Power Networks Professor Graeme Burt Institute for Energy & Environment, University of Strathclyde g.burt@eee.strath.ac.uk
Power Networks Why are networks important What are the challenges & opportunities for networks technologies Synergies & opportunities Capacity & facilities
WHY ARE NETWORKS IMPORTANT
The carbon reduction challenge Slide courtesy of National Grid
Power system transformation Present Emerging futures Conventional Generation Energy Security Costs Conventional Generation Transmission HV Distribution MV Distribution LV Distribution Largely unresponsive Demand Climate change Aging assets Technology Markets Large Wind 100 MW DG 50 MW DG 10 MW DG <1 MW Transmission HV Distribution MV Distribution LV Distribution Flexible Industrial Loads Flexible Commercia l Loads HP μgen Smart App. Elec. Cars Source: System Level Concept Definition Supergen III: Highly Distributed Power Systems, Report Ref No: EPSRC/HDPS/TR/2008-001November 2008, CARBON Market Oil and Gas Market Transport Sector
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR NETWORKS TECHNOLOGIES
Active Network Management (ANM) and Smart Grids Paradigm shift from fit & forget Accepted characteristics: Distributed generation Renewables Monitoring, communications and control Preventive and corrective actions Flexible & adaptable Embedded intelligence Autonomy Source: www.nature.com Acknowledgement: Alinata, Victoria, Australia
Active network management solutions Orkney: zonal approach to automated power flow management WESTRAY SANDAY EDAY Each zone has a thermal limitation on generation output at any given time BURGAR HILL SHAPINSAY STRONSAY Whole system has a further thermal limit on generation output STROMNESS HOY FLOTTA KIRKWALL Real time control of wind and marine generating units based on measurements and control logic SOUTH RONALDSAY Technology being taken forward by university spin-out company
Local network challenges Significant impact of distributed generation (CHP and DG) on low voltage electricity distribution systems Monitoring, control, communications technologies are key enablers Electricity consumption (kw) Domestic demand showing impact of 10% penetration of EVs 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Charging Domestic Time
Benefits and budget integration of DER are very significant 55% Asset Utilisation Integrated DER (Smart Grid) Smart Grid= paradigm shift in providing flexibility: from redundancy in assets to more intelligent operation through incorporation of demand side and advanced network technologies in support of real time grid management 35% 25% BaU Year 2010 2020 2030+ Utilisation: BaU Utilisation: Smart 55% 35% <25% 55% 40% >50% Benefit <0 ~ 2.5b ~ 45b 2010 2020 2030
Demand Side Participation Influence of time of use of electrical energy through innovative tariffs Benefits for management of wind variability deferment of network reinforcement Enabled by Home Area Networks (HAN) and automated control
National/Zonal Demand Smart Plug Task Criticality Schedule Time Usage Statistics INDO Requests Advances Request Advances Best Tariff/ time to use Web Servic e Meter Visualisation and intelligent interpretation of energy usage
Wind powered transport Plug-in hybrid or all electric vehicles Privately owned cars are utilised only 5.2% of time of transportation, thus they are available up to 94.8% of time as responsive load or provide secondary function, V2G or G2V Simultaneous charging could exceed power network capacity Probability 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 Probability of cars in use weekdays VS weekends Cars in use weekdays Cars in use weekends 0 04:00 04:50 05:40 06:30 07:20 08:10 09:00 09:50 10:40 11:30 12:20 13:10 14:00 14:50 15:40 16:30 17:20 18:10 19:00 19:50 20:40 21:30 22:20 23:10 00:00 00:50 01:40 02:30 03:20 Time (24hrs)
Impact of sudden changes in generation - April 2011 (1GW) 49.67Hz 4mins Disconnections @ 08:41
Hardware research and testing: validation and verification of innovative controls RTDS LAN Interface HMI Protection IEDs D&A Interface Substation Gateway
GB Transmission Network mature highly interconnected system comprising urban rings of 275 kv overlaid with the 400 kv Supergrid need to construct new HVDC circuits and upgrade the AC network with FACTS devices challenges: carbon reduction incorporating large scale renewable energy improving demand side management capability
Power electronics for offshore Renewable generation interfaces HVDC networks & technologies Power Electronics for networks Electrical Machine Drives Integration of Energy storage Oceans of Opportunity, published Sept 2009, EWEA Friends of the supergrid
HVDC Transmission Principle option for offshore wind power transmission Technologies Current source converter (CSC) based Voltage source converter (VSC) based produce Q -- AC voltage support Oceans of Opportunity, published Sept 2009, EWEA Multi-terminal VSCs
Asset Management Capabilities Sensor design Data acquisition Partial discharge and RF measurement Intelligent data analysis Automated diagnostics Distributed intelligence architectures Asset management methods
SYNERGIES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Marine Power Systems Increasing popularity of all-electric designs Fuel efficiency and emissions reduction Flexibility and reliability High capacity, low impedance Novel architectures/loads ttp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/tanker-lng-image101.jpg http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/queen_mary/images/image_1.jpg http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/horizon/images/type45_2.jpg
The Energy RD&D Landscape Research Applied research and development Demonstration Pre-commercial deployment Energy Generation Knowledge Transfer Network disseminating information and providing funding advice. Regional National European Research Councils Technology Strategy Board Energy Technologies Institute Framework Programme Devolved Administrations RDA Schemes Carbon Trust Environmental Transformation Fund
SP1 Network Operation SP2 Energy Management SP3 I&C System Interoperability SP4 Electrical Storage Technology SP5 Transmission Network
CAPACITY & FACILITIES
Network Excellence for Smarter Grids Testing infrastructure for Smart Grids Facilities Extensive desktop simulation tools Real time simulation + RT- PHIL Network monitoring and WAMS data sets Control room simulator Industrial control & monitoring platforms 26
Network Excellence for Smarter Grids Testing infrastructure for Smart Grids Research & Services Protection device & scheme testing Network and DER control algorithm evaluation Communications emulation and simulation for smart grid controls Inverter testing under fault conditions 27
European Distributed Energy resources Laboratories e.v. Network of Excellence for Smarter Grids Network Excellence for Smarter Grids 28
Facility power & ICT Accelerator Knowledge & skills Power Network Demonstration Centre UK showcase Partnership Research www.strath.ac.uk/pndc Development Core Research Programme Themes: Network Management Asset Diagnostics & Prognostics Protection Systems & Platforms DER/DSM/V2G Technology Sensors & Measurement Distribution Control & Automation Communications Network Devices Demonstration Test bed Deployment