Central Asia South Asia Connectivity Impact of Afghanistan Power Master Plan on regional interconnection Bangkok Nov 2013 IEA Training Jim Liston Principal Energy Specialist jliston@adb.org
Central Asian Republics (CARs) South West Asia Georgia (GEO) Armenia (ARM) Azerbaijan (AZE) Uzbekistan (UZB) Turkmenistan (TKM) Kazakhstan (KAZ) Kazakhstan (KAZ) Tajikistan (TAJ) Kyrgyz Republic (KGZ) Afghanistan (AFG) Pakistan (PAK)
CARs possess significant energy resources Legend Total Fossil Fuel MTOE Coal MTOE Crude Oil MTOE Gas MTOE Hydro Potential TWh/year 5,400 2,700 27 16,000 Kazakhstan 24,100 2,678 0 68 2,610 2 4,607 2,851 82 1,674 15 Turkmenistan Uzbekistan The Kyrgyz Republic Tajikistan 514 507 2 5 590 580 5 5 163 317
whereas Afghanistan and Pakistan face severe electricity shortages and rapidly increasing demand Country Afghanistan Populati on Million GNI per capita Current US$ Per Capita Electricity Consumption (kwh/year) Installe d Access Rate Capacit y (GW) Peak shortage (MW) 29 310 31 0.5 13% -- Pakistan 166 1000 413 19.8 84% 5,022 Power network in Kabul, Afghanistan Kabulkarzaiblogspot photo Electricity riots in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Existing AFG power system, situation 2011/2012 9 islands fed from different systems Electrification rate 30 % Peak load 850MW Annual consumption 3800GWh 70% of the energy covered by imports System characterized by a shortage of power supply and increasing demand and requirement for grid connection 5
Proposed AFG System 2032 Integrated transmission network of Afghanistan Share of domestic production increases to 67 % About 83 % of the population will have access to power Peak load of about 3500 MW Annual energy consumption of 18400 GWh Power exchange options with neighboring systems 6
Development of Afghan Transmission system Main source for electrical power, after own generation, will continue for medium term to be imports from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Iran Problem to be solved: How to interconnect Afghan unified grid with Turkmenistan (operates with Iran), Uzbekistan (operates with CAPS), Tajikistan (Island Operation) Options: Synchronous or Asynchronous Interconnection Synchronous interconnection Requires Turkmenistan and Tajikistan will reconnect to CAPS Asynchronous interconnection By HVDC back-to-back schemes Combination Synchronize with one and HVDC back to back with rest. But: Which one? Complex and lengthy process 7
Proposed Asynchronous Operation Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan interconnections will be connected to a common HVDC hub at Pul-e-Khumri (PUK). PUK Hub to be built in stages with separate convertors for interconnection with TKM, UZB, TAJ Benefits of HVDC back to back Modular technology- built in stages to meet needs Facilitates integration of remote diverse resources Controllable -power injected where needed No stability distance limitation Lower losses than HVAC transmission Facilitates power wheeling to Pakistan 8
300MW 300MW 500MW 500MW Atamyrat TKM 500kV 220kV Transmission Development 2032 UZB 220kV TAJ 220kV Mazar-e-Sharif 500 kv line operated on 500kV 220kV Naibabad 220kV Kunduz 220kV TKM 110kV 220kV Andkhoy 110kV Gas 400MW Sheberghan 500kV Maimana 220kV Substation and HUB Pul-e-Chomri Abdulkhar Coal 1 (400) 200MW Coal 2 (800) 400MW 500kV Noor Jahad Kajaki Add. Kabul South 100MW 220kV Switch open Olambagh 90MW Kandahar 220kV 9 Chimtala 220kV Afghan Generation 500 kv line financing open Jalalabad 500kV Kunar B 300MW Kunar A 789MW Pakistan isolated network area alternatively back to back
10 The proposed CASA-1000 transmission facilities would: maximize the use of 1,300 MW renewable summer electricity surplus from existing plants in Central Asia (Kyrgyz Republic & Tajikistan) and provide electricity to consumers in electricity deficient South Asia (Afghanistan & Pakistan)
Projects have different purposes CASA links KGZ and TAJ to PAK. TUTAP addresses AFG power needs with regional trade as a benefit. 11
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