 5600 TOTAL 5637 61.9 1548 3465 38.0 1088 7 9109 NOTES: For urban/open road classification see Note 11. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 25).

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 45 TABLE 25: FATAL CRASHES BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 ROAD FEATURE Number of fatal crashes URBAN ROADS As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes OPEN ROADS As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals 6 2.5 1 - - - - 6 Sp sign 4 1.7 1 10 4.2 3-14 Roundabout 2 0.8 - - - - - 2 Other give way sign 5 2.1 3 7 2.9 2-12 Points man or school patrol - - - - - - - - Uncontrolled 1 0.4 1 2 0.8 1-3 SUBTOTAL 18 7.5 6 19 7.9 6-37 NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge 2 0.8 1 6 2.5 5-8 Railway crossing - - - 2 0.8 - - 2 Morway on-off ramp - - - - - - - - Raised islands 1 0.4-3 1.3 2-4 Straight road 26 10.9 14 54 22.6 22-80 Easy curve 11 4.6 4 45 18.8 18-56 Moderate curve 5 2.1 3 36 15.1 9-41 Severe curve 3 1.3 2 8 3.3 2-11 Not stated - - - - - - - - SUBTOTAL 48 20.1 24 154 64.4 58-202 TOTAL 66 27.6 30 173 72.4 64-239 NOTE: For urban/open road classification see Note 11.

46 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 17: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES 42 31 Lost control Too fast for conditions 14 25 30 Alcohol or drugs 13 15 15 13 13 12 12 11 Failed keep left Inattention or attention diverted Driver tired or fell asleep Road facrs Did not see other party Failed give way or sp Pedestrian facrs 2 6 6 10 18 21 24 9 Inexperienced 8 9 Too far left 7 5 Weather 4 5 Vehicle facrs 2 4 3 2 2 2 0.8 Illness/disability Overtaking Cyclist facrs Misjudged other vehicle Suddenly braked or turned Load facrs 4 2 3 4 4 0.4 0 Following o close 9 0 Wrong lane 1 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Percent of fatal crashes Percent of injury crashes

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 47 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS Alcohol or drugs Alcohol suspected 269 (4) 21 (2) - (-) 290 (6) Any test negative 158 (8) 13 (2) - (-) 171 (10) All tests positive or refused 692 (44) 71 (4) - (-) 763 (48) Result of test unknown 101 (7) 19 (1) - (-) 120 (8) Inxicated non-driver (pedestrian/cyclist/passenger) 5 (1) 1 (-) 22 (-) 28 (1) Not suspected and test negative - (73) - (24) - (-) - (97) Drug test result unknown 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Drugs suspected 34 (2) 6 (-) - (-) 40 (2) Drugs proven 9 (8) - (4) - (-) 9 (12) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 1272 (147) 131 (37) 22 (-) 1425 (184) Too fast for conditions Cornering 765 (42) 84 (9) 5 (1) 854 (52) On straight 222 (11) 28 (4) 10 (-) 260 (15) To give way at intersection 32 (2) 2 (-) 1 (-) 35 (2) Approaching railway crossing 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) Passing stationary school bus - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) At temporary speed limit 16 (1) - (-) - (-) 16 (1) At crash or emergency 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Other 132 (6) 20 (1) 3 (-) 155 (7) Totals 1170 (62) 134 (14) 20 (1) 1324 (77) Failed keep left Swung wide on bend 59 (10) 12 (3) 1 (-) 72 (13) Swung wide at an intersection 16 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 19 (-) Cutting corner: on bend 42 (4) 4 (2) - (-) 46 (6) at an intersection 18 (1) 2 (-) 2 (-) 22 (1) On straight 50 (12) 2 (1) 2 (-) 54 (13) Vehicle crossed raised median - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Driving or riding abreast (cyclists more than 2 abreast) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Wandering or wobbling 3 (-) 2 (-) 3 (1) 8 (1) Too far left/right 641 (20) 43 (2) 15 (-) 699 (22) Other 5 (3) 2 (-) - (-) 7 (3) Totals 834 (50) 70 (8) 23 (1) 927 (59) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

48 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS Lost control When turning 1121 (43) 179 (10) 3 (-) 1303 (53) Under heavy braking 46 (2) 23 (-) 1 (1) 70 (3) Under heavy acceleration 51 (1) 4 (-) - (-) 55 (1) While returning seal from 132 (11) 8 (1) - (1) 140 (13) unsealed shoulder Due road conditions 110 (6) 49 (1) - (-) 159 (7) Due vehicle fault 29 (2) 10 (1) 1 (-) 40 (3) Avoiding another vehicle, pedestrian, party or obstacle on 80 (4) 21 (3) 1 (-) 102 (7) roadway On unsealed road 33 (1) 7 (-) - (-) 40 (1) End of seal 1382 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 15 (-) Other 368 (14) 44 (4) 4 (-) 416 (18) Totals 1982 (84) 348 (20) 10 (2) 2340 (106) Failed signal in time When moving left, pulling over 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) left When turning left 11 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 12 (-) When pulling out or moving the 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) right When turning right 12 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 14 (-) Incorrect signal 14 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 16 (-) Other 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Totals 42 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) 48 (-) Overtaking A line of traffic or queue 10 (-) 5 (-) 1 (-) 16 (-) Deliberately in the face of 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) oncoming traffic Failed notice oncoming traffic 10 (1) - (1) 1 (-) 11 (2) Misjudged speed or distance of - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) oncoming traffic At no passing line 6 (1) 3 (-) - (-) 9 (1) With insufficient visibility 6 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 9 (-) At an intersection without 9 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) 18 (-) due care On left without due care 14 (-) 11 (-) 12 (-) 37 (-) Cut in after overtaking 13 (1) - (-) - (-) 13 (1) Vehicle signalling right turn 23 (1) 8 (-) 3 (-) 34 (1) Carelessly at a pedestrian crossing 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Other 21 (3) 8 (-) 2 (-) 31 (3) Totals 116 (7) 46 (1) 21 (-) 183 (8) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 49 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS Wrong lane or turned from wrong position Turned right from incorrect lane 6 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 9 (-) Turned left from incorrect lane 6 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) Travelled straight ahead from 5 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 6 (-) turning lane or flush median Turned right from left side of road 22 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 28 (-) Turned left from near centre line 4 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 6 (-) Turned in incorrect lane 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Weaving or cut in on multi-lane 5 (-) 5 (-) - (1) 10 (1) roads Moved left avoid slow vehicle - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Long vehicle tracked outside lane 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Other 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Totals 56 (-) 11 (-) 6 (1) 73 (1) In line of traffic Following o closely 815 (-) 64 (1) 6 (-) 885 (1) Travelling unreasonably slowly 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Morist crowded cyclist 10 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) Incorrect merging manoeuvre 13 (-) - (-) - (-) 13 (-) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 840 (-) 64 (1) 6 (-) 910 (1) Sudden action Braked 116 (-) 15 (-) - (-) 131 (-) Turned left 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Turned right 7 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 8 (-) Swerved avoid: pedestrian 5 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 6 (1) animal 43 (-) 7 (-) - (-) 50 (-) crash or broken down vehicle 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) vehicle 116 (3) 25 (-) 4 (-) 145 (3) object or for unknown reason 11 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 15 (-) Avoiding approaching emergency - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) vehicle Other 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Totals 304 (4) 51 (-) 6 (-) 361 (4) Forbidden movements Wrong way in one way street, morway or roundabout 9 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 10 (1) When turning or U turning contrary a sign 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Contrary in or out only - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) driveway signs Driving or riding on footpath 4 (-) 4 (-) 63 (-) 71 (-) On incorrect side of island or 28 (1) 2 (-) 7 (-) 37 (1) median Contrary No Entry sign 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) In car park 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Mor vehicle in cycle lane 3 (-) 5 (-) - (-) 8 (-) Bus/Transit lane - (-) 3 (-) - (-) 3 (-) Cyclist riding on pedestrian - (-) - (-) 8 (-) 8 (-) crossing/pedestrian signals Other 3 (1) 3 (-) 2 (-) 8 (1) Totals 53 (3) 18 (-) 80 (-) 151 (3) TOTAL DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS 6669 (357) 876 (81) 197 (5) 7742 (443) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

50 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE CONFLICT FACTORS Failed give way At a sp sign 270 (5) 6 (-) 2 (-) 278 (5) At a give way sign 675 (7) 14 (-) 11 (-) 700 (7) When turning, non-turning 557 (5) 6 (-) 5 (-) 568 (5) traffic When deemed turning by - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) markings, not geometry When turning left, opposing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) right turning traffic To pedestrian on a crossing 59 (1) - (-) - (-) 59 (1) When turning at signals 20 (-) - (-) - (-) 20 (-) pedestrians When entering roadway from 233 (3) 6 (-) 11 (-) 250 (3) driveway To traffic approaching or crossing 22 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 23 (-) from right At one lane bridge/road 6 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) To pedestrian on footpath or verge 9 (-) - (-) - (-) 9 (-) Entering roadway not from driveway or intersection 2 (-) - (-) 18 (-) 20 (-) To emergency vehicle 5 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) Driver waved through 47 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 50 (-) Other 7 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 9 (-) Totals 1912 (21) 35 (-) 50 (-) 1997 (21) Did not sp At sp sign 73 (5) - (-) - (-) 73 (5) At steady red light 200 (2) 1 (-) 5 (-) 206 (2) At steady red arrow 31 (-) - (-) - (-) 31 (-) At steady amber light 14 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 16 (-) At steady amber arrow - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) At flashing red lights (railway 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) crossing, fire station etc) For police or flag person 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) For school patrol/kea crossing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 325 (7) 3 (-) 5 (-) 333 (7) Inattentive: failed notice Car slowing, spping or spped 474 (-) 35 (-) 8 (-) 517 (-) in front Bend in road 22 (-) 1 (1) - (-) 23 (1) Indication of vehicle in front 52 (2) 14 (1) 2 (-) 68 (3) Traffic lights 70 (2) 1 (-) 3 (-) 74 (2) Intersection or its sp/give way control 47 (3) 1 (-) - (-) 48 (3) Other regulary sign/markings 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Warning sign 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 3 (-) Direction, information signs/ 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) markings Roadworks signs 8 (-) - (-) - (-) 8 (-) Lane use arrows/markings - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Obstructions on roadway 46 (1) 5 (-) 5 (-) 56 (1) Other 127 (7) 13 (-) 6 (-) 146 (7) Totals 852 (15) 71 (2) 24 (-) 947 (17) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 51 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE CONFLICT FACTORS Attention diverted by: Passengers 89 (2) - (-) 1 (-) 90 (2) Scenery or persons outside 95 (4) 9 (-) - (-) 104 (4) vehicle Other traffic 151 (2) 15 (-) 2 (-) 168 (2) Animal or insect in vehicle 28 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 29 (-) Trying find intersection/house 30 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 31 (-) no. Advertising or signs 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Emotionally upset 84 (2) 1 (-) 1 (-) 86 (2) Cigarette, radio, glove box etc. 176 (2) 2 (-) 1 (-) 179 (2) Cell phone 51 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 52 (-) Navigation devices 11 (-) - (-) - (-) 11 (-) CB Radio/non-cell comms devices 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) Driver dazzled 118 (1) 1 (-) 1 (-) 120 (1) Other 162 (8) 13 (1) 6 (-) 181 (9) Totals 998 (21) 44 (1) 13 (-) 1055 (22) Did not see or look for another party Behind when: reversing 119 (1) - (-) 1 (-) 120 (1) changing lanes, position, or direction (includes U-turns) 374 (9) 9 (-) 24 (2) 407 (11) pulling out from parked position 42 (1) - (-) - (-) 42 (1) opening door or leaving vehicle 54 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 55 (-) When required give way : traffic from another direction 836 (9) 12 (-) 15 (-) 863 (9) pedestrians 56 (1) - (-) - (-) 56 (1) When visibility was: obstructed by other vehicles 259 (-) 7 (-) 5 (-) 271 (-) limited by roadside features 77 (3) 3 (1) 6 (-) 86 (4) When first in queue on receiving 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) green light Other 104 (5) - (-) 14 (-) 118 (5) Totals 1922 (29) 31 (1) 66 (2) 2019 (32) Misjudged speed, distance, size of Other vehicle coming from behind or alongside 32 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 37 (-) another direction with right of way 67 (1) 1 (-) 1 (-) 69 (1) Pedestrian movement or intention 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Towed vehicle, or while wing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Fixed object or obstacle 11 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 13 (-) Own vehicle 69 (1) 5 (1) 1 (-) 75 (2) Misjudged intentions of another 109 (1) 16 (-) 5 (-) 130 (1) party Other 6 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 7 (-) Totals 298 (3) 25 (1) 12 (-) 335 (4) TOTAL VEHICLE CONFLICT FACTORS 6307 (96) 209 (5) 170 (2) 6686 (103) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

52 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS GENERAL DRIVER FACTORS Inexperience Driving in fast or heavy traffic 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) New driver 352 (11) 62 (1) 3 (-) 417 (12) Driving unfamiliar vehicle 22 (1) 10 (-) - (-) 32 (1) Overseas migrant driver fails 147 (5) 2 (2) 2 (-) 151 (7) adjust NZ rules and conditions Driver under instruction 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) At wing trailer/other vehicle 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Driver over-reacted 87 (2) 3 (-) - (-) 90 (2) Unsupervised cyclist - (-) - (-) 4 (-) 4 (-) Other 14 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) 23 (-) Totals 634 (19) 84 (3) 11 (-) 729 (22) Fatigue (drowsy, tired or fell asleep) Long trip 20 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 22 (-) Lack of sleep 60 (4) - (-) - (-) 60 (4) Exhaust fumes - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Worked long hours before driving 28 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 29 (1) Exceeded driving hours 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Other 424 (26) 4 (1) - (-) 428 (27) Totals 533 (31) 7 (1) - (-) 540 (32) Incorrect use of vehicle controls Started in gear 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Stalled engine 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) Wrong pedal 88 (-) - (-) - (-) 88 (-) Footrest, stand - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Ignition turned off (steering 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) locked) Lights not switched on 3 (-) 2 (-) 7 (-) 12 (-) Foot slipped 20 (-) - (-) 2 (1) 22 (1) Parking brake not fully applied 14 (-) - (-) - (-) 14 (-) Trailer coupling or safety chain not - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) secured Other 10 (1) 3 (-) - (-) 13 (1) Totals 139 (1) 6 (-) 9 (1) 154 (2) Showing off Racing 13 (2) - (-) 2 (-) 15 (2) Playing chicken - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Wheelspins/wheelies/doughnuts 22 (-) 4 (-) - (-) 26 (-) etc Intimidating driving 10 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) Other 13 (-) 6 (-) - (-) 19 (-) Totals 58 (2) 10 (-) 2 (-) 70 (2) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 53 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS Parked or spped Inadequately lit at night (not lit by street lights or park lights off) 1 (1) - (-) - (-) 1 (1) At a point of limited visibility 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Not as close as practicable the side of the road 7 (-) - (-) - (-) 7 (-) On incorrect side of the road 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Double parked - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) In a No Spping area 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Not clear of rail crossing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) In cycle or transit lane - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 15 (1) - (-) - (-) 15 (1) TOTAL GENERAL DRIVER FACTORS 1379 (54) 107 (4) 22 (1) 1508 (59) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

54 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS GENERAL PERSON FACTORS Illness and disability Illness with no warning 156 (2) 5 (-) - (-) 161 (2) Physically disabled 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Defective vision 10 (1) - (-) - (-) 10 (1) Medical illness (not sudden) flu, diabetes 54 (1) 4 (-) 1 (-) 59 (1) Mental illness 7 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 9 (-) (depression, psychosis) Suicidal (but not successful) 13 (-) - (-) - (-) 13 (-) Impaired ability due old age 39 (3) - (-) 1 (-) 40 (3) Other 34 (2) - (-) - (-) 34 (2) Totals 316 (9) 9 (-) 4 (-) 329 (9) Intentional or criminal Deliberate homicide (only if - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) successful) Intentional collision 38 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 39 (-) Committed suicide (only if - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) succeeded) Evading enforcement 55 (4) 13 (-) - (-) 68 (4) Object deliberately thrown at or - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) dropped on vehicle/shot at Object thrown from vehicle - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Slen vehicle 29 (2) - (-) - (-) 29 (2) Other 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Totals 125 (6) 13 (-) 1 (-) 139 (6) Driver/passenger boarding/leaving/in vehicle Boarding moving vehicle - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Intentionally leaving moving 5 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 6 (-) vehicle Riding in insecure position 20 (2) 3 (-) 1 (-) 24 (2) Interfered with driver 16 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 17 (-) Opened door inadvertently 9 (1) - (-) 1 (-) 10 (1) Overloaded vehicle (with - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) passengers) Child playing in parked vehicle 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Other 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Totals 54 (3) 5 (-) 2 (-) 61 (3) Miscellaneous person Casualty drowned - (1) - (-) - (-) - (1) Casualty thrown from vehicle 14 (10) 10 (-) - (-) 24 (10) Equestrian not keeping verge - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Cyclist or morcyclist wearing - (-) 6 (-) 18 (-) 24 (-) dark clothing Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 14 (11) 16 (-) 18 (-) 48 (11) TOTAL GENERAL PERSON FACTORS 509 (29) 43 (-) 25 (-) 577 (29) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 55 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE FACTORS Lights and reflecrs Dazzling headlights 10 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) Inadequate or no headlights - (1) 2 (2) 4 (-) 6 (3) Headlights failed suddenly - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Brake lights or indicars defective or not fitted 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Inadequate or no tail-lights 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) Inadequate or no reflecrs - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Lights or reflecrs covered by dirt - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other 3 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (1) Totals 16 (2) 3 (2) 6 (-) 25 (4) Brakes Parking brake: failed 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) defective - (1) - (-) - (-) - (1) Service brake: failed 4 (-) - (-) 5 (-) 9 (-) defective - (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) 8 (-) Jack-knifed 11 (1) - (-) - (-) 11 (1) Other 6 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 10 (-) Totals 24 (2) 7 (-) 10 (-) 41 (2) Steering Defective 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) Failed suddenly - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Totals 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) Tyres Puncture or blow out 24 (2) 4 (-) - (-) 28 (2) Tread worn 27 (4) 1 (1) - (-) 28 (5) Incorrect type 3 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 5 (-) Mixed treads/space savers 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Other 5 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) Totals 61 (6) 7 (1) - (-) 68 (7) Windscreen or mirror Windscreen shattered - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Windscreen or rear window dirty 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Rear vision mirror not adjusted - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) correctly No rear vision mirror - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Windscreen, spectacles or rear 16 (-) - (-) - (-) 16 (-) window misted/frosted Inadequate or no sun visors - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Inadequate or no windscreen - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) wipers Cycle/morcycle visor, goggles - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) or screen defective, misted etc Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 17 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 18 (-) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

56 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE FACTORS CONTINUED Mechanical Engine failure 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) Transmission failure 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 3 (-) Accelerar or throttle jammed 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Other 3 (-) 1 (1) - (-) 4 (1) Totals 10 (-) 3 (1) - (-) 13 (1) Body or chassis Body, chassis or frame failure 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) Suspension failure 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Failure of door catch/door not - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) shut Inadequate mudguards - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Inadequate w coupling 7 (-) - (-) - (-) 7 (-) Inadequate or no safety chain - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Bonnet catch failed - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Wheel off 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Broken axle 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Inconspicuous colour 2 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 5 (-) Blind spot 47 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 48 (1) Seatbelt/restraint failed - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Airbag failed inflate (fully) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 5 (-) Totals 69 (1) 4 (-) 2 (-) 75 (1) Load Interferes with driver 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Not well secured or load moved 17 (-) - (1) - (-) 17 (1) Overhanging - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Load obscured vision - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Excess dimensions not adequately - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) indicated Overdimension vehicle or load 2 (1) - (-) - (-) 2 (1) Load o heavy 9 (-) - (-) - (-) 9 (-) Towed vehicle or trailer o heavy 6 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) or incompatible Other 6 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 7 (-) Totals 41 (1) 1 (1) - (-) 42 (2) Miscellaneous vehicle Emergency vehicle attending 5 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) emergency Vehicle caught fire 20 (3) - (2) - (-) 20 (5) Being wed - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Airbag contributed crash or - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) injury Seatbelt/restraint absent or - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) unusable Dangerous goods - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) Totals 25 (3) 1 (2) - (-) 26 (5) TOTAL VEHICLE FACTORS 266 (15) 28 (7) 18 (-) 312 (22) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 57 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER PEDESTRIAN FACTORS Walking along road Not keeping footpath 4 (-) Not keeping side of road 4 (1) Not facing oncoming traffic 6 (3) Not on outside of blind curve - (-) Wheeled pedestrian inconsiderate or dangerous on footpath 2 (-) Other 1 (-) Totals 17 (4) Crossing road Walking heedless of traffic 208 (10) Stepping out from behind parked vehicle 83 (-) Running heedless of traffic 203 (4) Failed use pedestrian crossing when one within 20 metres 15 (-) Waiting on roadway for moving traffic 11 (-) Confused by traffic or stepped back 7 (-) Stepping suddenly on pedestrian crossing 10 (-) Not complying with traffic signals or school patrol 22 (-) Misjudged speed and/or distance of vehicle 27 (1) Other 14 (-) Totals 600 (15) Miscellaneous Pushing, working or unloading vehicle 9 (-) Playing on, or unnecessarily on road 24 (2) Working on road 3 (1) Wearing dark clothing 24 (10) Vision obscured by umbrella or clothing 4 (-) Child escaped from supervision 18 (1) Unsupervised child 73 (1) Sitting/lying on road 3 (5) Pedestrian from school bus 5 (-) Pedestrian behind reversing/manoeuvring vehicle 15 (-) Overseas pedestrian 5 (1) Pedestrian attention diverted (music player, cigarette, cell phone etc) 16 (1) Other 11 (1) Totals 210 (23) TOTAL PEDESTRIAN FACTORS 827 (42) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

58 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER ROAD FACTORS Slippery because of Rain 345 (10) Frost or ice 72 (2) Snow or hail 1 (-) Loose material on seal 56 (1) Mud 3 (-) Oil/diesel/fuel 29 (-) Painted markings 1 (-) Recently graded 4 (-) Surface bleeding/defective 17 (-) Other 57 (1) Totals 585 (14) Surface Potholed 10 (-) Uneven 18 (3) Deep loose metal 40 (2) High crown - (-) Curve not well banked 4 (-) Edge badly defined or gave way 6 (1) Under construction or maintenance 88 (1) Unusually narrow 21 (1) Broken glass - (-) Other 10 (-) Totals 197 (8) Obstructed Fallen tree or branch 8 (-) Slip or subsidence - (-) Flood waters, large puddles, ford 8 (1) Road works: not adequately lighted - (-) not adequately signposted - (-) Roadside object fell on vehicle 3 (-) Object flicked up by vehicle 2 (-) Other 6 (-) Totals 27 (1) Visibility limited by Curve 25 (2) Crest 15 (2) Building - (-) Trees 11 (1) Hedge or fence 11 (-) Scrub or long grass 6 (1) Bank 2 (-) Temporary obstruction or dust/smoke 3 (-) Parked vehicle 55 (-) Other 31 (-) Totals 159 (6) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 59 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER ROAD FACTORS CONTINUED Signs and signals Damaged, removed or malfunctioned 3 (-) Badly located 2 (-) Ineffective or inadequate 6 (-) Necessary 10 (-) Signals turned off 2 (-) Other 3 (-) Totals 26 (-) Markings Faded 2 (1) Difficult see in weather conditions 1 (-) Necessary 2 (-) Not visible due geometry or vehicles - (-) Old markings not adequately removed - (-) Other 3 (-) Totals 8 (1) Street lighting Failed 2 (-) Inadequate 6 (2) Glare on wet road 1 (-) Pedestrian crossing not adequately lighted - (-) Other 1 (-) Totals 10 (2) Raised islands and roundabouts Difficult see - (-) Ineffective, badly located/designed - (-) Cyclist squeeze point - (-) Other - (-) Totals - (-) TOTAL ROAD FACTORS 1012 (32) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

60 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS Weather Heavy rain 137 (6) Dazzling sun 132 (2) Strong wind 41 (-) Fog or mist 66 (4) Snow, sleet or hail - (-) Other - (-) Totals 376 (12) Animals Household pet rushed out or playing 14 (-) Farm animal straying 48 (2) Farm animal attended but: inadequate warning or unexpected - (-) out of control 2 (-) Wild 2 (-) Other - (-) Totals 66 (2) Entering or leaving land use Roadside stall 5 (-) Service station 49 (1) Specialised liquor outlet 6 (-) Takeaway foods 13 (-) Shopping complex 64 (-) Car parking building/area 41 (-) Other commercial 154 (2) Industrial site 1 (-) Private house/farm 360 (6) Other non-commercial 73 (3) Mobile shop or vendor - (-) Other - (-) Totals 766 (12) Unknown facr - (-) TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS 1208 (26) TOTAL ALL FACTORS 19872 (756) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 61 TABLE 26A: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES WHERE DRIVER ALCOHOL/DRUGS WAS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Crashes with alcohol/drugs Casualties from crashes with alcohol/drugs Fatal Injury Deaths Injuries Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1985 238 36.1 2493 19.3 274 36.7 4418 23.4 1986 266 40.5 2575 20.1 328 42.8 4520 23.9 1987 271 39.4 2595 20.5 329 41.3 4498 24.0 1988 266 42.6 2500 20.9 318 43.7 4246 24.5 1989 264 40.6 2364 20.8 321 42.1 3969 24.0 1990 268 42.1 2716 22.3 318 43.6 4531 25.6 1991 225 40.6 2424 20.9 269 41.4 3935 23.5 1992 221 40.8 2282 20.6 273 42.3 3672 22.8 1993 185 35.8 1906 18.2 227 37.8 3042 20.1 1994 190 38.3 2044 18.0 225 38.8 3300 19.9 1995 162 32.3 2118 18.1 200 34.4 3421 20.3 1996 129 28.2 1652 16.3 148 28.8 2664 18.0 1997 127 27.1 1389 15.5 147 27.3 2317 17.4 1998 118 27.1 1347 16.2 142 28.3 2233 18.0 1999 101 23.3 1147 14.2 122 24.0 1903 15.7 2000 98 25.6 1071 14.3 109 23.6 1738 15.8 2001 103 26.1 1117 13.1 117 25.7 1876 15.1 2002 96 26.3 1308 13.2 110 27.2 2015 14.4 2003 125 30.9 1249 12.1 142 30.8 1982 13.7 2004 115 30.7 1258 12.4 133 30.6 1923 13.7 2005 100 29.3 1352 12.8 115 28.4 2024 13.8 2006 100 28.6 1585 14.3 110 28.0 2404 15.7 2007 119 31.7 1621 13.8 130 30.9 2408 14.9 2008 105 31.7 1637 14.3 121 33.1 2381 15.5 2009 115 34.1 1540 14.2 140 36.5 2347 16.0 2010 123 36.5 1414 13.4 144 38.4 2119 15.1 2011 77 29.7 1330 13.9 85 29.9 1901 15.1 2012 82 30.7 1279 13.7 102 33.1 1814 15.0 2013 72 30.1 1185 13.0 78 30.7 1666 14.1

62 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 26B: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES WHERE TRAVELLING TOO FAST FOR CONDITIONS WAS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Crashes with speed Casualties from crashes with speed Fatal Injury Deaths Injuries Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1985 193 29.2 1848 14.3 218 29.2 3210 17.0 1986 192 29.3 2024 15.8 224 29.2 3544 18.8 1987 251 36.5 2253 17.8 292 36.7 3904 20.8 1988 231 37.0 2204 18.5 267 36.7 3650 21.0 1989 257 39.5 2146 18.9 311 40.8 3624 21.9 1990 224 35.2 2041 16.8 265 36.4 3422 19.3 1991 190 34.3 2108 18.2 225 34.6 3383 20.2 1992 195 36.0 1918 17.3 241 37.3 3164 19.6 1993 192 37.1 1712 16.3 228 38.0 2801 18.5 1994 191 38.5 1816 16.0 228 39.3 2982 18.0 1995 182 36.3 1827 15.6 221 38.0 2988 17.7 1996 153 33.5 1684 16.7 177 34.4 2806 19.0 1997 137 29.3 1461 16.3 162 30.1 2508 18.8 1998 140 32.1 1415 17.0 162 32.3 2427 19.6 1999 124 28.6 1180 14.7 153 30.1 2095 17.5 2000 87 22.7 1122 15.1 102 22.1 1923 17.5 2001 123 31.1 1298 15.3 141 31.0 2197 17.8 2002 108 29.7 1431 14.6 126 31.2 2339 16.8 2003 140 34.6 1644 16.1 167 36.2 2601 18.1 2004 138 36.7 1632 16.3 172 39.4 2624 18.9 2005 112 32.8 1700 16.2 130 32.1 2670 18.5 2006 107 30.7 1734 15.8 126 32.2 2746 18.1 2007 116 30.9 1905 16.3 132 31.4 2949 18.4 2008 110 33.2 1726 15.3 126 34.4 2629 17.3 2009 100 29.6 1635 15.2 113 29.4 2461 16.9 2010 108 32.0 1500 14.2 131 34.9 2293 16.3 2011 75 29.0 1422 14.9 83 29.2 2117 16.8 2012 68 25.5 1356 14.5 85 27.6 1898 15.7 2013 74 31.0 1293 14.2 83 32.7 1863 15.8 NOTES: The Police Traffic Crash Report form was modified in 2001. The o fast for conditions data since this change are not strictly comparable earlier data. Most crashes have a number of contributing causal facrs and many have both alcohol and o fast for conditions. For this reason these tables cannot be added gether give the tal number of crashes with alcohol/drugs and/or o fast for conditions listed as contributing facrs.

SECTION 3: TRUCK CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

64 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 27: TRUCK CRASHES AND CASUALTIES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER CRASHES CASUALTIES Involving trucks Truck occupants Non truck occupants Year Injury Fatal Total crashes Injured Killed Injured Killed Total casualties 1980 575 63 638 190 15 693 53 951 1981 569 76 645 186 16 712 75 989 1982 602 87 689 246 12 670 89 1017 1983 606 67 673 203 4 675 80 962 1984 701 85 786 237 13 820 86 1156 1985 785 99 884 271 15 905 99 1290 1986 833 83 916 274 15 903 84 1276 1987 823 90 913 309 16 859 95 1279 1988 767 76 843 307 11 786 83 1187 1989 692 106 798 272 14 795 122 1203 1990 801 85 886 280 7 893 96 1276 1991 661 81 742 291 15 681 82 1069 1992 672 77 749 258 6 736 93 1093 1993 758 87 845 297 12 783 94 1186 1994 782 96 878 331 24 851 97 1303 1995 859 105 964 380 13 890 105 1388 1996 792 77 869 359 26 784 68 1237 1997 698 85 783 308 12 720 86 1126 1998 649 75 724 282 11 702 76 1071 1999 625 97 722 288 17 637 100 1042 2000 545 75 620 241 16 519 78 854 2001 620 76 696 284 13 634 77 1008 2002 746 69 815 337 13 687 59 1096 2003 765 62 827 349 16 650 58 1073 2004 829 80 909 401 19 724 70 1214 2005 837 72 909 367 21 766 71 1225 2006 806 76 882 375 15 766 71 1227 2007 871 68 939 396 10 780 64 1250 2008 889 53 942 373 7 788 51 1219 2009 666 52 718 279 7 615 51 952 2010 655 51 706 278 16 593 41 928 2011 644 46 690 247 12 646 38 943 2012 615 46 661 246 10 534 42 832 2013 605 46 651 241 7 506 40 794 FIGURE 18: CASUALTIES FROM TRUCK CRASHES AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES 25 Percent of casualties 20 15 10 5 Injuries Deaths 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year

TRUCK CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 65 TABLE 28: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING TRUCKS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change 25 4.1 4 33 5.5 2-58 Head on (not overtaking) 12 2 4 43 7.1 7-55 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight 7 1.2 1 37 6.1 6-44 While cornering 22 3.6 7 87 14.4 29-109 Collision with obstruction 24 4 7 14 2.3 10-38 Rear end 28 4.6 2 52 8.6 5-80 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction 20 3.3 2 23 3.8 4-43 Crossing no turns 19 3.1 2 12 2 1-31 Crossing vehicle turning 18 3 1 17 2.8 2-35 Vehicles merging 16 2.6 1 6 1 3-22 Right turn against 16 2.6 5 8 1.3 - - 24 Vehicle manoeuvring 21 3.5-7 1.2-1 29 Pedestrian crossing road 14 2.3 4 2 0.3 1-16 Pedestrian other 5 0.8 1 2 0.3 - - 7 Miscellaneous 5 0.8 1 9 1.5 1-14 TOTALS 252 41.7 42 352 58.2 71 1 605 NOTE: This table does not include fatal crashes (see Table 29). TABLE 29: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING TRUCKS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change 1 2.2-4 8.7 1-5 Head on (not overtaking) 2 4.3 1 13 28.3 4-15 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight - - - 1 2.2 - - 1 While cornering 1 2.2-3 6.5 1-4 Collision with obstruction 1 2.2 1 - - - - 1 Rear end - - - 1 2.2 - - 1 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction - - - 1 2.2 - - 1 Crossing no turns 1 2.2-2 4.3 - - 3 Crossing vehicle turning - - - 3 6.5 - - 3 Vehicles merging 1 2.2 - - - - - 1 Right turn against 1 2.2 - - - - - 1 Vehicle manoeuvring - - - 3 6.5 2-3 Pedestrian crossing road - - - 2 4.3 - - 2 Pedestrian other 1 2.2 1 3 6.5 2-4 Miscellaneous - - - 1 2.2 - - 1 TOTALS 9 20 3 37 80 10-46 NOTE: A truck driver can be involved in an accident and escape injury or death. For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

66 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 30: CRASHES INVOLVING TRUCKS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am - (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) - (1) - (-) 2 (1) - (-) 6 (2) 1am 1.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (1) - (-) 1 (1) 2am 2.59am - (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 9 (-) 3am 3.59am - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (1) 2 (-) 1 (-) 8 (1) 4am 4.59am 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 7 (-) 5am 5.59am 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (1) 2 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 9 (1) 6am 6.59am 4 (-) 1 (2) 7 (-) 6 (-) 5 (1) 2 (-) 1 (-) 26 (3) 7am 7.59am 6 (-) 7 (1) 11 (1) 6 (-) 10 (-) 4 (-) 2 (-) 46 (2) 8am 8.59am 8 (-) 14 (-) 5 (-) 17 (-) 10 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 55 (1) 9am 9.59am 10 (-) 8 (-) 10 (1) 4 (1) 5 (-) 3 (1) 1 (-) 41 (3) 10am 10.59am 10 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) 7 (1) 9 (1) 3 (-) 2 (-) 44 (2) 11am 11.59am 8 (-) 12 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) 3 (1) 6 (1) 1 (-) 43 (2) noon 12.59am 3 (1) 16 (1) 8 (2) 4 (-) 11 (-) 5 (1) 6 (-) 53 (5) 1pm 1.59pm 11 (3) 6 (-) 8 (1) 5 (-) 8 (1) 3 (1) 2 (-) 43 (6) 2pm 2.59pm 9 (-) 12 (-) 13 (2) 6 (1) 10 (3) 2 (-) 4 (-) 56 (6) 3pm 3.59pm 9 (1) 11 (-) 10 (-) 11 (-) 9 (-) 5 (-) 1 (1) 56 (2) 4pm 4.59pm 5 (-) 4 (1) 9 (-) 5 (1) 5 (-) 1 (-) - (1) 29 (3) 5pm 5.59pm 1 (-) 5 (-) 3 (-) 4 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 17 (-) 6pm 6.59pm 1 (-) 4 (-) 3 (1) 3 (-) 4 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 19 (1) 7pm 7.59pm - (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 11 (-) 8pm 8.59pm 2 (-) 1 (-) - (1) 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (1) 6 (2) 9pm 9.59pm 1 (1) - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (1) 10pm 10.59pm - (-) 1 (-) - (1) - (-) 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (1) 11pm 11.59pm 1 (-) 1 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (1) Unknown time 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) TOTALS 92 (6) 119 (6) 114 (11) 93 (5) 109 (9) 50 (6) 28 (3) 605 (46) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal accidents and are not included in the adjacent tals.

SECTION 4: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

68 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 31: MOTORCYCLE RIDER AND PILLION CASUALTIES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Morcycle riders Morcycle pillions Total casualties Year Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed 1952 1081 58 257 8 1338 66 1953 1039 58 254 14 1293 72 1954 1056 67 256 6 1312 73 1955 1067 73 228 7 1295 80 1956 1048 35 221 2 1269 37 1957 1169 42 228 6 1397 48 1958 1391 42 238 4 1629 46 1959 1404 34 269 3 1673 37 1960 1388 31 239 5 1627 36 1961 1420 38 209 5 1629 43 1962 1473 45 276 1 1749 46 1963 1473 38 238 6 1711 44 1964 1748 37 268 3 2016 40 1965 1779 41 282 7 2061 48 1966 1709 40 363 2 2072 42 1967 1638 41 280 5 1918 46 1968 1537 24 270 4 1807 28 1969 1587 29 322 7 1909 36 1970 1711 40 366 3 2077 43 1971 2381 44 530 8 2911 52 1972 3056 67 710 12 3766 79 1973 3420 106 804 24 4224 130 1974 3406 88 686 19 4092 107 1975 3077 79 548 17 3625 96 1976 2828 80 512 12 3340 92 1977 2581 79 435 19 3016 98 1978 2281 91 432 13 2713 104 1979 2406 82 404 8 2810 90 1980 2769 79 382 12 3151 91 1981 2944 104 432 12 3376 116 1982 3069 99 479 14 3548 113 1983 2932 97 477 10 3409 107 1984 3360 107 497 18 3857 125 1985 3390 118 515 14 3905 132 1986 3253 107 430 20 3683 127 1987 3066 131 455 14 3521 145 1988 2498 125 365 21 2863 146 1989 2153 122 303 19 2456 141 1990 1936 95 267 19 2203 114 1991 1844 64 217 14 2061 78 1992 1606 75 210 13 1816 88 1993 1402 74 159 6 1561 80 1994 1542 61 179 11 1721 72 1995 1379 66 160 12 1539 78 1996 1112 42 111 6 1223 48 1997 1039 52 103 4 1142 56 1998 862 47 107 7 969 54 1999 714 39 77 3 791 42 2000 646 29 51 2 697 31 2001 610 34 59 1 669 35 2002 696 28 48 2 744 30 2003 707 27 54 1 761 28 2004 669 32 52 2 721 34 2005 834 33 69 3 903 36 2006 947 35 70 3 1017 38 2007 1243 37 93 4 1336 41 2008 1314 48 82 3 1396 51 2009 1283 46 86 2 1369 48 2010 1212 47 88 3 1300 50 2011 1122 33 56 0 1178 33 2012 1087 48 51 2 1138 50 2013 1113 38 75 1 1188 39 NOTE: See Note 13.

MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 69 TABLE 32: MOTORCYCLIST CRASH AND CASUALTY RATES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Morcycles Per 10,000 on road morcycles Year Morcycles* New registrations Crashes Crashes Injuries Fatalities 1952 27469 8125 1367 498 487 24.0 1953 27634 6459 1323 479 468 26.1 1954 28627 4915 1353 473 458 25.5 1955 27031 4747 1350 499 479 29.6 1956 28588 3710 1236 432 444 12.9 1957 30145 5016 1424 472 463 15.9 1958 33531 7467 1591 475 486 13.7 1959 34093 5354 1627 477 491 10.9 1960 36377 6520 1634 449 447 9.9 1961 41689 6999 1641 394 391 10.3 1962 43084 6505 1742 404 406 10.7 1963 44159 5935 1717 389 388 10.0 1964 46743 6854 2001 428 431 8.6 1965 46362 6611 2011 434 445 10.4 1966 46201 6126 1972 427 449 9.1 1967 44989 5223 1865 415 426 10.2 1968 44480 4521 1739 391 406 6.3 1969 44364 4991 1815 409 430 8.1 1970 47144 9339 1938 411 441 9.1 1971 56441 19155 2668 473 516 9.2 1972 64706 19937 3450 533 582 12.2 1973 76674 29521 3918 511 551 17.0 1974 86779 28321 3857 445 472 12.3 1975 95730 24407 3440 359 379 10.0 1976 99412 18187 3161 318 336 9.3 1977 97956 16577 2909 297 308 10.0 1978 96781 16435 2571 266 280 10.7 1979 111798 25270 2769 248 251 8.1 1980 125701 34691 3076 245 251 7.2 1981 132730 29428 3273 247 254 8.7 1982 132963 26655 3347 252 267 8.5 1983 130407 19430 3249 249 261 8.2 1984 126357 18662 3559 282 305 9.9 1985 122756 16736 3642 297 318 10.8 1986 116892 16518 3378 289 315 10.9 1987 111985 15613 3179 284 314 12.9 1988 103648 11321 2739 264 276 14.1 1989 92945 7492 2352 253 264 15.2 1990 82437 5808 2116 257 267 13.8 1991 72676 4711 1963 270 283 10.7 1992 62748 2830 1743 278 289 14.0 1993 57493 2901 1521 265 272 13.9 1994 54799 3700 1632 298 314 13.1 1995 48917 3855 1497 306 315 15.9 1996 46000 4462 1195 260 266 10.4 1997 50040 4703 1102 220 228 11.2 1998 60458 4678 923 153 160 8.9 1999 59390 4589 773 130 133 7.1 2000 58566 4381 676 115 119 5.3 2001 57836 4549 658 114 116 6.1 2002 57454 5329 729 127 130 5.2 2003 56047 6772 747 133 136 5.0 2004 58659 8869 712 121 123 5.8 2005 63756 12789 893 140 142 5.6 2006 75171 15151 988 131 135 5.1 2007 85356 16655 1296 152 157 4.8 2008 96952 18833 1378 142 144 5.3 2009 101460 12670 1343 132 135 4.7 2010 99886 10208 1280 128 130 5.0 2011 89466 9952 1166 130 132 3.7 2012 86465 8963 1146 133 132 5.8 2013 86657 10520 1165 134 137 4.5 *NOTE: Morcycles: See Note 16 for details. From 1998 (the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing) morcycle numbers include registered morcycles and mopeds but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. From 1986 1997 morcycle numbers are estimates. Prior 1986 morcycle numbers were derived from annual licence transactions.

70 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 19: MOTORCYCLISTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES 25 Percent of casualties 20 15 10 5 Injuries Deaths 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year FIGURE 20: PERCENTAGE OF MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES BY AGE AND SEX 16 Percent of casualties 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Female Male 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+ Age

MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 71 TABLE 33: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change 37 3.3 8 34 3 7-71 Head on (not overtaking) 20 1.8 6 30 2.7 1-50 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight 57 5.1 20 39 3.5 5-96 While cornering 101 9 29 166 14.8 26 1 268 Collision with obstruction 18 1.6 9 13 1.2 5-31 Rear end 65 5.8 11 39 3.5 8-104 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction 46 4.1 11 20 1.8 2-66 Crossing no turns 41 3.6 9 4 0.4 - - 45 Crossing vehicle turning 112 10 30 10 0.9 - - 122 Vehicles merging 23 2 5 3 0.3 2-26 Right turn against 137 12.2 46 4 0.4 - - 141 Vehicle manoeuvring 79 7 25 11 1 3-90 Pedestrian crossing road 12 1.1 3 - - - - 12 Pedestrian other - - - - - - - - Miscellaneous 2 0.2-1 0.1 - - 3 TOTALS 750 66.7 212 374 33.2 59 1 1125 NOTE: This table does not include fatal crashes (see Table 34). TABLE 34: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change 1 2.5-2 5 - - 3 Head on (not overtaking) 1 2.5-15 37.5 1-16 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight - - - 4 10 3-4 While cornering 1 2.5 1 6 15 - - 7 Collision with obstruction - - - - - - - - Rear end - - - - - - - - INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction 1 2.5 - - - - - 1 Crossing no turns 1 2.5 - - - - - 1 Crossing vehicle turning 1 2.5 1 1 2.5 1-2 Vehicles merging - - - - - - - - Right turn against 2 5 1 1 2.5 - - 3 Vehicle manoeuvring - - - 3 7.5 1-3 Pedestrian crossing road - - - - - - - - Pedestrian other - - - - - - - - Miscellaneous - - - - - - - - TOTALS 8 20 3 32 80 6-40 NOTES: A morcyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death. For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

72 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 35: CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLISTS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 5 (-) 13 (-) 1am 1.59am - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 6 (-) 2am 2.59am - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 3am 3.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 4am 4.59am 1 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 5am 5.59am 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 9 (-) 6am 6.59am 2 (-) 4 (3) 4 (-) 1 (-) 4 (1) - (-) 3 (-) 18 (4) 7am 7.59am 10 (-) 9 (-) 11 (-) 13 (1) 8 (-) 4 (-) - (-) 55 (1) 8am 8.59am 11 (-) 11 (-) 10 (-) 11 (-) 14 (-) 4 (-) 4 (-) 65 (-) 9am 9.59am 6 (-) 8 (-) 8 (-) 9 (-) 5 (-) 7 (-) 5 (1) 48 (1) 10am 10.59am 2 (-) 10 (-) 4 (1) 6 (-) 10 (-) 11 (-) 13 (-) 56 (1) 11am 11.59am 7 (-) 6 (-) 3 (1) 5 (-) 9 (-) 13 (-) 17 (1) 60 (2) noon 12.59am 5 (1) 7 (-) 7 (2) 7 (-) 13 (1) 20 (2) 12 (-) 71 (6) 1pm 1.59pm 8 (1) 7 (-) 9 (-) 8 (1) 12 (-) 15 (1) 18 (-) 77 (3) 2pm 2.59pm 8 (-) 9 (-) 8 (2) 10 (-) 11 (-) 12 (1) 12 (-) 70 (3) 3pm 3.59pm 14 (-) 11 (-) 13 (-) 11 (-) 12 (1) 20 (-) 11 (1) 92 (2) 4pm 4.59pm 17 (-) 11 (-) 9 (3) 15 (-) 18 (2) 15 (1) 16 (-) 101 (6) 5pm 5.59pm 19 (1) 23 (1) 24 (-) 25 (-) 15 (-) 9 (1) 8 (-) 123 (3) 6pm 6.59pm 14 (-) 9 (1) 19 (-) 11 (-) 20 (-) 17 (-) 12 (-) 102 (1) 7pm 7.59pm 8 (-) 6 (-) 2 (1) 4 (-) 9 (1) - (-) 7 (-) 36 (2) 8pm 8.59pm 6 (-) 6 (-) 4 (-) 15 (-) 6 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 46 (-) 9pm 9.59pm 3 (-) 5 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) 7 (-) 3 (1) 3 (-) 30 (1) 10pm 10.59pm 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 15 (-) 11pm 11.59pm 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 4 (1) - (1) 13 (2) Unknown time 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (1) 3 (1) 8 (2) TOTALS 145 (3) 150 (5) 147 (10) 168 (2) 182 (6) 173 (9) 160 (5) 1125 (40) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. FIGURE 21: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 2.5 Percent of casualties 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

SECTION 5: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

74 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 36: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Per 100 000 population Year Population Injured Killed Injured Killed 1976 3163400 736 14 23 0.4 1977 3166400 631 21 20 0.7 1978 3165200 588 30 19 0.9 1979 3163900 623 15 20 0.5 1980 3164100 745 22 24 0.7 1981 3195800 748 21 23 0.7 1982 3229800 881 30 27 0.9 1983 3269500 900 19 28 0.6 1984 3299500 958 31 29 0.9 1985 3311200 1106 21 33 0.6 1986 3316700 1012 22 31 0.7 1987 3349100 1051 18 31 0.5 1988 3356200 1081 20 32 0.6 1989 3384510 1051 20 31 0.6 1990 3429100 1054 27 31 0.8 1991 3449700 1000 22 29 0.6 1992 3485400 941 17 27 0.5 1993 3524800 910 17 26 0.5 1994 3577200 882 15 25 0.4 1995 3643200 813 15 22 0.4 1996 3717400 754 13 20 0.3 1997 3761100 724 12 19 0.3 1998 3790900 626 16 17 0.4 1999 3810700 619 8 16 0.2 2000 3830800 559 19 15 0.5 2001 3850100 696 10 18 0.3 2002 3939100 771 14 20 0.4 2003 4009200 722 6 18 0.1 2004 4060900 716 7 18 0.2 2005 4098300 751 12 18 0.3 2006 4139500 833 9 20 0.2 2007 4228300 880 12 21 0.3 2008 4268600 895 10 21 0.2 2009 4315800 825 8 19 0.2 2010 4367800 844 10 19 0.2 2011 4405200 783 9 18 0.2 2012 4433000 798 8 18 0.2 2013 4471100 817 8 18 0.2 NOTE: Population from 1997 on is from Statistics INFOSHARE DPE group. FIGURE 22: PEDAL CYCLISTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES 8.0 7.0 Percent of casualties 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Injuries Deaths 1.0 0.0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year

PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 75 TABLE 37: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS BY AGE GROUPS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Per 100 000 population Age group Population Injured Killed Injured Killed Under 5 307630 1 0 0 0 5 9 297980 15 0 5 0 10 14 285460 71 0 25 0 15 19 305940 84 0 28 0 20 24 333830 61 0 18 0 25 29 305320 57 0 19 0 30 34 286290 61 1 21 0.3 35 39 273560 76 0 28 0 40 44 310560 72 0 23 0 45 49 308630 71 1 23 0.3 50 54 311710 62 2 20 0.6 55 59 270040 53 2 20 0.7 60 64 238710 40 0 17 0 65 69 205030 20 0 10 0 70 74 155440 13 0 8 0 75 79 111770 5 1 5 0.9 80 and over 163100 6 1 4 0.6 Unknown age 0 49 0 - - TOTAL 4471000 817 8 18 0.2 NOTE: Population is the resident population as at 30 June. Statistics NZ INFOSHARE DAE group. FIGURE 23: PERCENTAGE OF PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES BY AGE AND GENDER Percent of casualties 12 10 8 6 4 2 Female Male 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+ Age

76 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 38: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change 66 8.3 8 10 1.3-1 77 Head on (not overtaking) 20 2.5 2 5 0.6 - - 25 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight 7 0.9 1 - - - - 7 While cornering 3 0.4-1 0.1 - - 4 Collision with obstruction 65 8.2 5 2 0.3 - - 67 Rear end 30 3.8 7 12 1.5 2-42 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction 81 10.2 9 1 0.1 - - 82 Crossing no turns 117 14.7 20 3 0.4 1-120 Crossing vehicle turning 77 9.7 21 9 1.1 - - 86 Vehicles merging 80 10.0 12 6 0.8 2-86 Right turn against 116 14.6 15 3 0.4 - - 119 Vehicle manoeuvring 77 9.7 13 1 0.1 - - 78 Pedestrian crossing road 2 0.3 1 - - - - 2 Pedestrian other 1 0.1-1 0.1 1-2 Miscellaneous - - - - - - - - TOTALS 742 93.1 114 54 6.8 6 1 797 NOTE: This table does not include fatal crashes (see Table 39). TABLE 39: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change 1 12.5-3 37.5 1-4 Head on (not overtaking) 1 12.5-1 12.5 - - 2 LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight - - - - - - - - While cornering - - - - - - - - Collision with obstruction - - - - - - - - Rear end - - - 1 12.5 - - 1 INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction - - - - - - - - Crossing no turns - - - - - - - - Crossing vehicle turning - - - - - - - - Vehicles merging - - - - - - - - Right turn against 1 12.5 - - - - - 1 Vehicle manoeuvring - - - - - - - - Pedestrian crossing road - - - - - - - - Pedestrian other - - - - - - - - Miscellaneous - - - - - - - - TOTALS 3 37.5-5 62.5 1-8 NOTE: A pedal cyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death. For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 77 TABLE 40: CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLISTS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1am 1.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 2am 2.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 3am 3.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 4am 4.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 5am 5.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) 6am 6.59am 3 (-) 3 (-) 6 (-) 5 (-) 6 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 24 (-) 7am 7.59am 16 (-) 15 (-) 21 (-) 14 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) 78 (-) 8am 8.59am 20 (-) 14 (-) 25 (-) 16 (-) 21 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 103 (-) 9am 9.59am 1 (-) 8 (-) 6 (1) 6 (1) 11 (-) 10 (2) 8 (-) 50 (4) 10am 10.59am 5 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 11 (-) 11 (-) 45 (-) 11am 11.59am 1 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) 6 (-) 4 (-) 15 (-) 5 (-) 40 (-) noon 12.59am 4 (-) 5 (-) 6 (-) 7 (-) 4 (-) 10 (-) 3 (1) 39 (1) 1pm 1.59pm 7 (-) 4 (-) 7 (-) 4 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) 34 (-) 2pm 2.59pm 7 (-) 4 (-) 3 (-) 5 (-) 8 (-) 11 (-) 4 (-) 42 (-) 3pm 3.59pm 13 (-) 13 (-) 11 (-) 12 (-) 12 (-) 6 (-) 4 (-) 71 (-) 4pm 4.59pm 10 (-) 18 (1) 12 (-) 13 (-) 11 (-) 6 (-) 5 (-) 75 (1) 5pm 5.59pm 17 (-) 18 (-) 18 (-) 18 (-) 6 (-) 7 (-) 5 (-) 89 (-) 6pm 6.59pm 4 (1) 14 (-) 11 (-) 7 (1) 3 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 42 (2) 7pm 7.59pm 3 (-) 5 (-) 6 (-) 5 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 27 (-) 8pm 8.59pm 3 (-) 4 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 2 (-) 15 (-) 9pm 9.59pm 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 8 (-) 10pm 10.59pm 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (-) 11pm 11.59pm - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Unknown time 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) TOTALS 118 (1) 140 (1) 140 (1) 132 (2) 111 (-) 97 (2) 59 (1) 797 (8) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. FIGURE 24: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 3.5 3 Percent of casualties 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

78 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

SECTION 6: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

80 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 41: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Per 100 000 population Year Population Injured Killed Injured Killed 1976 3163400 1473 102 47 3.2 1977 3166400 1447 124 46 3.9 1978 3165200 1224 116 39 3.7 1979 3163900 1157 106 37 3.4 1980 3164100 1246 98 39 3.1 1981 3195800 1121 104 35 3.3 1982 3229800 1128 89 35 2.8 1983 3269500 1144 103 35 3.2 1984 3299500 1343 119 41 3.6 1985 3311200 1225 125 37 3.8 1986 3316700 1265 112 38 3.4 1987 3349100 1256 110 38 3.3 1988 3356200 1119 83 33 2.5 1989 3384510 1039 81 31 2.4 1990 3429100 1161 104 34 3.0 1991 3449700 1015 88 29 2.6 1992 3485400 1007 76 29 2.2 1993 3524800 949 74 27 2.1 1994 3577200 1063 54 30 1.5 1995 3643200 1053 71 29 1.9 1996 3717400 969 63 26 1.7 1997 3761100 925 54 25 1.4 1998 3790900 930 71 25 1.9 1999 3810700 895 63 24 1.7 2000 3830800 953 35 25 0.9 2001 3850100 986 52 26 1.4 2002 3939100 1065 45 27 1.1 2003 4009200 1058 58 26 1.4 2004 4060900 999 38 25 0.9 2005 4098300 943 31 23 0.8 2006 4139500 960 44 23 1.1 2007 4228300 868 45 21 1.1 2008 4268600 939 31 22 0.7 2009 4315800 914 31 21 0.7 2010 4367800 967 35 22 0.8 2011 4405200 884 31 20 0.7 2012 4433000 917 33 21 0.7 2013 4471100 839 30 19 0.7 NOTE: Population from 1997 on is from Statistics NZ INFOSHARE DPE group. FIGURE 25: PEDESTRIANS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES 25 Percent of casualties 20 15 10 5 Injuries Deaths 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year

PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 81 TABLE 42: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Per 100 000 population Age group Population Injured Killed Injured Killed Under 5 307630 36 2 12 0.7 5 9 297980 78 0 26 0 10 14 285460 91 0 32 0 15 19 305940 87 3 28 1 20 24 333830 70 1 21 0.3 25 29 305320 39 3 13 1 30 34 286290 42 3 15 1 35 39 273560 26 0 10 0 40 44 310560 28 4 9 1.3 45 49 308630 35 4 11 1.3 50 54 311710 34 2 11 0.6 55 59 270040 36 1 13 0.4 60 64 238710 32 0 13 0 65 69 205030 27 2 13 1 70 74 155440 24 1 15 0.6 75 79 111770 21 1 19 0.9 80 and over 163100 49 3 30 1.8 Unknown age 0 84 0 - - TOTAL 4471000 839 30 19 0.7 NOTE: Population is the resident population as at 30 June. Statistics NZ INFOSHARE DAE group. FIGURE 26: PERCENTAGE OF PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES BY AGE AND SEX 12 Percent of casualties 10 8 6 4 2 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 Age 45-49 Female Male 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+

82 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 43: INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA At pedestrian crossing Not at pedestrian crossing Road feature Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark and light Total INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals 4 1 71 22 - - - 98 Sp sign 2 1 19 8 - - - 30 Roundabout 2 2 11 - - - - 15 Other give way sign 7 2 54 12 1 - - 76 Pointsman or school patrol - - - - - - - - Uncontrolled 4-36 10 - - - 50 SUBTOTAL 19 6 191 52 1 - - 269 NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge - - 1 2 - - - 3 Railway crossing - - 1 - - - - 1 Morway on-off ramp - - - - 1 - - 1 Raised islands - - 42 12 - - - 54 Straight road 26 5 278 82 12 12-415 Easy curve 2-24 10 1 2-39 Moderate curve - - 8 5 2 1-16 Severe curve - - 1 - - - - 1 Not stated - - - - - - - - SUBTOTAL 28 5 355 111 16 15-530 TOTAL 47 11 546 163 17 15-799 NOTE: For urban/open road classification see Note 11. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 44).

PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 83 TABLE 44: FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA At pedestrian crossing Not at pedestrian crossing Road feature Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark and light Total INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals - - 1 - - - - 1 Sp sign - - - - - - - - Roundabout - - 1 - - - - 1 Other give way sign - - - 1 - - - 1 Pointsman or school patrol - - - - - - - - Uncontrolled - - - - - - - - SUBTOTAL - - 2 1 - - - 3 NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge - - - - - - - - Railway crossing - - - - - - - - Morway on-off ramp - - - - - - - - Raised islands - - 1 - - 2-3 Straight road - - 3 9 4 4-20 Easy curve - - 1-2 - - 3 Moderate curve - - - - 1 1-2 Severe curve - - - - - - - - Not stated - - - - - - - - SUBTOTAL - - 5 9 7 7-28 TOTAL - - 7 10 7 7-31 NOTE: For urban/open road classification see Note 11.

84 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 45: CRASHES INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (1) 4 (-) 12 (1) 1am 1.59am - (-) 2 (-) 1 (1) 1 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 10 (1) 2am 2.59am - (-) - (1) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 6 (1) 3am 3.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (1) - (1) 1 (-) 3 (-) 4 (2) 4am 4.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 3 (1) 6 (1) 5am 5.59am - (-) - (-) - (1) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (1) 6am 6.59am 1 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) 7am 7.59am 6 (-) 7 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 26 (-) 8am 8.59am 17 (-) 9 (-) 10 (-) 18 (-) 14 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 70 (-) 9am 9.59am 6 (-) 10 (-) 8 (1) 10 (-) 7 (-) 7 (-) - (-) 48 (1) 10am 10.59am 5 (-) 8 (-) 9 (1) 8 (1) 7 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 44 (2) 11am 11.59am 5 (-) 5 (-) 7 (-) 9 (1) 7 (-) 8 (-) 6 (-) 47 (1) noon 12.59am 5 (-) 7 (-) 5 (1) 3 (-) 7 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) 40 (1) 1pm 1.59pm 6 (-) 9 (-) 9 (1) 4 (-) 11 (1) 4 (-) 5 (-) 48 (2) 2pm 2.59pm 8 (-) 9 (-) 9 (-) 14 (1) 6 (-) 4 (1) 8 (-) 58 (2) 3pm 3.59pm 7 (-) 14 (-) 16 (-) 17 (-) 21 (-) 8 (-) 7 (-) 90 (-) 4pm 4.59pm 14 (-) 8 (1) 9 (-) 12 (1) 9 (-) 4 (-) 3 (-) 59 (2) 5pm 5.59pm 11 (-) 13 (-) 13 (1) 11 (1) 7 (-) 8 (-) 4 (1) 67 (3) 6pm 6.59pm 4 (-) 10 (-) 7 (-) 9 (-) 7 (-) 2 (1) 3 (1) 42 (2) 7pm 7.59pm 2 (-) 5 (-) 9 (1) 5 (1) 5 (-) 3 (-) 4 (-) 33 (2) 8pm 8.59pm 4 (1) 5 (-) 1 (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 3 (1) 24 (2) 9pm 9.59pm 2 (-) 3 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 2 (2) 3 (-) 1 (-) 14 (2) 10pm 10.59pm 2 (-) - (1) 3 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 1 (1) 12 (2) 11pm 11.59pm 1 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 17 (-) Unknown time 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 10 (-) TOTALS 109 (1) 131 (3) 132 (8) 140 (7) 129 (4) 86 (3) 72 (5) 799 (31) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. FIGURE 27: PERCENTAGE OF PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 3 Percent of casualties 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

SECTION 7: LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

86 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 46: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES BY POPULATION CENTRE* YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Local body name Population (000) Injury crashes Fatal crashes Total injuries Total deaths Crashes per 10,000 population Casualties per 10,000 Population CITIES Auckland 1529.0 2780 42 3487 48 19 23 Hamiln 150.2 260 3 303 3 18 20 Tauranga 117.6 202 1 251 1 17 21 Napier 57.8 101 1 121 1 18 21 Palmersn North 85.8 196-252 - 23 29 Porirua 53.2 54 2 62 2 11 12 Upper Hutt 41.7 50-55 - 12 13 Hutt 102.9 142 2 179 2 14 18 Wellingn 204.0 328 2 385 2 16 19 Nelson 46.8 88 2 105 2 19 23 Christchurch 366.1 811 11 1005 11 23 28 Dunedin 127.5 334 6 451 6 27 36 DISTRICTS Far North 58.3 145 10 211 10 27 38 Whangarei 81.4 177 6 238 8 23 30 Kaipara 19.1 70 3 97 3 38 53 Thames Coromandel 27.1 57 1 78 1 21 29 Hauraki 18.8 63 1 81 1 34 44 Waika 64.9 199 7 298 7 32 47 Matamata-Piako 32.2 99 4 148 4 32 47 Waipa 46.4 106 2 139 2 23 30 Orohanga 9.3 23 3 31 3 28 36 South Waika 22.5 56 5 76 5 27 36 Waimo 9.4 34 2 43 2 38 48 Taupo 34.4 101 4 139 4 31 42 Western Bay of Plenty 45.8 115 5 171 5 26 38 Rorua 68.6 132 7 176 7 20 27 Whakatane 34.2 80 4 105 5 25 32 Kawerau 6.7 4-5 - 6 7 Opotiki 8.6 25 1 43 1 30 51 Gisborne 46.7 119 4 147 4 26 32 Wairoa 8.1 25 1 29 1 32 37 Hastings 75.7 166 2 203 2 22 27 Central Hawkes Bay 13.3 25 2 34 2 20 27 New Plymouth 74.7 143 2 171 2 19 23 Stratford 9.2 27-31 - 29 34 South Taranaki 26.8 42 5 53 5 18 22 Ruapehu 13.1 44 1 66 1 35 51 Whanganui 43.1 77 3 101 3 19 24 Rangitikei 14.7 37 3 46 3 27 33 Manawatu 27.9 51 4 67 4 20 25 Tararua 17.4 55-69 - 32 40 Horowhenua 30.6 90 3 119 4 30 40 Kapiti Coast 50.0 64 3 77 3 13 16 (Continued) NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. Populations are resident populations from SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group.

LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 87 TABLE 46: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES BY POPULATION CENTRE* YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Local body name Population (000) Injury crashes Fatal crashes Total injuries Total deaths Crashes per 10,000 population Casualties per 10,000 Population DISTRICTS Mastern 23.4 38 4 55 4 18 25 Cartern 7.8 13 3 22 3 21 32 South Wairarapa 9.4 29 2 35 2 33 39 Tasman 48.6 87 4 126 4 19 27 Marlborough 45.9 99 3 126 3 22 28 Kaikoura 3.8 20 1 26 1 56 72 Buller 10.1 27 2 31 2 29 33 Grey 13.7 37 1 50 2 28 38 Westland 9.0 28 4 43 5 36 54 Hurunui 11.7 52 1 78 1 46 68 Waimakariri 50.8 84 8 113 8 18 24 Selwyn 44.2 102 15 152 16 27 38 Ashburn 31.1 47 4 61 4 16 21 Timaru 45.2 79 4 113 4 18 26 Mackenzie 4.1 16 2 24 2 44 64 Waimate 7.7 16 2 24 3 23 35 Chatham Island 0.6 5-7 - 82 115 Waitaki 21.0 71 2 98 2 35 48 Central Otago 18.9 37 1 50 1 20 27 Queenswn-Lakes 30.2 76 2 111 2 26 37 Clutha 17.4 89 2 119 3 52 70 Southland 29.8 113 2 177 2 39 60 Gore 12.2 27-39 - 22 32 Invercargill 52.9 120-153 - 23 29 NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. Populations are resident populations from SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group.

88 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 47: PEDESTRIAN, MOTORCYCLE AND PEDAL CYCLE CRASHES BY POPULATION CENTRE * YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Number of crashes Local body name Pedestrians Morcyclists Pedal cyclists CITIES Auckland 311 (10) 345 (6) 189 (1) Hamiln 25 (-) 38 (1) 47 (-) Tauranga 24 (-) 42 (-) 27 (-) Napier 7 (-) 17 (-) 18 (-) Palmersn North 21 (-) 23 (-) 36 (-) Porirua 8 (-) 6 (1) 4 (-) Upper Hutt 7 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) Hutt 15 (-) 17 (-) 13 (-) Wellingn 58 (-) 58 (-) 61 (1) Nelson 14 (-) 12 (1) 20 (-) Christchurch 82 (1) 107 (1) 138 (3) Dunedin 27 (1) 14 (-) 27 (-) DISTRICTS Far North 4 (1) 16 (2) 3 (-) Whangarei 17 (2) 19 (1) 11 (-) Kaipara 4 (-) 7 (1) 1 (-) Thames Coromandel 3 (-) 8 (-) 4 (-) Hauraki 2 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) Waika 10 (-) 23 (-) 3 (1) Matamata-Piako 2 (1) 11 (1) 2 (-) Waipa 7 (-) 12 (1) 10 (-) Orohanga - (-) 2 (1) - (-) South Waika 5 (-) 4 (1) - (-) Waimo 2 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) Taupo 4 (-) 15 (-) 6 (1) Western Bay of Plenty 1 (1) 14 (-) 1 (-) Rorua 14 (3) 14 (1) 10 (-) Whakatane 3 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) Kawerau - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) Opotiki 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) Gisborne 9 (-) 10 (-) 15 (-) Wairoa 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) Hastings 14 (1) 25 (-) 19 (-) Central Hawkes Bay 1 (-) 1 (1) 1 (-) New Plymouth 6 (-) 21 (-) 23 (-) Stratford 3 (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) South Taranaki - (-) 10 (1) 1 (-) Ruapehu - (-) 7 (-) - (-) Whanganui 6 (1) 10 (1) 9 (-) Rangitikei 2 (-) 6 (1) 1 (-) Manawatu 2 (-) 7 (-) 1 (-) Tararua - (-) 9 (-) 1 (-) Horowhenua 6 (1) 7 (-) 4 (-) (Continued) NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. The figures in brackets are fatal accidents and are not included in the adjacent tals. A pedal cyclist or a morcyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death.

LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 89 TABLE 47: PEDESTRIAN, MOTORCYCLE AND PEDAL CYCLE CRASHES BY POPULATION CENTRE * YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Number of crashes Local body name Pedestrians Morcyclists Pedal cyclists DISTRICTS Kapiti Coast 8 (1) 10 (-) 5 (-) Mastern 2 (-) 5 (1) 4 (-) Cartern 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) South Wairarapa 4 (-) 5 (1) 1 (-) Tasman 5 (-) 18 (3) 7 (-) Marlborough 2 (1) 14 (1) 8 (-) Kaikoura 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) Buller 1 (-) 5 (1) 2 (-) Grey 2 (-) 6 (-) - (-) Westland - (-) 4 (2) 1 (-) Hurunui - (-) 5 (1) 2 (-) Waimakariri 5 (2) 13 (1) 5 (-) Selwyn 1 (1) 10 (3) 5 (-) Ashburn 2 (-) 4 (1) - (-) Timaru 4 (2) 6 (-) 4 (1) Mackenzie 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) Waimate - (-) 1 (-) - (-) Chatham Island - (-) - (-) - (-) Waitaki 2 (-) 3 (1) 6 (-) Central Otago 2 (-) 8 (-) 2 (-) Queenswn-Lakes 4 (1) 6 (1) 7 (-) Clutha 1 (-) 9 (-) - (-) Southland 4 (-) 5 (-) - (-) Gore 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) Invercargill 14 (-) 11 (-) 13 (-) NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. The figures in brackets are fatal accidents and are not included in the adjacent tals. A pedal cyclist or a morcyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death.

90 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 48: LOCAL BODY CRASHES AND CASUALTIES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER City 2013 casualties Local body names 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Fatal injuries Serious injuries Minor injuries Total casualties Auckland 3252 3260 2983 2899 2822 48 431 3056 3535 Hamiln 321 308 293 259 263 3 50 253 306 Tauranga 183 214 202 172 203 1 34 217 252 Napier 181 149 136 106 102 1 18 103 122 Palmersn North 171 185 205 176 196-38 214 252 Porirua 107 90 96 90 56 2 14 48 64 Upper Hutt 68 86 62 67 50-5 50 55 Hutt 212 222 154 172 144 2 23 156 181 Wellingn 425 364 309 293 330 2 35 350 387 Nelson 105 103 75 99 90 2 18 87 107 Christchurch 911 853 732 845 822 11 174 831 1016 Dunedin 471 403 368 358 340 6 83 368 457 Total 6407 6237 5615 5536 5418 78 923 5733 6734 Continued on opposite page.

LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 91 TABLE 48: LOCAL BODY CRASHES AND CASUALTIES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER District Number of crashes Year crash happened Local body names 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Fatal injuries 2013 casualties Serious injuries Minor injuries Total casualties Far North 195 181 173 187 155 10 39 172 221 Whangarei 203 192 134 173 183 8 42 196 246 Kaipara 90 74 64 59 73 3 29 68 100 Thames Coromandel 72 75 94 84 58 1 17 61 79 Hauraki 74 59 69 58 64 1 13 68 82 Waika 269 267 233 246 206 7 68 230 305 Matamata-Piako 94 112 96 92 103 4 34 114 152 Waipa 126 110 121 102 108 2 26 113 141 Orohanga 22 36 42 29 26 3 9 22 34 South Waika 74 81 77 70 61 5 14 62 81 Waimo 55 75 42 54 36 2 12 31 45 Taupo 159 136 111 101 105 4 27 112 143 Western Bay of Plenty 135 124 136 130 120 5 42 129 176 Rorua 150 163 156 141 139 7 40 136 183 Whakatane 87 89 74 70 84 5 21 84 110 Kawerau 7 5 9 4 4-3 2 5 Opotiki 40 42 30 24 26 1 10 33 44 Gisborne 109 139 114 84 123 4 24 123 151 Wairoa 46 46 16 34 26 1 8 21 30 Hastings 252 228 194 167 168 2 43 160 205 Central Hawke s Bay 37 45 27 30 27 2 10 24 36 New Plymouth 195 181 173 187 155 10 39 172 221 Stratford 203 192 134 173 183 8 42 196 246 South Taranaki 90 74 64 59 73 3 29 68 100 Ruapehu 72 75 94 84 58 1 17 61 79 Whanganui 74 59 69 58 64 1 13 68 82 Rangitikei 269 267 233 246 206 7 68 230 305 Manawatu 94 112 96 92 103 4 34 114 152 Tararua 126 110 121 102 108 2 26 113 141 Horowhenua 22 36 42 29 26 3 9 22 34 Kapiti Coast 74 81 77 70 61 5 14 62 81 Mastern 55 75 42 54 36 2 12 31 45 Cartern 159 136 111 101 105 4 27 112 143 South Wairarapa 135 124 136 130 120 5 42 129 176 Tasman 150 163 156 141 139 7 40 136 183 Marlborough 87 89 74 70 84 5 21 84 110 Kaikoura 7 5 9 4 4-3 2 5 Buller 40 42 30 24 26 1 10 33 44 Grey 109 139 114 84 123 4 24 123 151 Westland 46 46 16 34 26 1 8 21 30 Hurunui 252 228 194 167 168 2 43 160 205 Waimakariri 37 45 27 30 27 2 10 24 36 Selwyn 110 99 107 100 117 16 41 111 168 Ashburn 64 61 76 63 51 4 6 55 65 Timaru 110 92 91 68 83 4 21 92 117 Mackenzie 30 28 30 18 18 2 9 15 26 Waimate 19 28 24 18 18 3 5 19 27 Chatham Islands 4 - - - 5-1 6 7 Waitaki 89 71 82 83 73 2 15 83 100 Central Otago 63 53 50 59 38 1 15 35 51 Queenswn-Lakes 109 76 87 80 78 2 32 79 113 Clutha 84 85 80 81 91 3 19 100 122 Southland 150 158 141 126 115 2 35 142 179 Gore 37 37 21 22 27-4 35 39 Invercargill 182 144 102 112 120-21 132 153 Totals 4791 4683 4236 4068 3930 176 1058 4067 5301

92 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 28: 2013 TOTAL CASUALTIES Key 500 or more 300-499 200-299 100-199 0-99

LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 93 FIGURE 29: 2013 CASUALTIES PER 10,000 POPULATION Key 80 or more 60-79 40-59 20-39 0-19

94 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

SECTION 8: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES

96 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 49: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL CRASHES BY AGE AND VEHICLE TYPE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Number Percent male Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Number Percent Number Percent Number male male Percent male 0 14 - - - - - - - - 15 19 27 82 1 100 1 100 29 83 20 24 38 66 2 100 7 100 47 72 25 29 22 59 5 80 3 100 30 67 30 34 18 67 4 100 2 100 24 75 35 39 14 86 3 100 4 100 21 91 40 44 27 59 7 86 2 100 37 68 45 49 17 71 6 100 4 100 27 82 50 54 21 67 6 100 10 100 40 80 55 59 24 67 6 100 4 100 34 77 60 64 14 71 2 100 1-19 74 65 69 10 40 3 100 2 100 15 60 70 and over 42 74 1 100 4 100 47 77 Unknown 2 100 3 67 - - 5 80 TOTAL 276 69 49 94 44 98 375 76 NOTE: Columns do not always add the tal as there are other vehicle types such as buses not included separately in the table. TABLE 50: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN INJURY CRASHES BY AGE AND VEHICLE TYPE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Number Percent male Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Number Percent Number Percent Number male male Percent male 0 14 15 33 - - 14 86 31 61 15 19 1108 61 12 92 137 80 1261 64 20 24 1855 61 31 97 172 86 2064 64 25 29 1339 60 43 91 106 77 1496 62 30 34 1047 57 41 100 97 80 1191 60 35 39 944 55 50 96 81 83 1081 59 40 44 999 57 92 99 113 87 1211 63 45 49 945 56 79 95 114 90 1150 63 50 54 916 56 80 95 114 90 1129 63 55 59 727 57 63 95 95 87 908 64 60 64 559 63 51 96 41 85 682 69 65 69 432 61 16 100 29 90 492 65 70 and over 839 55 13 100 22 96 885 57 Unknown 463 26 28 43 16 75 517 29 TOTAL 12188 57 599 94 1151 85 14098 61 NOTE: Columns do not always add the tal as there are other vehicle types such as buses not included separately in the table. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 49).

DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 97 TABLE 51: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL CRASHES BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year 15 19 years 20 24 years 25 29 years 30 39 years 40 59 years 60 years and over Unknown and other 1985 119 143 113 128 111 70 29 713 1986 126 154 100 139 127 60 35 741 1987 138 137 118 144 135 65 25 762 1988 110 133 105 119 131 68 19 685 1989 101 119 105 143 146 80 26 720 1990 99 145 105 128 122 59 36 694 1991 94 140 89 119 115 67 15 639 1992 76 119 85 122 120 74 28 624 1993 78 106 70 108 100 72 36 570 1994 64 110 81 117 110 54 21 557 1995 72 100 70 125 130 59 16 572 1996 80 82 70 94 114 60 21 521 1997 69 71 59 104 138 82 29 552 1998 70 84 61 115 115 74 28 547 1999 70 85 69 95 115 88 19 541 2000 56 64 42 94 128 87 21 492 2001 60 68 57 72 115 77 23 472 2002 44 55 54 79 108 69 18 427 2003 71 71 63 106 120 68 14 513 2004 76 62 38 78 114 70 14 452 2005 73 59 38 66 105 56 9 406 2006 59 57 31 74 110 76 7 413 2007 61 62 33 84 111 74 19 444 2008 55 58 34 47 89 59 14 356 2009 53 57 28 73 104 73 10 398 2010 56 57 41 38 100 83 11 386 2011 32 48 21 42 88 61 5 297 2012 21 45 30 34 91 67 5 293 2013 27 38 22 32 89 66 2 276 Total TABLE 52: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN INJURY CRASHES BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year 15 19 years 20 24 years 25 29 years 30 39 years 40 59 years 60 years and over Unknown and other 1985 2750 3201 1966 2677 2906 1382 440 15322 1986 2926 3113 1986 2748 2881 1431 429 15514 1987 2840 2938 2145 2785 2824 1415 431 15378 1988 2284 2766 2126 2826 2963 1452 442 14859 1989 2202 2777 2037 2725 3032 1456 465 14694 1990 2445 2947 2262 3041 3194 1611 449 15949 1991 2306 2756 2109 3184 3244 1582 350 15531 1992 2127 2813 1968 2995 3174 1502 329 14908 1993 2034 2525 1880 2825 3060 1485 345 14154 1994 2302 2713 1995 3136 3259 1607 412 15424 1995 2380 2930 1988 3299 3480 1565 362 16004 1996 2008 2298 1691 2745 3113 1427 380 13662 1997 1878 1896 1541 2539 2787 1212 400 12253 1998 1729 1743 1423 2309 2645 1168 442 11459 1999 1624 1578 1336 2347 2714 1169 454 11222 2000 1417 1496 1166 2089 2507 1072 408 10155 2001 1669 1675 1237 2366 2987 1292 441 11667 2002 2133 1949 1432 2660 3481 1527 691 13873 2003 2146 2163 1348 2802 3743 1623 704 14529 2004 2168 2026 1382 2710 3639 1617 642 14184 2005 2285 2185 1431 2693 3952 1607 754 14907 2006 2397 2271 1501 2678 4041 1770 609 15267 2007 2542 2386 1610 2910 4328 1855 830 16461 2008 2313 2251 1524 2634 4166 1889 825 15602 2009 2119 2255 1514 2476 4060 1912 787 15123 2010 1920 2132 1350 2273 4018 1976 544 14213 2011 1426 1918 1333 2120 3665 1832 464 12758 2012 1223 1854 1320 1968 3643 1861 476 12345 2013 1108 1855 1339 1991 3587 1830 478 12188 Total NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 51).

98 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 30: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS BY AGE AND SEX FOR FATAL CRASHES 16 Percent of drivers 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Age 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 Female Male 80+ FIGURE 31: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS BY AGE AND SEX FOR INJURY CRASHES 18 16 14 Female Male Percent of drivers 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Age 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+

DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 99 FIGURE 32: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS FATAL CRASHES 30 25 20 15-19 years 20-24 years 60 years and over Percent 15 10 5 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year FIGURE 33: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS INJURY CRASHES Percent 25 20 15 10 15-19 years 20-24 years 60 years and over 5 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year

100 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 53: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL CRASHES BY AGE GROUP AND SEX YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year 15 29 years Percent male 30 59 years Percent male 60 years and over Percent male Total Percent male 1985 375 78 239 73 70 81 713 76 1986 380 80 266 78 60 78 741 78 1987 393 77 279 74 65 63 762 74 1988 348 81 250 75 68 66 685 77 1989 325 80 289 74 80 70 720 76 1990 349 77 250 76 59 73 694 76 1991 323 73 234 76 67 73 639 74 1992 280 78 242 74 74 66 624 74 1993 254 82 208 76 72 67 570 77 1994 255 77 227 72 54 74 557 75 1995 242 75 255 69 59 68 572 71 1996 232 77 208 71 60 73 521 74 1997 199 67 242 75 82 76 552 72 1998 215 76 230 67 74 69 547 71 1999 224 71 210 74 88 67 541 71 2000 162 72 222 72 87 66 492 70 2001 185 82 187 70 77 61 472 74 2002 153 71 187 65 69 71 427 67 2003 205 76 226 70 68 72 513 72 2004 176 73 192 68 70 71 452 70 2005 170 80 171 70 56 79 406 76 2006 147 65 184 69 76 71 413 67 2007 156 70 195 71 74 66 444 69 2008 147 75 136 65 59 70 356 69 2009 138 67 177 72 73 63 398 68 2010 154 73 138 70 83 69 386 71 2011 101 76 130 75 61 62 297 72 2012 96 78 125 66 67 70 293 71 2013 87 69 121 68 66 68 276 69 TABLE 54: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN INJURY CRASHES BY AGE GROUP AND SEX YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year 15 29 years Percent male 30 59 years Percent male 60 years and over Percent male Total Percent male 1985 7917 73 5583 66 1382 67 15322 69 1986 8025 73 5629 66 1431 69 15514 69 1987 7923 70 5609 64 1415 65 15378 66 1988 7176 69 5789 64 1452 64 14859 66 1989 7016 70 5757 63 1456 66 14694 66 1990 7654 69 6235 62 1611 65 15949 65 1991 7171 68 6428 62 1582 65 15531 65 1992 6908 67 6169 62 1502 65 14908 64 1993 6439 65 5885 61 1485 61 14154 62 1994 7010 65 6395 60 1607 65 15424 62 1995 7298 66 6779 61 1565 63 16004 63 1996 5997 65 5858 60 1427 63 13662 62 1997 5315 65 5326 60 1212 62 12253 61 1998 4895 65 4954 59 1168 61 11459 60 1999 4538 65 5061 58 1169 60 11222 60 2000 4079 65 4596 59 1072 62 10155 61 2001 4581 65 5353 57 1292 58 11667 59 2002 5514 64 6141 58 1527 60 13873 59 2003 5657 64 6545 57 1623 59 14529 59 2004 5576 64 6349 58 1617 60 14184 59 2005 5901 64 6645 57 1607 61 14907 59 2006 6169 63 6719 59 1770 58 15267 59 2007 6538 62 7238 57 1855 61 16461 58 2008 6088 63 6800 56 1889 58 15602 58 2009 5888 61 6536 56 1912 57 15123 57 2010 5402 60 6291 55 1976 59 14213 57 2011 4677 60 5785 56 1832 56 12758 57 2012 4397 59 5611 55 1861 58 12345 56 2013 4302 61 5578 57 1830 59 12188 57 NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 53).

DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 101 FIGURE 34: MALE DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS ALL AGES 90 Fatal crashes Injury crashes 80 Percent 70 60 50 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year FIGURE 35: MALE DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS YOUNG DRIVERS 15 29 YEARS 90 Fatal crashes Injury crashes 80 Percent 70 60 50 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year

102 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 55: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED DRIVERS WITH ALCOHOL/DRUGS RECORDED AS A FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Fatal crashes Injury crashes Age group years Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Car/van Truck Morcycle Total 15 19 52 - - 48 13-7 12 20 24 40 - - 40 14 7 12 14 25 29 23 - - 27 13 2 19 13 30 39 25 - - 24 11 4 12 11 40 59 14 4 10 11 6 2 9 6 60 and over 8 - - 6 2 1 1 2 Total 22 4 25 20 9 3 10 9 NOTE: Where the number of drivers is less than 20 the percentage is not calculated. TABLE 56: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED DRIVERS WITH TOO FAST FOR CONDITIONS RECORDED AS A FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Fatal crashes Injury crashes Age group years Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Car/van Truck Morcycle Total 15 19 52 - - 48 20-11 19 20 24 29 - - 34 15 7 16 15 25 29 23 - - 23 12 9 14 12 30 39 25 - - 24 8 10 12 8 40 59 15 12 15 15 5 9 10 6 60 and over 8 - - 9 3 8 7 3 Total 20 9 32 20 9 9 12 9 NOTE: Where the number of drivers is less than 20 the percentage is not calculated. TABLE 57: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED DRIVERS WITH FAILED TO GIVE WAY OR STOP RECORDED AS A FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Fatal crashes Injury crashes Age group years Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Car/van Truck Morcycle Total 15 19 4 - - 3 14-4 13 20 24 5 - - 4 17 13 4 15 25 29 14 - - 10 16 14 4 15 30 39 3 - - 2 15 8 1 14 40 59 7 4 0 6 17 9 3 15 60 and over 17 - - 16 25 8 2 23 Total 9 7 0 8 17 9 3 16 NOTE: Where the number of drivers is less than 20 the percentage is not calculated.

SECTION 9: ETHNICITY

104 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 58: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN CRASHES BY ETHNIC GROUP AND CRASH SEVERITY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 CRASH SEVERITY Fatal Serious injury Minor injury Total Ethnic group Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Asian 12 3 140 7 1193 11 1345 10 European 244 70 1536 72 7404 69 9184 69 Maori 66 19 306 14 1278 12 1650 12 Pacific 22 6 96 5 618 6 736 6 Other 4 1 45 2 262 2 311 2 SUBTOTAL (known ethnicity) 348 100 2123 100 10755 100 13226 100 Unknown 27-202 - 1018-1247 - TOTAL 375-2325 - 11773-14473 - NOTE: The Traffic Crash Report form was modified during 2001 allow the police record ethnicity data for those involved in road crashes. The new form was introduced progressively during the year so the first full year of ethnicity data is 2002. The percentages in the table show each ethnic group as a percentage of drivers of known ethnicity. TABLE 59: CASUALTIES FROM CRASHES BY ETHNIC GROUP AND CRASH SEVERITY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 INJURY SEVERITY Fatal Serious injury Minor injury Total Ethnic group Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Asian 10 4 104 6 908 10 1022 9 European 148 63 1243 69 6118 68 7509 68 Maori 54 23 316 18 1258 14 1628 15 Pacific 21 9 96 5 468 5 585 5 Other 3 1 33 2 198 2 234 2 SUBTOTAL (known ethnicity) 236 100 1792 100 8950 100 10978 100 Unknown 18-189 - 850-1057 - TOTAL 254-1981 - 9800-12035 - NOTE: The Traffic Crash Report form was modified during 2001 allow the police record ethnicity data for those involved in road crashes. The new form was introduced progressively during the year so the first full year of ethnicity data is 2002. The percentages in the table show each ethnic group as a percentage of casualties of known ethnicity.

NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS

106 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 107 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Age and type of road user hospitalised 110 Table 2 Number of days stay by age and type of road user hospitalised 111 Table 3 Average number of days stay by age and type of road user hospitalised 112 FIGURES Figure 1 Deaths from mor vehicle crashes as a percentage of all deaths for selected age group 108 Figure 2 Hospital discharges from mor vehicle crashes (by length of stay in hospital) 108 Figure 3 Hospital discharges from mor vehicle crashes (readmissions not included) 109 Figure 4 Total days stay in hospital resulting from mor vehicle crashes 109 Figure 5 Number of hospitalisations from road crashes by age and sex 110 Figure 6 Total days stay in hospital from road crashes by age and sex 111 Figure 7 Hospitalisations and days stay by road user type 112 Figure 8 Number of pedal cyclists hospitalised from non-mor vehicle crashes 113 Figure 9 Days stay in hospital for pedal cyclists injured in non-mor vehicle crashes 113 NOTES 1. The material presented in this section is derived from data provided by the New Zealand Health Information Service, Ministry of Health. 2. The data includes those who, as a result of a mor vehicle crash, were injured seriously enough be admitted hospital. (Figures 8 and 9 show data for cyclists who were injured in non-mor vehicle crashes. These casualties are not included in the Ministry of Transport s data base which records primarily mor vehicle crashes.) The data presented includes only those discharged during the 2013 calendar year. 3. Casualties who are readmitted for further treatment are included only once in the casualty count, but their tal stay in hospital is recorded.

108 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 1: DEATHS FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL DEATHS FOR SELECTED AGE GROUP (2010) 35 Percent 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female 1-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Age FIGURE 2: HOSPITAL DISCHARGES FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES (BY LENGTH OF STAY IN HOSPITAL) 10000 Discharges 8000 6000 4000 2000 Total discharges Over 1 day in hospital Over 3 days in hospital 0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 109 FIGURE 3: HOSPITAL DISCHARGES FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES (READMISSIONS NOT INCLUDED) 10000 8000 Discharges 6000 4000 2000 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 Year FIGURE 4: TOTAL DAYS STAY IN HOSPITAL RESULTING FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES 120000 Days stay in hospital 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 Year

110 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: AGE AND TYPES OF ROAD USERS HOSPITALISED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcyclists Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users (1) TOTAL casualties Under 5 1 64 4 2 37 17 125 5 9-69 10 4 58 13 154 10 14 5 83 31 24 59 16 218 15 19 261 303 138 32 81 55 870 20 24 427 249 164 29 76 67 1012 25 29 257 147 120 22 38 37 621 30 34 195 88 96 23 28 31 461 35 39 174 57 94 27 26 27 405 40 44 195 57 122 23 29 40 466 45 49 172 41 131 34 32 38 448 50 54 183 45 133 35 26 55 477 55 59 156 39 92 23 25 40 375 60 64 141 45 50 28 27 50 341 65 69 102 34 47 12 29 56 280 70 74 94 44 22 7 22 52 241 75 79 71 32 8 9 24 55 199 80 and over 174 66 9 7 52 133 441 TOTALS 2608 1463 1271 341 669 782 7134 NOTE: (1) Includes unknown. SOURCE: Ministry of Health. FIGURE 5: NUMBER OF HOSPITALISATIONS FROM ROAD CRASHES BY AGE AND SEX 1200 1000 Female Male Hospitalisations 800 600 400 200 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age

NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 111 TABLE 2: NUMBER OF DAYS STAY BY AGE AND TYPE OF ROAD USER HOSPITALISED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcyclists Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users (1) TOTAL casualties Under 5 0 148 3 4 89 8 252 5 9-112 15 23 210 10 370 10 14 4 198 59 69 81 41 452 15 19 736 950 344 62 213 218 2523 20 24 1468 959 476 42 189 163 3297 25 29 1087 401 748 17 73 122 2448 30 34 608 241 541 54 144 315 1903 35 39 357 164 396 55 137 59 1168 40 44 635 234 868 41 247 158 2183 45 49 642 99 856 82 107 311 2097 50 54 846 125 1171 189 407 99 2837 55 59 739 99 685 148 105 181 1957 60 64 724 168 246 69 341 193 1741 65 69 470 167 400 134 337 419 1927 70 74 766 242 228 25 296 399 1956 75 79 566 147 48 21 246 487 1515 80 and over 1724 811 81 31 841 1683 5171 TOTALS 11372 5265 7165 1066 4063 4866 33797 NOTE: (1) Includes unknown. SOURCE: Ministry of Health. FIGURE 6: TOTAL DAYS STAY IN HOSPITAL FROM ROAD CRASHES BY AGE AND SEX Days Stay 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 Female Male 1000 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 Age 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+

112 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 3: AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS STAY BY AGE AND TYPE OF ROAD USER HOSPITALISED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcyclists Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users (1) TOTAL casualties Under 5-2 - - 2-2 5 9-2 - - 4-2 10 14-2 2 3 1-2 15 19 3 3 2 2 3 4 3 20 24 3 4 3 1 2 2 3 25 29 4 3 6 1 2 3 4 30 34 3 3 6 2 5 10 4 35 39 2 3 4 2 5 2 3 40 44 3 4 7 2 9 4 5 45 49 4 2 7 2 3 8 5 50 54 5 3 9 5 16 2 6 55 59 5 3 7 6 4 5 5 60 64 5 4 5 2 13 4 5 65 69 5 5 9-12 7 7 70 74 8 6 10-13 8 8 75 79 8 5 - - 10 9 8 80 and over 10 12 - - 16 13 12 TOTALS 4 4 6 3 6 6 5 NOTE: (1) Includes unknown. Average days stay are not calculated when there are fewer than 20 individuals. SOURCE: Ministry of Health. FIGURE 7: HOSPITALISATIONS AND DAYS STAY BY ROAD USER TYPE 3,000 2,500 Hospitalisations Days stay 12,000 10,000 Hospitalisations 2,000 1,500 1,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 Days stay 500 2,000 0 Driver Passenger Morcyclist Pedestrian Cyclist Other 0

NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 113 FIGURE 8: NUMBER OF PEDAL CYCLISTS HOSPITALISED FROM NON-MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES Hospitalisations 150 100 50 In 2013 there were 1017 cyclists discharged from hospital as a result of non mor vehicle traffic crashes. 71% were males. Female Male 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 Age 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ FIGURE 9: DAYS STAY IN HOSPITAL FOR PEDAL CYCLISTS INJURED IN NON-MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES Days stay 400 300 200 Pedal cyclists from non mor vehicle traffic crashes spent a tal of 2269 days in hospital. 69% were for males. Female Male 100 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 Age 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+

114 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS

116 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 117 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Number of alcohol offenders by age group and sex 119 Table 2 Alcohol offenders by month and crash involvement 120 Table 3 Alcohol offenders by time of day and day of week 121 Table 4 Alcohol offenders by road type and weekend/non-weekend 122 Table 5 Alcohol level by driver age 122 Table 6 Age of male offenders by breath test result 124 Table 7 Age of female offenders by breath test result 124 Table 8 Age of male offenders by blood alcohol level 125 Table 9 Age of female offenders by blood alcohol level 125 FIGURES Figure 1 Number of alcohol offenders by age group and sex 119 Figure 2 Number of alcohol offenders by month of the year 120 Figure 3 Alcohol offenders by time of day and day of week 121 Figure 4 Number of offenders by alcohol level and age 123 Figure 5 Number of offenders by alcohol level and sex 123

118 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 NOTES 1. Data The data in this section includes alcohol offences recorded by police. There can be several alcohol offence codes related a single incident. For the following tables and graphs, offenders are counted only once for each incident. Any offence records for the same individual that occur within the same hour are treated as a single incident. Not all the offences reported here will result in a successful prosecution. 2. Limits and testing procedure As from December 1988 the legal breath alcohol level was lowered from 500 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath. From 1 April 1993, for those aged under 20 years, the legal breath alcohol limit was lowered 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath and the legal blood alcohol level was reduced 30mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood. From 7 August 2011 the legal breath and blood alcohol limits, for drivers under 20 years, have been lowered zero. The procedure is: i. A breath screening test is requested. ii. If the screening test is positive or not taken for any reason, the driver is asked accompany the officer a place where an evidential breath or blood test may be taken. iii. If the evidential breath test: (a) is not taken for any reason, then a blood sample is requested by the officer. (b) gives a reading of not over 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath (above zero for those under 20 years), then the test is considered negative and no blood sample is requested. (c) gives a reading of over 400 (zero for those under 20 years), then the driver, after being advised of his/her rights, decides whether accept the reading and subsequent court action or request a blood sample. Refusing a blood sample when requested by an officer, or a result over the legal limit, normally results in court charges.

BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 119 FIGURE 1: NUMBER OF ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY AGE GROUP AND SEX 6000 Alcohol offenders 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Female Male 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+ Age group TABLE 1: NUMBER OF ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY AGE AND SEX YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Age group Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 15 19 5674 1961 4860 1545 4029 1354 2960 905 2307 706 20 24 5584 1737 5185 1607 5217 1535 4733 1383 4029 1143 25 29 3631 1066 3382 991 3455 1061 3204 947 3094 910 30 34 2566 815 2233 720 2256 792 2175 697 2047 635 35 39 2346 821 2060 757 1980 734 1740 619 1585 566 40 44 2134 703 1902 709 1831 699 1692 653 1516 557 45 49 1682 595 1620 538 1554 550 1392 492 1288 484 50 54 1174 329 1111 369 1049 345 1024 348 993 324 55 59 753 173 730 165 753 189 662 164 682 161 60 and over 777 132 705 151 780 148 701 174 681 145 Unknown age 16 10 16 6 12 8 7 11 2 1 Total 26337 8342 23804 7558 22916 7415 20290 6393 18224 5632 NOTE: In 2013 there were 50 cases where sex was not recorded.

120 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY MONTH AND CRASH INVOLVEMENT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Month Fatal crash Injury crash Non-injury crash Did not crash Total January 0 37 81 1716 1834 February 1 27 93 1601 1722 March 0 36 127 2061 2224 April 0 20 99 1727 1846 May 0 29 127 1782 1938 June 0 36 122 2007 2165 July 0 19 102 1852 1973 August 2 29 113 2042 2186 September 0 30 106 1831 1967 Ocber 0 26 100 1881 2007 November 0 34 101 1875 2010 December 1 28 94 1911 2034 Total 4 351 1265 22286 23906 FIGURE 2: NUMBER OF ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY MONTH OF THE YEAR 2500 Number of Offenders 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 121 TABLE 3: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am 75 87 121 202 439 969 895 2788 1am 1.59am 55 91 95 168 403 876 919 2607 2am 2.59am 45 83 81 127 221 617 673 1847 3am 3.59am 38 35 58 102 187 426 449 1295 4am 4.59am 17 30 30 70 81 267 312 807 5am 5.59am 10 13 10 35 65 127 154 414 6am 6.59am 7 17 9 14 28 102 109 286 7am 7.59am 4 17 17 13 27 84 158 320 8am 8.59am 4 14 13 10 35 54 86 216 9am 9.59am 4 20 11 23 26 48 49 181 10am 10.59am 5 16 13 19 31 33 40 157 11am 11.59am 10 14 15 24 52 43 38 196 noon 12.59am 11 15 16 30 35 57 46 210 1pm 1.59pm 10 22 24 31 25 48 26 186 2pm 2.59pm 17 23 29 36 24 42 60 231 3pm 3.59pm 29 40 30 43 41 56 38 277 4pm 4.59pm 22 55 48 56 51 77 70 379 5pm 5.59pm 41 47 62 77 81 138 83 529 6pm 6.59pm 48 58 85 137 177 225 102 832 7pm 7.59pm 55 96 148 199 336 325 115 1274 8pm 8.59pm 96 121 224 344 511 459 151 1906 9pm 9.59pm 57 121 194 397 610 530 109 2018 10pm 10.59pm 66 107 194 452 686 615 91 2211 11pm 11.59pm 68 120 199 523 856 860 110 2736 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 TOTALS 794 1262 1726 3132 5028 7079 4885 23906 FIGURE 3: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 1200 Number of Offenders 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day labels at 12 noon Day / Hour

122 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 4: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY ROAD TYPE AND WEEKEND/NON-WEEKEND YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Weekday Weekend Total Open road State Highway 496 957 1453 Non-State Highway 258 499 757 Open Road Subtal 754 1456 2210 Urban State Highway 305 729 1034 Non-State Highway 4706 8388 13094 Urban Subtal 5011 9117 14128 Speed limit unspecified 2761 4807 7568 Total 8526 15380 23906 TABLE 5: ALCOHOL LEVEL BY DRIVER AGE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Alcohol level (1) Age group No value 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Refused Total 15 19 11 3 382 1013 314 412 477 334 34 0 0 0 34 3014 20 24 17 0 0 2 631 1357 1579 1260 204 14 1 0 117 5182 25 29 27 0 0 1 419 971 1227 1021 223 23 2 2 96 4012 30 34 13 0 0 0 239 610 752 745 181 34 3 2 108 2687 35 39 14 1 0 1 218 468 614 525 183 34 10 1 87 2156 40 44 11 0 0 2 199 439 559 549 169 42 14 2 90 2076 45 49 9 0 0 0 173 372 475 474 149 37 7 2 77 1775 50 54 5 0 0 1 121 303 360 332 111 25 8 0 54 1320 55 59 3 0 0 0 91 202 222 217 72 11 1 0 28 847 60 and over 7 0 0 0 86 238 232 185 43 15 1 3 24 834 Unknown age 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Total 117 4 384 1020 2491 5372 6498 5642 1369 235 47 12 715 23906 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. Breath test results have been converted a blood equivalent eg breath reading of 400 micrograms per litre is equivalent a blood reading of 80 milligrams per 100 millilitres.

BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 123 FIGURE 4: NUMBER OF OFFENDERS BY ALCOHOL LEVEL AND AGE 7000 6000 5000 Under 20 20 years or older Offenders 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 31-50 51-80 81-100 101-120 121-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Over 350 Alcohol Level ( blood equivalent - mg/100mls) FIGURE 5: NUMBER OF OFFENDERS BY ALCOHOL LEVEL AND SEX 7000 6000 5000 Female Male Offenders 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 31-50 51-80 81-100 101-120 121-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 Over 350 Alcohol Level ( blood equivalent - mg/100mls)

124 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 6: AGE OF MALE OFFENDERS BY BREATH TEST RESULT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Evidential breath test levels (1) Age group No value (2) 0 150 151 300 301 400 401 500 501 600 601 1000 Over 1000 Total 15 19 233 2 456 538 222 285 550 21 2307 20 24 834 0 0 0 343 868 1862 122 4029 25 29 675 0 0 0 224 622 1420 153 3094 30 34 493 0 0 0 132 393 920 109 2047 35 39 369 1 0 0 123 286 701 105 1585 40 44 405 0 0 0 111 247 636 117 1516 45 49 325 0 0 0 100 215 561 87 1288 50 54 246 0 0 0 69 192 408 78 993 55 59 165 0 0 0 63 150 268 36 682 60 and over 193 0 0 0 54 154 253 27 681 Unknown age 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 Total 3938 3 457 538 1441 3412 7580 855 18224 NOTE: (1) In micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath. (2) Most will have blood test results (see Table 8). TABLE 7: AGE OF FEMALE OFFENDERS BY BREATH TEST RESULT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Evidential breath test levels (1) Age group No value (2) 0 150 151 300 301 400 401 500 501 600 601 1000 Over 1000 Total 15 19 57 0 130 169 59 95 190 6 706 20 24 189 0 0 0 114 286 517 37 1143 25 29 134 0 0 0 85 197 454 40 910 30 34 102 0 0 0 42 119 330 42 635 35 39 93 0 0 0 39 113 254 67 566 40 44 132 0 0 0 44 91 239 51 557 45 49 112 0 0 0 26 90 214 42 484 50 54 77 0 0 0 26 59 139 23 324 55 59 40 0 0 0 14 22 67 18 161 60 and over 44 0 0 0 10 33 55 3 145 Unknown age 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 980 0 131 169 459 1105 2459 329 5632 NOTE: (1) In micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath. (2) Most will have blood test results (see Table 9).

BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 125 TABLE 8: AGE OF MALE OFFENDERS BY BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol test levels (1) Age group No value (2) 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Refused Total 15 19 2077 1 37 45 29 20 26 32 5 0 0 0 35 2307 20 24 3200 0 0 1 137 165 178 186 44 6 0 0 112 4029 25 29 2431 0 0 1 85 130 150 160 41 6 0 0 90 3094 30 34 1558 0 0 0 49 76 101 115 38 10 1 2 97 2047 35 39 1224 0 0 1 43 53 77 70 30 9 1 0 77 1585 40 44 1110 0 0 2 31 74 92 82 27 10 4 1 83 1516 45 49 967 0 0 0 30 47 55 78 31 11 3 0 66 1288 50 54 748 0 0 1 15 40 58 54 22 6 2 0 47 993 55 59 517 0 0 0 9 23 41 42 18 5 0 0 27 682 60 and over 489 0 0 0 20 39 49 34 12 10 0 2 26 681 Unknown age 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Total 14323 1 37 51 448 667 827 853 268 73 11 5 660 18224 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. (2) Most will have breath test results (see Table 6). TABLE 9: AGE OF FEMALE OFFENDERS BY BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol test levels (1) Age group No value (2) 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Refused Total 15 19 653 0 4 15 4 12 7 6 2 0 0 0 3 706 20 24 953 0 0 1 36 37 46 43 8 2 0 0 17 1143 25 29 779 0 0 0 24 22 31 26 5 4 1 0 18 910 30 34 529 0 0 0 16 22 15 12 15 3 0 0 23 635 35 39 471 0 0 0 13 16 19 14 11 2 1 1 18 566 40 44 427 0 0 0 13 26 23 34 11 4 1 1 17 557 45 49 370 0 0 0 16 20 19 20 15 5 0 1 18 484 50 54 245 0 0 0 11 11 14 17 8 3 2 0 13 324 55 59 119 0 0 0 5 6 7 12 4 2 0 0 6 161 60 and over 101 0 0 0 2 7 15 8 4 4 0 0 4 145 Unknown age 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 4648 0 4 16 140 179 196 192 83 29 5 3 137 5632 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.(2) Most will have breath test results (see Table 7).

126 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS

128 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 129 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by age group 131 Table 2 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by time of day 132 Table 3 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by day of week 133 Table 4 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by month 134 Table 5 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by type of crash 135 Table 6 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by type of vehicle 136 Table 7 Blood alcohol for fatally injured drivers hisrical 137 FIGURES Figure 1 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers 130 Figure 2 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by age group 131 Figure 3 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by hour of day 132 Figure 4 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by day of week 133 Figure 5 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by month 134 Figure 6 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by crash type 135 Figure 7 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by vehicle type 136 Figure 8 Number of drivers, number tested for alcohol and percent tested for alcohol 137 Figure 9 Number of dead drivers who had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit 138 Figure 10 Percent of dead drivers who had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit 138

130 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 NOTES 1. The data in this section are derived by matching the Ministry of Transport s Traffic Crash Reports with blood alcohol measurements taken as part of post mortem examinations for deceased drivers. 2. In cases where the driver dies at some time after the crash, the blood alcohol level measured in a post mortem examination may be different that present at the time of the crash. SUMMARY 1. Of the 164 drivers/riders who died in road crashes in 2013, 138 (84 percent) were given a blood test detect the presence of alcohol. 2. Thirty five drivers had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit. That is, 25 percent of those tested and at least 21 percent of the tal number of dead drivers were above the legal limit. 3. A number of those not tested may also have had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit, so the percentage of dead drivers who were above the legal limit is likely be higher than 21 percent. An estimate of the number of untested drivers who may have been above the legal limit can be made by assuming that the alcohol involvement rate for untested drivers with alcohol suspected is the same as that for the tested drivers with alcohol suspected, and similarly for drivers with alcohol not suspected. For 2013 this estimate gives a further six drivers likely be above the legal limit. Hence, based on the above assumptions, and the available data, a likely estimate is that about 23 percent of all dead drivers were above the legal blood alcohol limit. FIGURE 1: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 30 20 Blood alcohol levels are available for 84% of the 164 drivers killed in road crashes. 99 drivers had a BAC of 30mg/100ml or less. Drivers 10 0 0 31-50 5 51-80 0 81-100 4 101-120 121-150 8 8 151-200 12 201-250 251-300 1 1 301-350 0 350+ Blood Alcohol (mg / 100ml of blood)

BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 131 TABLE 1: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Age group No value 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Total 15 19 1 6-1 - 1 3 2 - - - - 14 20 24 1 15-1 - 2-3 3 - - - 25 25 29-6 - 1 - - 1 1 2 - - - 11 30 34 1 7 - - - - - - - - - - 8 35 39-5 - 1-1 3-1 1 - - 12 40 44 1 8-1 - - - - 1-1 - 12 45 49 2 6 - - - - - - 1 - - - 9 50 54 2 13 - - - - 1-3 - - - 19 55 59 1 9 - - - - - 2 - - - - 12 60 and over 17 24 - - - - - - 1 - - - 42 Unknown age - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total 26 99-5 - 4 8 8 12 1 1-164 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 2: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY AGE GROUP 50 Drivers 40 30 20 No value Under legal limit Over legal limit 10 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 Age 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+

132 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY TIME OF DAY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Time of day No value 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 Midnight 12.59am - 3-1 - - - - 1 - - - 5 1am 1.59am - 2 - - - 2 1 - - - - - 5 2am 2.59am - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 3am 3.59am - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 4am 4.59am - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 2 5am 5.59am - 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - 2 6am 6.59am 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - 7 7am 7.59am - 6 - - - - - - - - - - 6 8am 8.59am - 2 - - - - - 1 - - - - 3 9am 9.59am 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - 3 10am 10.59am 4 2 - - - - - - - - - - 6 11am 11.59am 3 7 - - - - - 1 - - - - 11 noon 12.59am 2 9 - - - - - - - - - - 11 1pm 1.59pm 1 10 - - - - - - - - - - 11 2pm 2.59pm 3 10 - - - - - - - - - - 13 3pm 3.59pm 1 11 - - - 1-1 1 - - - 15 4pm 4.59pm 4 10 - - - - - - - - - - 14 5pm 5.59pm 2 4 - - - - 2-1 - 1-10 6pm 6.59pm 1 5-1 - - - - - - - - 7 7pm 7.59pm - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3 8pm 8.59pm - 2 - - - - - - 2 - - - 4 9pm 9.59pm 1 3-1 - - 2 1 1 - - - 9 10pm 10.59pm - 3-1 - - 1 - - - - - 5 11pm 11.59pm - - - 1-1 2 2 3 1 - - 10 Total 26 99-5 - 4 8 8 12 1 1-164 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 3: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY HOUR OF DAY 20 Drivers 15 10 No value Under legal limit Over legal limit 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour of day

BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 133 TABLE 3: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Day of week No value 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Total Monday 5 22 - - - - - - 1 - - - 28 Tuesday 4 13-1 - - 1-2 - - - 21 Wednesday 5 14-1 - - 1 1 - - - - 22 Thursday 6 13 - - - - - 3 1 1 - - 24 Friday 2 15 - - - - - 1 1 - - - 19 Saturday 3 14-3 - 3 4 1 4-1 - 33 Sunday 1 8 - - - 1 2 2 3 - - - 17 Total 26 99-5 - 4 8 8 12 1 1-164 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 4: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY DAY OF WEEK 60 50 Drivers 40 30 20 No value Under legal limit Over legal limit 10 0 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Day of week

134 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 4: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY MONTH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Month No value 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Total January 2 7 - - - - 1 2 1 - - - 13 February 4 8-2 - - 1 - - - - - 15 March - 5 - - - 1 2-2 - - - 10 April 4 6 - - - - - 1 - - - - 11 May - 10-3 - - - - 1 - - - 14 June 1 7 - - - 1 1-2 - - - 12 July 3 9 - - - - 1 - - - - - 13 August 3 9 - - - - 2-3 - - - 17 September 2 5 - - - - - 1 1 - - - 9 Ocber 4 8 - - - - - 3 1 1 - - 17 November 1 16 - - - 2 - - - - 1-20 December 2 9 - - - - - 1 1 - - - 13 Total 26 99-5 - 4 8 8 12 1 1-164 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 5: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY MONTH 30 Drivers 20 10 No value Under legal limit Over legal limit 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 135 TABLE 5: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY TYPE OF CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Crash type No value 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Total Overtaking 1 4 - - - 1 1 1 - - - - 8 Head-on collision 5 43-2 - - 1-3 - - - 54 Lost control straight - 11-1 - 2 2 1 1 - - - 18 Lost control cornering 8 20-2 - 1 3 6 7 1 1-49 Collision obstruction 1 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - 3 Rear end collision - - - - - - - - - - - - - Turning vehicle same direction - 3 - - - - - - 1 - - - 4 Crossing vehicle not turning 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - 7 Crossing vehicle turning 3 5 - - - - - - - - - - 8 Merging traffic 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Right turn against 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - 4 Manoeuvring 2 4 - - - - - - - - - - 6 Miscellaneous 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2 Total 26 99-5 - 4 8 8 12 1 1-164 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 6: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY CRASH TYPE Overtaking Head-on collision Lost control straight Lost control cornering Collision Obstruction Rear-end collision Turning v same direction Over legal limit Under legal limit No value Crossing vehicle not turning Crossing vehicle turning Merging traffic Right turn against Manoeuvring Miscellaneous 0 20 40 60 80 Drivers

136 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 6: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY TYPE OF VEHICLE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Vehicle type No value 0 30 31 50 51 80 81 100 101 120 121 150 151 200 201 250 251 300 301 350 Over 350 Total Car 13 53-3 - 3 7 5 8 1 - - 93 Morcycle 8 25-1 - - 1 2 1 - - - 38 Van (2) 5 16-1 - 1-1 3-1 - 28 Truck - 5 - - - - - - - - - - 5 Other - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26 99-5 - 4 8 8 12 1 1-164 NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. (2) SUVs are included as vans. FIGURE 7: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY VEHICLE TYPE Car Morcycle Van Over legal limit Under legal limit No value Truck Other 0 50 100 150 Drivers

BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 137 TABLE 7: BLOOD ALCOHOL FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS HISTORICAL Adjusted for non-testing# Year Number of killed drivers Number tested Percent tested Number over legal limit Percent of drivers over legal limit Percentage of those tested over the limit Best estimate of number over the limit Best estimate of percent over the limit (A) (B) (C) (C/A) (C/B) 1987 438 325 74% 151 35% 47% 185 42% 1988 395 282 71% 122 31% 43% 156 40% 1989 413 292 71% 135 31% 44% 162 39% 1990 374 277 74% 137 37% 50% 172 46% 1991 342 240 70% 108 32% 45% 138 40% 1992 361 240 67% 98 27% 41% 129 36% 1993 333 233 70% 88 26% 38% 106 32% 1994 333 252 76% 105 32% 42% 127 38% 1995 314 237 76% 78 25% 33% 93 30% 1996 283 201 71% 66 23% 33% 84 30% 1997 304 218 72% 46 15% 21% 63 21% 1998 271 183 68% 56 21% 31% 74 27% 1999 293 215 73% 50 17% 23% 61 21% 2000 273 179 66% 55 20% 31% 58 21% 2001 267 204 76% 44 17% 22% 55 21% 2002 246 198 81% 52 21% 26% 60 24% 2003 262 191 73% 59 23% 31% 70 27% 2004 255 197 77% 57 22% 29% 69 27% 2005 237 171 72% 45 19% 26% 58 25% 2006 225 174 77% 46 20% 26% 54 24% 2007 241 196 81% 56 23% 29% 65 27% 2008 211 171 81% 53 25% 31% 59 28% 2009 238 191 80% 57 24% 30% 66 28% 2010 227 181 80% 59 26% 33% 68 30% 2011 184 143 78% 44 24% 31% 48 26% 2012 183 128 70% 35 19% 27% 49 27% 2013 164 138 84% 35 21% 25% 38 23% NOTE: # This gives the best estimate of the number and percentage of all killed drivers likely have a blood alcohol level over the legal limit after adjusting for the 20 percent or so of drivers that are not tested. See Note 3 in the summary for more detail. FIGURE 8: NUMBER OF DRIVERS, NUMBER TESTED FOR ALCOHOL AND PERCENT TESTED FOR ALCOHOL Percent 100% Number 500 80% 60% 40% 20% 400 300 200 100 Percent tested Number of killed drivers Number tested 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0% 0

138 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 FIGURE 9: NUMBER OF DEAD DRIVERS WHO HAD A BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL ABOVE THE LEGAL LIMIT 200 Dead Drivers 150 100 50 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Best estimate of tal number over limit (1) Number tested and over limit 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year FIGURE 10: PERCENT OF DEAD DRIVERS WHO HAD A BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL ABOVE THE LEGAL LIMIT 60% 50% Percent 40% 30% 20% Percent of tested drivers over limit Best estimate (1) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 10% Percent of all dead drivers over limit 0% 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year NOTE: (1). After adjusting for those drivers who were not tested but may have been over the limit. See Note 3 in the summary for more detail.

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS

140 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 141 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 International comparison of death rates 142 Table 2 Type of road user killed 144 Table 3 Deaths per 100,000 population by age group 146 Table 4 Percentage of deaths by age group 147 Table 5 Deaths per 100,000 population by year 149 Table 6 Deaths per 10,000 vehicles by year 150 Table 7 Percentage of deaths by road category 151 FIGURES Figure 1A International comparison of deaths per 100,000 population 143 Figure 1B International comparison of deaths per 10,000 vehicles 143 Figure 2 Road deaths by type of road user for selected countries 145 Figure 3 Age distribution of road deaths for selected countries 148 Figure 4A Percentage of deaths on urban roads 152 Figure 4B Percentage of deaths on morways 152 NOTES 1. The data in this section are derived from data submitted the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD). Only countries that contribute the database are included in this section. 2. More about IRTAD (from http://internationaltransportforum.org/irtad/ about.html) Background In 1988, the OECD Road Transport Research Programme established the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) as a mechanism for providing an aggregated database, in which international accident and victim as well as exposure data are collected on a continuous basis. The International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group (known as the IRTAD Group) is an on-going working group of the Joint Transport Research Centre of the OECD and the International Transport Forum. It is composed of road safety experts and statisticians from renowned safety research institutes, national road and transport administrations, international organisations, universities, aumobilists associations, morcar industry etc. Its main objectives are contribute international co-operation on road accident data and its analysis. What is IRTAD? IRTAD includes both a database and a working group. The IRTAD database includes accident and traffic data and other safety indicars for 29 countries.

142 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF DEATH RATES Country Year Population (thousand) Vehicles (thousand) Vehicles per capita Road deaths Deaths per 100,000 population Deaths per 10,000 vehicles AUSTRALIA 2012 22710 16742 737 1301 5.7 0.8 AUSTRIA 2012 8443 6195 734 531 6.3 0.9 BELGIUM # 2012 11095 6921 624 767 6.9 1.1 CAMBODIA 2012-2172 115 1966-9.1 CANADA 2011 34754 22285 649 2006 5.8 0.9 CZECH REPUBLIC 2012 10505 6205 591 742 7.1 1.2 DENMARK # 2012 5581 2916 523 167 3.0 0.6 FINLAND 2012 5401 4130 765 255 4.7 0.6 FRANCE 2012 63409 42275 667 3653 5.8 0.9 GERMANY 2012 81844 53832 658 3600 4.4 0.7 GREECE 2011 11290 9493 841 1141 10.1 1.2 HUNGARY # 2012 9958 3598 361 605 6.1 1.7 ICELAND 2012 320 266 832 9 2.8 0.3 IRELAND 2012 4583 2403 524 162 3.5 0.7 ISRAEL 2011 7766 2683 345 341 4.4 1.3 ITALY 2012 60821 51292 843 3653 6.0 0.7 JAPAN 2011 127799 90288 706 5507 4.3 0.6 KOREA # 2012 50004 21909 438 5392 10.8 2.5 LUXEMBOURG 2012 525 430 819 34 6.5 0.8 NETHERLANDS 2012 16730 10095 603 562 3.4 0.6 NEW ZEALAND 2012 4433 3250 733 308 6.9 0.9 NORWAY 2012 4986 3672 736 145 2.9 0.4 POLAND 2012 38538 24876 645 3571 9.3 1.4 PORTUGAL 2012 10542 6097 574 718 6.8 1.2 SLOVENIA 2012 2055 1351 658 130 6.3 1.0 SPAIN 2012 46196 33373 722 1903 4.1 0.6 SWEDEN 2012 9483 5701 601 285 3.0 0.5 SWITZERLAND 2012 7955 5775 726 339 4.3 0.6 UNITED KINGDOM 2012 63705 35582 559 1802 2.8 0.5 USA # 2012 313914 265647 846 33561 10.7 1.3 NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database. # - Vehicle data for these countries do not include mopeds.

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 143 FIGURE 1A: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF DEATHS PER 100,000 POPULATION (2012) Iceland United Kingdom Norway Denmark Sweden Netherlands Ireland Spain Switzerland Japan (2011) Germany Israel (2011) Finland Australia France Canada (2011) Italy Hungary Austria Slovenia Luxembourg Portugal Belgium New Zealand Czech Republic Poland Greece (2011) United States Korea 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Deaths / 100,000 population FIGURE 1B: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF DEATHS PER 10,000 VEHICLES (2012) Iceland Norway Sweden United Kingdom Netherlands Spain Switzerland Denmark Japan (2011) Finland Germany Ireland Italy Australia Luxembourg Austria France Canada (2011) New Zealand Slovenia Portugal Czech Republic Greece (2011) Belgium United States Israel (2011) Poland Hungary Korea 0 1 2 3 Deaths / 10,000 vehicles

144 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED Country Year Vehicle occupants # Morcyclists (including mopeds) Percentage of deaths Pedestrians Cyclists Unknown Total number killed AUSTRALIA 2012 65% 17% 13% 3% 2% 1301 AUSTRIA 2012 59% 16% 15% 10% 0% 531 BELGIUM 2012 58% 13% 14% 9% 6% 767 CAMBODIA 2012 17% 68% 11% 4% 0% 1966 CANADA 2011 73% 8% 16% 3% 0% 2006 CZECH REPUBLIC 2012 55% 13% 22% 11% 0% 742 DENMARK 2012 54% 14% 19% 13% 0% 167 FINLAND 2012 70% 11% 11% 7% 0% 255 FRANCE 2012 59% 23% 13% 4% 0% 3653 GERMANY 2012 55% 19% 14% 11% 0% 3600 GREECE 2011 50% 30% 20% 1% 0% 1141 HUNGARY 2012 50% 11% 26% 14% 0% 605 ICELAND 2012 78% 0% 22% 0% 0% 9 IRELAND 2012 65% 12% 18% 5% 0% 162 ISRAEL 2011 49% 12% 34% 5% 0% 341 ITALY 2012 50% 26% 15% 8% 1% 3653 JAPAN 2011 30% 18% 36% 16% 0% 5507 KOREA 2012 39% 18% 38% 5% 0% 5392 LUXEMBOURG 2012 68% 15% 18% 0% 0% 34 NETHERLANDS 2012 49% 13% 11% 26% 1% 562 NEW ZEALAND 2012 70% 16% 11% 3% 0% 308 NORWAY 2011 70% 10% 10% 7% 4% 168 POLAND 2012 50% 10% 32% 8% 0% 3571 PORTUGAL 2012 51% 23% 22% 4% 0% 718 SLOVENIA 2012 59% 17% 15% 9% 0% 130 SPAIN 2012 57% 19% 20% 4% 0% 1903 SWEDEN 2012 59% 14% 18% 10% 0% 285 SWITZERLAND 2012 45% 23% 22% 11% 0% 339 UNITED KINGDOM 2012 51% 18% 24% 7% 0% 1802 USA 2012 69% 15% 14% 2% 0% 33561 NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database. # Includes other road users ie those that do not fit in any other category.

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 145 FIGURE 2: ROAD DEATHS BY TYPE OF ROAD USER FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES Cyclists Pedestrians New Zealand Cyclists Pedestrians United States Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Percent of deaths Percent of deaths Cyclists Pedestrians Cambodia Cyclists Pedestrians Italy Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Percent of deaths Percent of deaths Cyclists Cyclists Pedestrians Japan Pedestrians Korea Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Percent of deaths Percent of deaths Cyclists Cyclists Pedestrians Netherlands Pedestrians Denmark Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Percent of deaths Percent of deaths

146 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 3: DEATHS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP Age group in years Country Year 0 14 15 24 25 34 35 44 45 54 55 64 Over 64 All ages AUSTRALIA 2012 1.1 8.8 7.5 5.2 5.6 5.8 7.6 5.7 AUSTRIA 2012 0.7 10.6 6.9 3.9 5.6 6.0 10.3 6.3 BELGIUM 2012 1.0 10.9 9.1 6.6 7.0 6.2 9.2 6.9 CAMBODIA CANADA 2011 1.1 9.9 6.6 4.9 5.2 5.2 8.4 5.8 CZECH REPUBLIC 2012 1.0 9.3 8.2 7.8 8.0 6.0 9.2 7.1 DENMARK 2012 0.7 5.2 2.8 1.9 3.4 2.7 4.5 3.0 FINLAND 2012 0.8 8.3 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.9 4.7 FRANCE 2012 1.0 11.4 7.9 5.5 5.7 4.1 6.8 5.8 GERMANY 2012 0.7 8.0 5.0 3.4 3.9 3.8 5.9 4.4 GREECE 2011 1.4 16.3 13.5 9.1 9.2 8.6 11.9 10.1 HUNGARY ICELAND 2012 0.0 4.3 4.4 0.0 0.0 2.8 9.9 2.8 IRELAND 2012 0.3 7.5 4.7 2.3 3.3 2.4 6.6 3.5 ISRAEL 2011 1.0 7.3 5.1 2.7 4.3 5.2 8.3 4.4 ITALY 2012 0.6 8.1 7.3 5.9 5.4 5.2 8.4 6.0 JAPAN 2011 0.7 4.3 2.5 2.4 3.1 4.0 9.3 4.3 KOREA 2012 1.3 6.1 6.6 7.3 11.6 16.7 31.6 10.8 LUXEMBOURG 2012 1.1 12.6 7.9 6.0 3.7 3.4 12.3 6.5 NETHERLANDS 2012 0.8 4.3 3.6 2.8 2.5 2.7 6.9 3.4 NEW ZEALAND 2012 1.6 9.5 7.6 7.9 5.8 6.6 11.4 6.9 NORWAY 2012 0.4 4.0 4.8 2.2 3.6 2.7 3.6 2.9 POLAND 2011 1.7 15.6 11.5 11.0 11.4 11.6 13.7 10.9 PORTUGAL 2012 0.8 6.5 8.3 6.6 7.3 7.4 9.5 6.8 SLOVENIA 2012 1.0 9.0 6.0 6.3 7.1 7.8 7.5 6.3 SPAIN 2012 0.7 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.1 3.9 6.3 4.1 SWEDEN 2012 0.4 4.1 3.6 2.6 3.8 2.8 4.0 3.0 SWITZERLAND 2012 2.6 4.8 3.0 2.6 5.1 4.5 6.8 4.3 UNITED KINGDOM 2012 0.5 5.0 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.4 3.9 2.8 NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 147 TABLE 4: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS BY AGE GROUP Age group in years Country Year 0 14 15 24 25 34 35 44 45 54 55 64 Over 64 Unknown age AUSTRALIA 2012 4% 21% 19% 13% 13% 12% 19% 0% AUSTRIA 2012 2% 20% 14% 9% 14% 11% 29% 0% BELGIUM 2012 2% 19% 17% 13% 15% 11% 23% 0% CAMBODIA 2012 8% 33% 26% 12% 11% 6% 4% 0% CANADA 2011 3% 23% 16% 11% 14% 11% 21% 1% CZECH REPUBLIC 2012 2% 15% 17% 17% 15% 12% 21% 0% DENMARK 2012 4% 22% 11% 9% 16% 11% 26% 0% FINLAND 2012 3% 22% 13% 12% 14% 14% 23% 0% FRANCE 2012 3% 24% 17% 13% 13% 9% 20% 0% GERMANY 2012 2% 20% 14% 11% 15% 11% 28% 0% GREECE 2011 2% 17% 19% 14% 13% 10% 23% 2% HUNGARY ICELAND 2012 0% 22% 22% 0% 0% 11% 44% 0% IRELAND 2012 2% 26% 22% 10% 12% 7% 22% 0% ISRAEL 2011 6% 26% 17% 8% 10% 11% 19% 4% ITALY 2012 1% 13% 15% 15% 14% 11% 29% 2% JAPAN 2011 2% 10% 7% 8% 9% 14% 50% 0% KOREA 2012 2% 8% 9% 11% 18% 17% 34% 0% LUXEMBOURG 2012 3% 24% 18% 15% 9% 6% 26% 0% NETHERLANDS 2012 4% 16% 13% 12% 11% 10% 33% 0% NEW ZEALAND 2012 5% 20% 14% 15% 12% 11% 23% 1% NORWAY 2012 3% 18% 21% 11% 17% 11% 19% 0% POLAND 2011 2% 20% 18% 13% 15% 15% 17% 1% PORTUGAL 2012 2% 10% 16% 15% 15% 14% 27% 1% SLOVENIA 2012 2% 15% 14% 15% 17% 17% 20% 0% SPAIN 2012 3% 11% 16% 18% 14% 11% 27% 1% SWEDEN 2012 2% 18% 15% 12% 17% 12% 25% 0% SWITZERLAND 2012 9% 13% 9% 9% 19% 13% 27% 0% UNITED KINGDOM 2012 3% 23% 14% 14% 13% 10% 23% 0% USA 2012 3% 20% 18% 14% 15% 13% 17% 0% NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

148 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 3: AGE DISTRIBUTION OF ROAD DEATHS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES 50 40 New Zealand 50 40 Germany Percent 30 20 Percent 30 20 10 10 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age group Age group 50 40 United Kingdom 50 40 Sweden Percent 30 20 Percent 30 20 10 10 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age group Age group 50 40 Japan 50 40 France Percent 30 20 Percent 30 20 10 10 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age group Age group 50 40 United States 50 40 Korea Percent 30 20 Percent 30 20 10 10 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 0 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age group Age group

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 149 TABLE 5: DEATHS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY YEAR Year Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 AUSTRALIA 8.7 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.6 6.6 6.8 6.1 5.7 5.7 AUSTRIA 11.9 11.5 10.8 9.4 8.8 8.3 8.2 7.6 6.6 6.2 6.3 BELGIUM 13.1 11.7 11.2 10.4 10.2 10.1 8.9 8.8 7.7 7.8 6.9 CAMBODIA 11.8 12.2 12.7 CANADA 9.3 8.8 8.6 9.0 8.9 8.4 7.3 6.6 6.6 5.8 CZECH REPUBLIC 14.0 14.2 13.5 12.6 10.4 11.9 10.4 8.6 7.6 7.4 7.1 DENMARK 8.6 8.0 6.8 6.1 5.6 7.5 7.4 5.5 4.6 4.0 3.0 FINLAND 8.0 7.3 7.2 7.2 6.4 7.2 6.5 5.2 5.1 5.4 4.7 FRANCE 12.8 10.1 9.2 8.7 7.7 7.5 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.3 5.8 GERMANY 8.3 8.0 7.1 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.1 4.5 4.9 4.4 GREECE 14.9 14.6 15.1 15.0 14.9 14.4 13.8 12.9 11.1 10.1 9.1 HUNGARY 14.0 13.1 12.8 12.7 12.9 12.2 9.9 8.2 7.4 6.4 6.1 ICELAND 10.1 8.0 7.9 6.5 10.3 4.9 3.8 5.3 2.5 3.8 2.8 IRELAND 9.6 8.5 9.3 9.6 8.7 7.8 6.3 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.5 ISRAEL 7.8 6.6 6.8 6.3 5.7 5.3 5.6 4.2 4.6 4.4 ITALY 12.2 11.5 10.6 10.0 9.6 8.7 7.9 7.1 6.8 6.4 6.0 JAPAN 7.6 7.0 6.7 6.3 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3 KOREA 15.2 15.1 13.7 13.2 13.0 12.7 12.1 12.0 11.3 10.5 10.8 LUXEMBOURG 14.0 11.8 11.0 10.2 9.2 9.7 7.4 9.7 6.4 6.4 6.5 NETHERLANDS 6.1 6.3 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.4 NEW ZEALAND 10.3 11.5 10.7 9.8 9.5 10.0 8.6 8.9 8.6 6.4 6.9 NORWAY 6.9 6.2 5.6 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.4 4.4 4.3 3.4 2.9 POLAND 15.2 14.8 15.0 14.3 13.7 14.6 14.3 12.0 10.2 10.9 9.3 PORTUGAL 17.9 16.4 13.7 13.1 10.1 10.2 9.2 8.7 8.8 8.4 6.8 SLOVENIA 13.5 12.1 13.7 12.9 13.1 14.6 10.6 8.4 6.7 6.9 6.3 SPAIN 13.1 13.0 11.2 10.3 9.4 8.6 6.8 5.9 5.4 4.5 4.1 SWEDEN 6.0 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.2 4.3 3.9 2.8 3.4 3.0 SWITZERLAND 7.1 7.5 6.9 5.5 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.3 UNITED KINGDOM 6.0 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.0 4.3 3.8 3.0 3.1 2.8 USA 15.0 14.8 14.6 14.7 14.3 13.7 12.3 11.0 10.7 10.4 10.7 NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

150 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 6: DEATHS PER 10,000 VEHICLES BY YEAR Year Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 AUSTRALIA 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 AUSTRIA 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 BELGIUM 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 CAMBODIA 15.2 12.4 11.0 10.0 9.1 CANADA 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 CZECH REPUBLIC 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 DENMARK 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 FINLAND 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 FRANCE 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 GERMANY 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 GREECE 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 HUNGARY 4.8 1.7 ICELAND 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.3 IRELAND 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 ISRAEL 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 ITALY 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 JAPAN 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 KOREA 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.5 LUXEMBOURG 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.8 NETHERLANDS 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 NEW ZEALAND 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 NORWAY 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 POLAND 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.1 1.7 PORTUGAL 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 SLOVENIA 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 SPAIN 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 SWEDEN 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 SWITZERLAND 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 UNITED KINGDOM 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 USA 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 151 TABLE 7: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS BY ROAD CATEGORY URBAN ROADS OUTSIDE URBAN AREAS UNKNOWN LOCATION Country Year All urban Morways A-level roads Other Total All unknown Total number killed AUSTRALIA 2012 35% 64% 1% 1301 AUSTRIA 2012 28% 10% 33% 29% 72% 0% 531 BELGIUM 2012 27% 10% 57% 15% 767 CAMBODIA 2012 24% 70% 7% 1966 CANADA 2011 28% 17% 51% 21% 2006 CZECH REPUBLIC 2012 36% 3% 32% 30% 64% 0% 742 DENMARK 2012 35% 6% 19% 41% 65% 0% 167 FINLAND 2012 22% 5% 47% 26% 78% 0% 255 FRANCE 2012 28% 7% 8% 57% 72% 0% 3653 GERMANY 2012 30% 11% 23% 37% 71% 0% 3600 GREECE 2011 49% 7% 21% 23% 51% 0% 1141 HUNGARY 2011 37% 7% 63% 0% 638 ICELAND 2012 22% 78% 0% 9 IRELAND 2012 28% 3% 23% 46% 72% 0% 162 ISRAEL 2011 40% 60% 0% 341 ITALY 2012 43% 9% 14% 34% 57% 0% 3653 JAPAN 2011 54% 3% 46% 0% 5507 KOREA 2012 47% 6% 20% 27% 53% 0% 5392 LUXEMBOURG 2012 21% 21% 59% 0% 79% 0% 34 NETHERLANDS 2012 11% 562 NEW ZEALAND 2012 21% 3% 51% 26% 79% 0% 308 NORWAY 2011 14% 81% 5% 168 POLAND 2012 46% 1% 54% 0% 3571 PORTUGAL 2012 55% 8% 7% 29% 45% 0% 718 SLOVENIA 2012 32% 15% 18% 35% 68% 0% 130 SPAIN 2012 24% 4% 76% 0% 1903 SWEDEN 2012 31% 6% 67% 3% 285 SWITZERLAND 2012 37% 19% 30% 14% 63% 0% 339 UNITED KINGDOM 2012 35% 5% 65% 0% 1802 USA 2012 39% 12% 22% 26% 60% 1% 33561 NOTES: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database. For New Zealand, A-level roads are State highways excluding morways.

152 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 4A: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS ON URBAN ROADS Portugal Japan Greece Korea Poland Italy Israel United States Switzerland Hungary Czech Republic United Kingdom Denmark Australia Slovenia Sweden Germany Austria Ireland France Canada Belgium Spain Cambodia Iceland Finland New Zealand Luxembourg Norway 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% FIGURE 4B: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS ON MOTORWAYS Luxembourg Switzerland Canada Slovenia United States Netherlands Germany Belgium Austria Italy Portugal Greece Hungary France Sweden Korea Denmark Finland United Kingdom Spain Ireland Czech Republic Japan New Zealand Poland 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 153

154 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS

156 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS 157 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Safety belt wearing rates for front seat adults (percent wearing) 158 Table 2 Safety belt wearing rates for rear seat adults (percent wearing) 158 Table 3 Child restraints in cars (percent wearing) 159 Table 4 Cycle helmet wearing rates (percent wearing) 159 Table 5 Mean open road speeds (km/h) 160 Table 6 85th percentile open road speeds (km/h) 160 Table 7 Mean urban speeds (km/h) 161 Table 8 85th percentile urban speeds (km/h) 161

158 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: SAFETY BELT WEARING RATES FOR FRONT SEAT ADULTS (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey in 2013. The next survey is scheduled for 2014. In the survey carried out in March and April 2012 about 90,000 adult front seat drivers and passengers were surveyed at 274 sites around the country. REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 100 90 87 95 93 94 Auckland 96 96 96 97 96 95 Waika 95 97 95 97 96 98 Bay of Plenty 94 93 96 97 95 96 Gisborne 88 85 86 89 91 85 Hawke s Bay 94 89 97 97 92 93 Taranaki 95 96 96 98 98 98 Manawatu-Whanganui 96 96 95 95 96 96 Wellingn 95 95 95 95 96 97 Nelson-Marlborough 97 97 98 98 97 98 West Coast 95 96 96 97 98 98 Canterbury 97 96 96 96 97 97 Otago 95 97 97 95 94 95 Southland 95 96 96 96 95 95 New Zealand 95 95 95 96 96 96 No survey TABLE 2: SAFETY BELT WEARING RATES FOR REAR SEAT ADULTS (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey in 2013. The next survey is scheduled for 2014. In the survey carried out in November and December 2011 more than 11,000 adults seated in the rear seats of cars were observed at 139 sites around the country. Each site was surveyed between 2 pm and 4 pm on Sunday afternoons during the school term. Only adults seated in the rear window positions were included in the survey. REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 71 73 94 93 94 Auckland 92 88 76 77 80 Waika 88 83 91 93 95 Bay of Plenty 76 86 87 95 89 Gisborne 92 *see note 79 *see note 75 Hawke s Bay 84 87 94 96 88 Taranaki 93 94 94 98 99 Manawatu-Whanganui 92 92 87 91 89 Wellingn 87 89 84 83 93 Nelson-Marlborough 87 83 85 94 90 West Coast 91 92 93 89 92 Canterbury 91 91 87 92 93 Otago 84 79 90 85 85 Southland 71 78 77 77 75 New Zealand 87 87 87 88 90 No survey No survey

ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS 159 TABLE 3: CHILD RESTRAINTS IN CARS (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey for under 5 year olds in 2013. The next survey is scheduled for 2014. In the survey carried out in Ocber 2012, children aged under 5 years in more than 4,800 cars were observed at 112 sites around the country. The table shows the percentage restrained in appropriate child restraints. In the 2012 survey 52 percent were restrained in child seats, 19 percent in booster seats, 20 percent in infant seats and about half a percent in child harnesses. A further 5 percent were restrained by adult safety belts. The remaining 3 percent were not restrained at all. Children aged under 5 were not surveyed in 2011. REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 95 88 89 88 91 Auckland 90 90 89 96 88 Waika 89 93 89 90 94 Bay of Plenty 86 87 84 91 94 Gisborne 100 94 90 85 81 Hawke s Bay 92 92 94 93 95 Taranaki 96 96 88 95 95 Manawatu-Whanganui 97 95 99 97 99 Wellingn 90 81 97 91 98 Nelson-Marlborough 91 96 96 93 93 West Coast 96 99 99 96 92 Canterbury 90 91 94 93 94 Otago 98 96 93 96 95 Southland 90 95 92 93 91 New Zealand 91 90 91 93 No survey 92 No survey TABLE 4: CYCLE HELMET WEARING RATES (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey for under 5 year olds in 2013. The next survey is scheduled for 2015. In the survey carried out in March and April 2012 more than 4,600 cyclists of primary and intermediate school age, secondary school age and adults were surveyed at 58 sites around the country. Each site was surveyed for two separate hours, typically between 8 am and 9 am, and between 3 pm and 4 pm, on normal school weekdays. REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 77 84 85 *see note 81 77 Auckland 89 85 88 89 88 88 Waika 89 82 85 89 89 86 Bay of Plenty 93 92 90 91 88 88 Gisborne 79 96 96 93 95 82 Hawke s Bay 90 94 92 95 95 89 Taranaki 98 90 84 90 95 93 Manawatu-Whanganui 93 94 94 94 94 97 Wellingn 88 95 86 94 93 92 Nelson-Marlborough 93 93 93 93 94 92 West Coast 94 94 96 94 97 98 Canterbury 96 97 96 98 98 97 Otago 93 93 95 98 92 90 Southland 95 92 91 93 94 94 New Zealand 92 92 92 93 93 92 No survey * NOTE: Sample o small in this area provide regional estimates.

160 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 OPEN ROAD CAR SPEEDS In the survey of open road speeds of cars carried out in July and August 2013, approximately 12,400 cars were surveyed at 68 sites around the country. The speed surveys are designed monir changes in free speeds of vehicles. That is, speeds attained when the vehicle is unimpeded by the presence of other vehicles (ie, there is some distance between a vehicle travelling at a free speed and the vehicle in front of it) or by environmental features such as traffic lights, intersections, hills, corners or road works. By moniring the speeds of unimpeded vehicles these surveys measure driver choice of speed. The regional surveys are designed track changes over time in driver speed choice within regions. They are not designed provide valid comparisons between regions. TABLE 5: MEAN OPEN ROAD SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 95.0 96.3 95.8 96.0 95.5 93.6 94.5 Auckland 96.2 95.3 95.9 93.8 95.5 93.3 94.8 Waika 95.2 94.6 94.6 94.8 93.7 93.0 93.8 Bay of Plenty 97.8 95.8 96.7 98.4 97.0 96.7 96.7 Gisborne 91.5 95.4 96.4 95.4 96.5 94.0 90.7 Hawke s Bay 96.3 99.8 99.3 100.3 99.9 93.8 95.2 Taranaki 94.4 94.3 93.0 92.9 96.3 97.2 93.9 Manawatu-Whanganui 97.7 97.0 97.4 96.9 100.4 97.9 97.4 Wellingn 93.2 94.0 95.6 94.4 94.7 95.2 96.0 Nelson-Marlborough - - - - - - *see note West Coast - - - - - - *see note Canterbury 99.3 98.5 98.9 98.3 100.7 99.3 99.2 Otago 99.8 100.9 99.7 98.8 99.5 99.4 99.4 Southland 99.4 100.1 99.9 99.3 93.4 98.3 98.2 New Zealand 96.3 96.6 96.3 96.2 96.5 95.6 95.7 TABLE 6: 85TH PERCENTILE OPEN ROAD SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 102 104 103 104 103 101 103 Auckland 109 108 110 107 108 106 107 Waika 101 101 100 100 99 99 99 Bay of Plenty 107 105 106 106 106 107 106 Gisborne 101 106 107 106 106 106 100 Hawke s Bay 101 105 104 105 105 99 100 Taranaki 102 102 100 100 104 104 102 Manawatu-Whanganui 103 103 103 103 106 104 104 Wellingn 102 102 104 102 102 103 105 Nelson-Marlborough - - - - - - *see note West Coast - - - - - - *see note Canterbury 104 103 103 102 104 103 103 Otago 105 105 104 103 104 104 105 Southland 105 106 105 105 99 104 103 New Zealand 103 103 103 103 103 102 102 85th percentile speed means 15 percent of the vehicles surveyed were travelling faster than this speed. * NOTE: Too few sites in this area provide regional estimates.

ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS 161 URBAN CAR SPEEDS In the survey of urban speeds of cars carried out in July and August 2012, approximately 15,300 cars were surveyed at 64 sites around the country. The speed surveys are designed monir changes in free speeds of vehicles. That is speeds attained when the vehicle is unimpeded by the presence of other vehicles (ie, there is some distance between a vehicle travelling at a free speed and the vehicle in front of it) or by environmental features such as traffic lights, intersections, hills, corners or road works. By moniring the speeds of unimpeded vehicles these surveys measure driver choice of speed. The regional surveys are designed track changes over time in driver speed choice within regions. They are not designed provide valid comparisons between regions. TABLE 7: MEAN URBAN SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 53.0 52.4 51.8 51.7 51.5 51.8 52.6 Auckland 55.3 55.1 54.8 54.1 54.0 52.7 54.1 Waika 52.2 52.5 51.5 52.3 51.8 51.9 51.5 Bay of Plenty 55.2 55.8 55.0 55.3 55.2 54.5 54.6 Gisborne 48.2 49.5 49.2 49.2 49.5 47.8 46.9 Hawke s Bay 51.7 52.2 52.7 51.4 52.1 52.1 50.6 Taranaki 48.9 48.2 48.7 48.8 49.4 48.5 48.4 Manawatu-Whanganui 50.2 51.6 51.2 50.9 51.6 50.4 50.8 Wellingn 49.4 49.7 49.3 49.1 49.1 49.3 49.0 Nelson-Marlborough 49.0 50.4 48.9 49.0 49.0 49.1 48.8 West Coast - - - - - - *see note Canterbury 52.5 52.1 52.5 52.3 51.4 50.4 51.3 Otago 52.4 51.4 51.4 51.0 50.9 50.9 50.6 Southland 55.1 54.4 54.3 54.0 54.1 53.3 54.1 New Zealand 52.5 52.6 52.3 52.0 52.0 51.3 51.7 TABLE 8: 85TH PERCENTILE URBAN SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Northland 58.0 57.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 57.0 Auckland 60.0 60.0 59.0 59.0 58.0 57.0 59.0 Waika 58.0 58.0 57.0 57.0 57.0 56.0 57.0 Bay of Plenty 61.5 62.5 62.0 62.5 61.5 60.5 60.5 Gisborne 53.5 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.5 53.0 53.0 Hawke s Bay 57.0 57.0 57.0 56.0 56.0 57.0 55.0 Taranaki 54.0 53.0 54.0 54.0 55.0 54.0 54.0 Manawatu-Whanganui 55.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.0 Wellingn 53.0 53.5 53.0 53.0 53.0 53.0 53.0 Nelson-Marlborough 53.5 54.5 53.5 53.0 53.5 53.0 53.5 West Coast - - - - - - *see note Canterbury 59.0 58.0 58.0 59.0 59.0 58.0 59.0 Otago 57.0 56.5 56.5 55.5 55.5 55.5 55.5 Southland 60.5 59.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 57.5 58.5 New Zealand 58.0 58.0 57.0 57.0 57.0 56.0 57.0 85th percentile speed means 15 percent of the vehicles surveyed were travelling faster than this speed. * NOTE: Too few sites in this area provide regional estimates.

162 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

DRIVER LICENCE AND VEHICLE FLEET STATISTICS

164 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 NUMBER OF CAR LICENCES HELD BY AGE AND SEX OF LICENCE HOLDER AS AT 18 JUNE 2013 Age group years Learner Restricted Full Total Males Females Males Females Males Females 15 years 16 years 8730 7587 1186 859 18362 17 years 9815 9586 7260 5697 1719 1433 35510 18 years 8301 8580 7373 6526 6657 5295 42732 19 years 7245 7675 7094 6597 10576 8381 47568 20 24 27071 34108 34477 38674 91720 67182 293232 25 29 14981 23432 21331 30981 120013 92667 303405 30 34 8635 15095 15482 25532 130799 111198 306741 35 39 5029 8865 9579 16936 128770 120342 289521 40 44 3591 6966 5778 11270 157126 151653 336384 45 49 1886 4821 2639 5812 151329 145601 312088 50 54 1308 3747 1559 3470 158328 150603 319015 55 59 858 2357 962 1810 129698 123061 258746 60 64 668 1279 650 1012 116764 109133 229506 65 69 372 556 384 465 93674 87780 183231 70 74 267 265 265 216 69441 65972 136426 75 79 38 40 155 76 43392 41407 85108 80 and over 10 6 42 30 43040 39900 83028 Total 98805 134965 116216 155963 1453046 1321608 3280603 NUMBER OF MOTORCYCLE LICENCES HELD BY AGE AND SEX OF LICENCE HOLDER AS AT 18 JUNE 2013 Age group years Learner Restricted Full Total Males Females Males Females Males Females 15 years 16 years 200 17 13 230 17 years 282 47 64 5 8 406 18 years 385 47 103 2 37 3 577 19 years 590 77 128 14 99 908 20 24 5555 698 1609 157 1573 136 9728 25 29 7006 1080 1900 199 3465 375 14025 30 34 8240 1499 1878 317 5610 786 18330 35 39 10040 2245 2196 374 10314 1494 26663 40 44 9091 2910 2160 643 25290 5543 45637 45 49 3582 1571 1034 370 40533 11212 58302 50 54 2379 1009 665 287 54804 14779 73923 55 59 1165 508 355 157 49998 14496 66679 60 64 730 270 187 75 42860 10478 54600 65 69 319 97 78 27 38366 8053 46940 70 74 150 36 26 13 28812 5544 34581 75 79 41 6 14 4 17934 2866 20865 80 and over 11 2 3 1 12743 1568 14328 Total 49766 12119 12413 2645 332446 77333 486722 NOTE: The tables include all drivers eligible be on the road as at the stated date. Disqualified and expired licences are excluded. SOURCE: National Register of Driver Licences (maintained by NZ Transport Agency). Data collated by data analysis team, analytical services - NZ Transport Agency.

DRIVER LICENCE AND VEHICLE FLEET STATISTICS 165 VEHICLE FLEET AS AT 30 JUNE 2013 VEHICLE DESCRIPTION TOTAL FLEET EXCLUDING EXEMPT AND RESTORATION LICENCES Moped 31041 22767 Trailer/Caravan 635924 605079 Tracr 39898 37838 Agricultural Machine 1740 1595 Trailer not Designed for H/Way Use 1173 1071 Mobile Machine 16040 15058 Passenger Car/Van 2864774 2683238 Goods Van/Truck/Utility 536921 488000 Bus 23969 21720 Mor Caravan 34806 25097 Morcycle 120777 63890 ATV 5538 5152 Special Purpose Vehicle 2883 2474 High Speed Agricultural Vehicle 55 44 Total 4315539 3973023 Vehicles used for crash rate calculation (Table 1, Page 14) 3304712 SOURCE: Mor Vehicle Register, NZ Transport Agency. NOTES: The tal fleet is the number of vehicles recorded in the Mor Vehicle Register, excluding vehicles with cancelled/lapsed registration. The shaded cells in the table above indicate the vehicle categories included for the purpose of calculating crash rates (see Table 1, page 17). These include morised vehicles designed primarily for on road use and exclude vehicles with an exempt or resration licence.

166 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS

168 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy serious injury outcome indicars 170 FIGURES Figure 1 Mor vehicle traffic crash fatal injury age standardised rate (M12) 170 Figure 2 Mor vehicle traffic crash serious non-fatal injury age standardised rate (M02) 171 Figure 3 Mor vehicle traffic crash serious (fatal and non-fatal) injury age standardised rate (M22) 171

NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS 169 NOTES 1. The New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy (NZIPS) The NZIPS is an expression of the government s commitment working with organisations and groups in the wider community improve the country s injury prevention performance. The Strategy s vision is a safe New Zealand, becoming injury free. (For further details see www.nzips.govt.nz.) Mor vehicle traffic crashes is one of the six priority areas identified in the strategy. 2. NZIPS serious injury indicars Official serious injury outcome indicars have been developed for each of the six priority areas as the main means of measuring performance in reducing injury. Chart books with the full set of indicars can be found by visiting the Statistics NZ website: www.statistics.govt.nz and searching for NZIPS serious injury indicars Several of the official NZIPS indicars for mor vehicle traffic crashes are presented in this section. 3. What is a serious injury? The definition of serious injury adopted for the official NZIPS indicars is: serious injuries are those that result in death or an admission hospital that is associated with at least a 5.9 percent chance of death. The methods by which cases of fatal and serious non-fatal injury are identified are described briefly in The New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy Injury Indicars: Technical Report. The technical report can be found on the Statistics NZ website. Baseline The baseline provides a point from which compare the frequencies and rates of injuries. It is the average count or rate of injury for the three years leading up the launch of NZIPS (2001-2003). Confidence intervals Each bar on each chart has confidence intervals shown as vertical lines. These give an indication of the amount of random variation associated with a single year s indicar value. Where wide confidence intervals are displayed, little weight should be given the variation from one year the next it could be due chance alone. When considering trends, observing the degree of overlap of confidence intervals for individual bars (years) is helpful as an aid interpretation of trends. If confidence intervals do not overlap the baseline, this is indicative of a change from baseline that is unlikely be due chance alone. 5. Age standardised rates Age standardised rates provide an estimate of an individual s average annual risk of being injured. Age standardisation is a process of adjusting the rates of injury account for changes in the age structure of a population over time. It allows comparison of the rates of injury from one year another, taking in account the ageing population. 4. The graphs Time period Where possible, the period presented for serious non-fatal injuries is 2000 2012. For fatal injuries, the period presented is 2000 2010. Because many cases of injury-related death are required be reviewed by a Coroner, there is a time delay in the recording of the cause of fatal injury. Hence, 2010 is the most recent year available for the mortality data.

170 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS NUMBER OF SERIOUS INJURIES AGE STANDARDISED RATE (PER 100,000 PERSON YEARS AT RISK) Year Fatal injury Serious non-fatal injury Fatal and serious injury Fatal injury Serious non-fatal injury Fatal and serious injury M11 M01 M21 M12 M02 M22 2000 441 1689 2130 11.5 44.0 55.5 2001 440 1618 2058 11.4 41.9 53.3 2002 422 1472 1894 10.7 37.4 48.1 2003 465 1624 2089 11.5 40.3 51.9 2004 437 1480 1917 10.7 36.1 46.8 2005 405 1647 2052 9.7 39.7 49.5 2006 391 1648 2039 9.3 39.2 48.4 2007 427 1661 2088 10.0 39.0 49.0 2008 365 1585 1950 8.4 36.8 45.3 2009 394 1530 1924 9.0 35.0 44.1 2010 383 1508 1891 8.5 33.9 42.4 2011 1461 32.5 2012 1418 31.1 Fatal injury Non-fatal injury Population Ministry of Health Mortality Collection Ministry of Health National Minimum Data Set Statistics New Zealand FIGURE 1: MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH FATAL INJURY AGE STANDARDISED RATE (M12) Rate (per 100,000 person years at risk) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year Baseline NOTE: NUMERATOR SOURCE: Ministry of Health Mortality Collection DENOMINATOR SOURCE: Statistics New Zealand

NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS 171 FIGURE 2: MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH SERIOUS NON-FATAL INJURY AGE STANDARDISED RATE (M02) Rate (per 100,000 person years at risk) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year Baseline NOTE: 2012 data are provisional NUMERATOR SOURCE: Ministry of Health National Minimum Data Set DENOMINATOR SOURCE: Statistics New Zealand FIGURE 3: MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH SERIOUS (FATAL AND NON-FATAL) INJURY AGE STANDARDISED RATE (M22) Rate (per 100,000 person years at risk) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Baseline Year NOTE: NUMERATOR SOURCE: Ministry of Health National Minimum Data Set and Mortality Collection DENOMINATOR SOURCE: Statistics New Zealand

172 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

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