ijh{kk gk;j lsd.mjh ¼Higher Secondary Examination½ fo"k; & Hkwxksy ¼Subject -Geography½ vkn'kz iz'u i=&lsv **lh**

le; & 3?k.Vs ijh{kk gk;j lsd.mjh ¼Higher Secondary Examination½ fo"k; & Hkwxksy ¼Subject -Geography½ vkn'kz iz'u i=&lsv **lh** iw.kkzad & 75 vad Time - 3 Hours Max. Marks - 75 funsz'k & ¼1½ lhkh iz'u vfuok;z gsaa ¼2½ iz'u&i= esa fn, x, funsz'k lko/kkuhiwozd i<+dj iz'uksa ds mrrj fyf[k,a ¼3½ iz'u Ø- 1 ls 4 rd olrqfu"b iz'u gsa] ftuds varxzr fjdr LFkku dh iwfrz],d,d okd; esa mrrj nsuk] lgh tksm+h cukuk rfkk lgh fodyi dk p;u djuk gsa izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 5 vad vkoafvr gsaa ¼4½ iz'u Ø- 5 ls 10 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 4 vad vkoafvr gsaa ¼5½ iz'u Øekad 11 ls 15 rd izr;sd iz'u ds fy, 5 vad vkoafvr gsaa ¼6½ iz'u Øekad 16 esa 6 vad vkoafvr gsaa ¼7½ iz'u Øekad 5 ls 16 rd izr;sd iz'u esa vkarfjd fodyi fn;s x;s gsaa ¼8½ iz'u Øekad 13 dks fo'o ds ekufp= esa vafdr dhft, rfkk ekufp= dks viuh mrrj&iqflrdk esa layxu dhft,a Instruction - (1) All questions are compulsory. (2) Read the instruction of question paper carefully and answer the questions. (3) Question No. 1 to 4 are objective types which contain fill in the blanks, Answer in one sentence, Match the pairs and choose the correct answer Each question is allotted 5 marks (4) Question No. 5 to 10 carry 4 marks each. (5) Question No. 11 to 15 carry 5 marks each. (6) Question No. 16 Carries 6 marks (7) Internal options are given in question No. 5 to 16 (8) Show question No. 13 in the outline map of world and attach the map in your answer book. 1

izkn'kz iz'u&i= ¼Hkwxksy½ 1- fueufyf[kr fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz dhft,a 5 vad ¼v½ -------------------------------- dks Hkkjr dk ekupslvj dgk tkrk gsa ¼c½ ekuo dks i`foh dh mit --------------------------------- us crk;k gsa ¼l½ ØsMfjd jsvtsy ------------------------------------ns'k ds HkwxksosRrk FksA ¼n½ Hkkjr dk Tokjh; canjxkg ---------------------------- gsa ¼b½ vk/kqfud lh;rk dk vk/kkj --------------------------- m ksx gsa Fill in the blanks of the following (a) (b) (c) (d) is stated as Manchster of India Stated human as a born of Earth. Fedrik Retzel was famous Geographist of Country is tide port of India (e) Industry is the root of modern civilization. 2- fueufyf[kr esa ls izr;sd dk,d okd; esa mrrj fyf[k, 5 vad ¼v½ Hkkjr dk jk"vªh; i{kh dksu lk gs \ ¼c½ vhkzd mriknu esa Hkkjr dk fo'o esa dksu lk LFkku gs \ ¼l½ ekuo Hkwxksy dk ;FkkFkZ fohkktu fdlus fd;k \ ¼n½ lozizfke lqij dei;wvjj cukus okyk dksu lk ns'k gs \ ¼b½ futh {ks= ds m ksxksa ij fdl dk LokfeRo gksrk gs \ Answer the following in one sentence each (i) Which is the National bird of India? (ii) What is the position of India in world in area of Mica Production? (iii) Who as done the real classification of Human Geography? (iv) Which country prepared super computer for first time? (v) Who possesses the private sector of Industries? 2

3- lgh tksm+h cukb;sa 5 vad ^v* ^c* 1- yksg&likr m ksx 1- dkuiqj 2- lwrh ol= m ksx 2- caxyksj 3- isvªks jlk;u m ksx 3- te'ksniqj 4- phuh m ksx 4- r{kf'kyk vksj uk yank 5- Kku vk/kkfjr m ksx 5- lwjr Match the columns : "A" "B" 1. Iron-Steel Industry 1. Kanpur 2. Cotton Textile Industry 2. Bagalore 3. Petro-chemical industry 3. Jamshedpur 4. Sugar Industry 4. Takshila and Nalanda 5. Knowledge based industry 5. Surat 4- lgh fodyi dk p;u dh dhft;sa 5 vad ¼v½ ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ lgh fodyi p;u dhft, %& ckxkuh Qly gs & ¼v½ /kku ¼pkoy½ ¼c½ xsgwa ¼l½ twv ¼n½ pk; Hkkjr dh lcls yech xsl ikbi ykbu gs & ¼v½ cjksuh ls fnyyh ¼c½ gthjk ls txnh'kiqj ¼l½ vgenkckn ls efkqjk ¼n½ vkuan ls vgenkckn Hkkjr esa lcls vf/kd lk{kjrk nj fdl jkt; esa gs & ¼v½ if'pe caxky ¼c½ mrrj izns'k ¼l½ dsjy ¼n½ e/;izns'k 3

¼4½ ¼5½ [kfut vk/kkfjr m ksx gs %& ¼v½ yksg&likr ¼c½ twv m ksx ¼l½ 'kddj m ksx ¼n½ dkxt m ksx fiv~lcxz vks ksfxd {ks= fdl m ksx ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls izfl) gs& ¼v½ yksg&likr m ksx ¼c½ eksvj m ksx ¼l½ ol= m ksx ¼n½ jlk;u m ksx Select the correct answer - (1) Plantation crop is- (a) Pedy (Rice) (b) Wheat (c) Jute (d) Tea (2) Longest gas pipe line of India is - (a) Barauni to Delhi (b) Hajira to Jagdeshpur (c) Ahamdabad to Mathura (d) Anand to Ahmadabad (3) In which state of India Litracy rate is maximum- (a) West Bengal (b) Uttar Pradesh (c) Kerla (d) Madhya Pradesh (4) Minral based industry is - (a) Iron steel industry (b) Jute Industry (c) Sugar Industry (d) Paper Industry (5) For which industry pitsburg industrial ara is specially famous- (a) Iron steel Industry (b) Motor Industry (c) Textile Industry (d) Chemical Industry 5- vk/kqfud uxjksa dh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,a 4 vad Write any four characteristics of Modern Cities vfkok (OR) xzkeh.k vf/koklksa ds izdkj fyf[k,a Write the types of rural settlements. 4

6- ok;q ifjogu dh dksbz pkj mi;ksfxrk,a fyf[k,a 4 vad Write any four uses of air transport. vfkok (OR) varjkz"vªh; O;kikj ds dksbz pkj izeq[k ykhk fyf[k,a Write four main advantages of international trade. 7- Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) dks lhfer j[kus ds fy, dksbz pkj mik; fyf[k,\ 4 vad Write any four suggestions to control the population growth of India? vfkok (OR) Hkkjrh; tula[;k dh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k, \ Write any four characteristics of Indian Population? 8- izfrj{kk uxj,oa /kkfezd uxj ls D;k vk'k; gs \ buesa mnkgj.k lfgr varj fyf[k,a 4 vad What do you mean by defence town and religious town? Write the differences with example? vfkok (OR) uxj gh fofhkuu O;olkf;d xfr fof/k;ksa ds dsunz gksrs gsa] Li"V dhft,a Cities are the centre of different commercial activities, explain. 9- vkurfjd ty ifjogu,oa rvorhz ty ifjogu esa pkj varj fyf[k,a 4 vad Write four differences between inland water transport and coastal water transport vfkok (OR) Hkkjr esa lm+dksa dh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,a Write any four problems of Roads in India. 10- Hkwfe dh xq.korrk?kvus ds dksbz pkj dkj.k fyf[k, \ 4 vad Write any four reasons of Land digradation? vfkok Hkkjr esa xjhch nwj djus ds dksbz pkj mik; fyf[k,a Write any four solution of poverty in India 5

vfkok (OR) 11- vestu unh csflu {ks= eysf'k;k ls finm+ x;k gs] D;ksa \ 4 vad Why has Amazon rive basin left out in the development in comparison with Malasia? vfkok (OR) tula[;k dh rhoz o`f) ds QyLo:i fodkl ij im+us okys dksbz ikap izhkko fyf[k,\ Write any five influences of rapid growth of population on the development. 12- dqvhj m ksx vksj o`gr~&m ksx esa dksbz ikap varj fyf[k,a 5 vad Write any five differences between Cottage industry orr large scale industry. vfkok (OR) thfodksiktzu d`f"k D;k gs \ bldh dksbz pkj fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,a What is subsistance agriculture? Write any four characteristics of it. 13- fo'o ds ekufp= esa fueufyf[kr dks n'kkzb, %& 5 vad ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½ ¼5½ dsi dkfgjk jsyekxz iukek ugj esfdldks dh [kkm+h dksydkrk cunjxkg ifkz uxj Show the following in the map of world (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Cape-Cahira Rail Route Panama Canal Bay of Maxico Kolkata Port Parth Town 6

vfkok (OR) fo'o ds ekufp= esa fueufyf[kr dks n'kkzb,a ¼1½ uhy unh ¼2½ fgun egklkxj ¼3½ flaxkiqj ¼4½ U;w;kdZ ls yanu ekxz ¼5½ vklvªsfy;k Vªkal dkwfuvus.vy jsy ekxz Show the following in the map of world (i) Neel River (ii) Indian Ocean (iii) Singapore (iv) Newyork to London Sea route (v) Australia trans-continental Railway route 14- pk; dh mit ds fy, vko';d HkkSxksfyd n'kk,a fyf[k,a 5 vad Write the required geographical conditions for Tea cultivation. vfkok (OR) m ksxksa dh LFkkiuk ij izhkko Mkyus okys ikap izeq[k dkjdksa dks mnkgj.k lfgr fyf[k,a Write five factors effecting the establshment of industries with examples. 15- nwfj;ksa dks de djus esa lapkj ds lk/ku fdl izdkj ;ksxnku djrs gsa] Li"V dhft,a 6 vad How the means of communications reduces the distances, explain. vfkok (OR) Hkkjr esa ty ifjogu dk egro fyf[k,a Write the importance of water transport in India. 16- lnkcgkj ou vksj ir>m+ ou ¼ekulwuh½ ouksa esa dksbz N% varj fyf[k,a 6 vad Write any six differences between evergreen forest and monsoon forest. i'kq lalk/kuksa dk egro fyf[k,a Write the importance of animal resources. vfkok (OR) 7

ijh{kk gk;j lsd.mjh ¼Higher Secondary Examination½ fo"k; & Hkwxksy ¼Subject -Geography½ vkn'kz mrrj& lsv **lh** 1- vkn'kz mrrj %& 5 vad fjdr LFkkuksa dh iwfrz ¼v½ ¼c½ ¼l½ ¼n½ ¼M½ vgenkckj dqekjh bz-lh- lseiqy tezuh dksydrrk yksg&likr ¼izR;sd lgh ij 1 vad rfkk 5 lgh ij iw.kz 5vad izkir gksaxs½ 2- vkn'kz mrrj %& 5 vad,d okd; esa mrrj %& ¼v½ Hkkjr dk jk"vªh; i{kh eksj gsa ¼c½ vhkzd mriknu esa Hkkjr dk fo'o esa izfke LFkku gsa ¼l½ ekuo Hkwxksy dk ;FkkFkZ fohkktu thuczw'k us fd;ka ¼n½ lozizfke lqij dei;wvj cukus okyk ns'k la;qdr jkt; vesfjdk gsa ¼M½ futh {ks= ds m ksxksa ij O;fDr fo'ks"k dk vf/kdkj gksrk gsa ¼izR;sd lgh ij 1 vad rfkk 5 lgh ij iw.kz 5vad izkir gksaxs½ 3- lgh tksm+h cukb;sa 5 vad ^v* ^c* 1- yksg&likr m ksx 1- te'ksniqj 2- lwrh ol= m ksx 2- lwjr 8

3- isvªks jlk;u m ksx 3- caxyksj 4- phuh m ksx 4- dkuiqj 5- Kku vk/kkfjr m ksx 5- r{kf'kyk vksj ukyank ¼izR;sd lgh ij 1 vad rfkk 5 lgh ij iw.kz 5vad izkir gksaxs½ 4- lgh fodyi dk p;u %& 5 vad ¼i½ ¼n½ pk; ¼ii½ ¼c½ gthjk ls txnh'kiqj ¼iii½ ¼l½ dsjy ¼iv½ ¼v½ yksg&likr m ksx ¼v½ ¼v½ yksg Likr m ksx ¼izR;sd lgh ij 1 vad rfkk 5 lgh ij iw.kz 5vad izkir gksaxs½ 5- vk/kqfud uxjksa dh fo'ks"krk, %& 4 vad ¼v½ ¼c½ ¼l½ ¼n½ vk/kqfud uxj folr`r {ks=ksa esa flfkr gksrs gsa buesa cm+h cm+h lm+ds cktkj o pksm+h xfy;ka pksm+h gksrh gsa ;s uxj T;kferh; vkdkjks ds lkfk dvs gq, IykVksa esa cls gksrs gsa buesa vk/kqfud ifjogu] fctyh ikuh dh iwjh iwjh lqfo/kk gksrh gsa Je fohkktu,oa fof'k"vhdj.k viuh pje lhek ij gksrs gsa buesa [kk kuksa dh lqfo/kk gksrh gsa 'khr HkaMkjks esa [kk inkfkz rfkk nokba;k vkfn lqjf{kr j[kh tkrh gsa ¼b½ bu uxjksa esa dyk dks'ky] lkfgr;] fokku] f'k{kk LokLFk; j{kk] chek csafdax] iqlrdky;] vtk;c?kj] beiksfj;e] O;kikj dsunz] flusek?kj] ffk;svj [ksy ds esnku] m ku vkfn lqfo/kk,a ik;h tkrh gsa ¼mijksDr esa ls dksbz 4 lgh fcunq fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ij 4 vad izkir gksaxsa ½ ¼vFkok ½ vkn'kz mrrj %& 9

xzkeh.k vf/kokl fueufyf[kr pkj izdkj ds gksrs gsa %& ¼v½ ¼c½ ¼l½ ¼n½ l?ku clrh%& bl clrh esa edku ikl ikl,d nwljs ls tqm+s gq, rfkk xfy;ka ldjh gksrh gsa xkwo ds dsunz esa tu la[;k dk ladsunz.k gksrk gsa edku fcuk fdlh ;kstuk ds cus gksrs gsa buesa tula[;k izk;% vf/kd gksrh gsa xaxk] czegiq= ds mitkm esnkuksa esa l?ku cflr;ka feyrh gsa la;qdr clrh %& bl clrh esa,d eq[; xkwo o xkaoks ds ckgj mlds iqjos cls gksrs gsa xkao ds ckgj vf/kd Vksys cls gksus dk eq[; dkj.k clrh dk T;knk cm+k vkdkj] l?ku clko,oa LFkku dk vhkko gksuk gksrk gsa xaxk ;equk ds esnkuks esa ;s cflr;ka feyrh gsa vij[kaf.mr clrh %& bl clrh esa edku,d nwljs ls nwj o i`fkd i`fkd cus gksrs gsa fdurq lhkh?kj feykdj clrh dk fuekz.k djrs gsa vi [kaf.mr clrh ds fuekz.k esa tkfr rfkk /kez dk fo'ks"k egro gksrk gsa xaxk?kk?kjk nksvko] mijhxaxk] ds ck<+ xzlr {ks= esa,slh cflr;ka feyrh gsa izdh.kz ;k fo[kjh gqbz cflr;ka %& bl izdkj dh clrh esa?kj nwj nwj cus gksrs gsa vksj muds e/; esa d`f"k {ks= gksrk gsa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj lvhd fooj.k nsus ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa izr;sd fcunq ds fy, 1 vad izkir gksxk½ 6- vkn'kz mrrj %& ok;q ifjogu dk egro %& ¼v½ ¼c½ ¼l½ ¼n½ ok;q;ku ifjogu dk lcls xfr'khy lk/ku gsa ok;q;ku ds }kjk fo'o ds nwjlfk LFkkuks esa Hkh 65?kaVs ls vf/kd ugh yxrs gsa ;g gydh] dherh rfkk 'kh?kz [kjkc gksus okyh olrqvksa ds ifjogu dk eq[; lk/ku gsa orzeku le; esa mriuu gksus okyh vkink,a tsls ck<+] vdky],oa ;q) vkfn ds le; jkgr dk;z igq pkus esa ok;q ifjogu ls lqfo/kk gksrh gsa ;q) esa ok;q ifjogu dks fdlh Hkh ns'k dh lcls cm+h 'kfdr ekuk tkrk gsa 10

¼M½ ¼.k½ ok;q;ku ls iozrh;] e:"kfkyh; o egklkxj {ks=ksa esa ;k=k lqxerk ls dh tk ldrh gsa d`f"k esa dhvuk'kdksa ds fnm+dko esa ok;q;ku ds }kjk lgk;rk feyrh gsa ¼mijksDr fcunq ds vfrfjdr vu; dksbz 4 lgh fcunq fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ varjkz"vªh; O;kikj ds ykhk %& ¼vFkok½ ¼v½ blds }kjk mihkksdrkvks dsk mrre,oa llrh olrq, izkir gksrh gsa ¼c½ vk;kr }kjk m ksx esa yxus okys dpps eky dh iwfrz lehko gksrh gsa ¼l½ varjkz"vªh; O;kikj ls fofhkuu jk"vªks ds chp laca/k lq/kjrs gs] lg;ksx] lnzhkkouk rfkk fe=rk ea o`f) gksrh gsa ¼n½ lw[kk o vdky dk lkeuk vk;kr }kjk djus esa lqyrk feyrh gsa ¼M½ izfrli/kkz dh Hkkouk ls mrre dksvh dk rfkk fofhkuu izdkj dk u;s u;s :i esa mriknu lqyhk gksrk gsa ¼<+½ dksbz Hkh ns'k fdlh olrq dk vk;kr rhkh djrk gs tc mldk ;gka mriknu vf/kd eagxk im+rk gsa vr% vk;kr ls llrk eky fey tkrk gsa ¼mijksDr esa ls dksbz 4 lgh ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksxsaa½ 7- vkn'kz mrrj%& Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) dks lhfer j[kus ds lq>ko %& ¼v½ f'k{kk dk izpkj&izk;% vkdm+s ls izkir tkudkjh esa ;g ns[kk x;k gs fd f'kf{kr ifjokjksa es vf'kf{kr ifjokjks dh rqyuk esa de cpps gksrs gsa vr% f'k{kk ds izpkj izlkj djds tula[;k o`f) ij fu;a=.k fd;k tk ldrk gsa ¼c½ fookg dh vk;q esa o`f) %& ns'k esa vkt Hkh cky fookg izfkk py jgh gsa QyLo:i efgykvksa dk iztuu dky c<+ tkrk gsa ftlls vf/kd la[;k esa larkus mriuu gksrh gsa vr% cky fookg ij l[rh ls dkuwuh izfrca/k yxk;k 11

tkuk vko';d gsa blds fy, fookg dh vk;q ym+dh ds fy, 18 o"kz,oa ym+ds ds fy, 21 o"kz dks l[rh ls ykxw fd;k tk,a ¼l½ ¼n½ ifjokj fu;kstu%& ifjokj fu;kstu ds fofhkuu dk;zøeksa dk izpkj izlkj djuk larfr dky esa vfr vko';d gsa bl dk;zøeksa dsk vkanksyu dk :i fn;k tkuk pkfg,a larfr lq/kkj dk;zøe %& laøe.k jksxks ls xzlr O;fDr;ksa ds fopkj,oa lrkuksrifrr ij l[rh ls lkfk izfrca/k yxk;k tk,a ¼M½ lkekftd lqj{kk dk;zøe %& ns'k esa o`)kolfkk]csjkstxkjh] ;k nq?kzvuk ls lqj{kk u feyus ds dkj.k gh yksx cm+s ifjokj dh bpnk j[krs gsa vr% c`)kolrkk isa'ku] csjkstxkjh] HkRrk] o`)kje vkfn pyk dj tu lk/kkj.k esa lqj{kk dh Hkkouk isnk dh tk,a ¼.k½ LokLF; lsok o euksjatu ds dk;zøeksa dks miyc/k djk;k tk,a ¼mijksDr lfgr vu; dksbz 4 fcunq dk o.kzu fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxs½ ¼vFkok½ vkn'kz mrrj %& Hkkjr dh tula[;k dh fo'ks"krk, %& ¼v½ Hkkjr dh tula[;k fofhkuu tkfr;ksa dk fefjr lewg gsa ¼c½ Hkkjr dh tula[;k esa lkekftd] tkrh; oxhzdj.k ik;k tkrk gsa tsls czkeg.k] {kf=;] os'; RkFkk lwnz ¼l+½ fyax vuqikr esa varj ik;k tkrk gsa ;gk izfr gtkj iq:"k ij 933 fl=;ksa dk vuqikr gsa ¼n½ 54-4 izfr'kr yksd vtzd tula[;k esa vkrs gsa blls vtzd tula[;k ij vf/kd Hkkj i<+rk gsa ¼M½ Hkkjr fofhkuu /kekzoyech yksxks,oa Hkk"kk Hkk"kh ykssxks dk ns'k gsa ¼.k½ ns'k dh tula[;k dh o`f) nj vf/kd gsa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj dksbz 4 fcunqvks o.kzu fy[kus ij izr;sd fcunq ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ij 4 vad izkir gksaxsa½ 12

8- vkn'kz mrrj %& 5 vad izfrj{kk uxj,oa /kkfezd uxj ls vk'k;,oa varj dk mnkgj.k }kjk Li"Vhdj.k %& Ø izfrj{kkuxj /kkfezduxj 1- izr;sd ns'k viuh lsuk j[krk gs] lsfud izf'k{k.k,oa lsfud dk;ksz gsrq ftu uxjksa esa Nkofu;ka cukbz tkrh gs mugsa izfrj{kkuxj dgrs gsa 2- izfr j{kk uxjksa esa vl= 'kl= fuekz.k] ijh{k.k] lqj{kk vkfn dk;z fd;s tkrs gsa 3- bu uxjksa dsa fofhkuu izdkj dh lsokvksa dh vko';drk gksrh gsa QyLo:i ogk dk O;olk; /khjs /khjs c<+rk tkrk gsa 4- veckyk] esjb] tcyiqj] iwuk] eå] vyhx<+] ukxiqj] >kwlh] vkxjk] vkfn izfrj{kk uxj gsa 1- ftu uxjksa ds fodkl esa eafnj] efltn] xq:}kjk us egroiw.kz Hkwfedk vnk dh gsa o muds pkjks vksj uxj cl x, gs os /kkfezd uxj dgykrs gsa 2- bu uxjks ds fodkl essa lkekftd laxbu ij /kez dk izhkko vf/kd gksrk gsa 3 /kkfezd vklfkk ds dkj.k nwj nwj ds yksx ogka vkrs gsa ftlls O;kikj c<+rk tkrk gsa dbz O;olk;h ogka vkdkj cl tkrs gs og LFkku izxfr djrk tkrk gsa 4- okjklk.kh] gfj}kj] efkqjk] mttsu] iqjh jkes'oj] ve`rlj] vtesj vkfn /kkfezd uxj gsa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fy[kus ij izr;sd fcunq ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ij 4 vad izkir gksaxsa½ ¼vFkok½ vkn'kz mrrj %& uxj gh fofhkuu O;kolkf;d xfr fof/k;ksa ds dsunz gksrs gsa dfku dk Li"Vhdj.k%& uxjksa dk tue o fodkl fofhkuu dk;ksz ls gksrk gsa QyLo:i viuh flfkfr] mlesa jgus okys fuokfl;ksa dh :fp rfkk thou ;kiu ds fy, viuk, x;s fofhkuu O;olk;ksa ds dkj.k vusd O;olk;ksa ds dsunz cu tkrs gsa m ksx] O;kikj] okf.kt;] mpp lsokvksa dh miyc/krk vksj iz'kklfud dk;kzy;ksa dh LFkkiuk ls ;s,d gh le; essa ifjogu uxj] [kfut dsunz] f'k{kk vksj LokLF; o iz'kklfud uxjksa dk Lo:i /kkj.k djrs ysrs gsa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj o.kzu fy[kus ij 4 vad izkir gksaxsa½ 13

9- vkn'kz mrrj %& vkarfjd o rvorhz; ty ifjogu esa varj %& Ø vkarfjd ty ifjogu ivorhz; ty ifjogu 1- vkarfjd ty ifjogu dk eq[; ek/;e ufna;k gsa 1- bldk eq[; ek/;e leqnz dk rvorhz {ks= gsa 2- blesa vfuf'pr ty Lrj gksrk gsa 2- bl ifjogu esa bl izdkj dh lel;k ugh gksrh gsa 3- vkarfjd ty ifjogu esa ugjsa de xgjh gksrh gsa 3 rvorhz ty ifjogu esa vikj ty jkf'k gksrh gsa 4- blesa iqy ck/kk,a miflfkr djrs gsa 4- blesa iqy tslh cka/kk,a ugh gksrh gsa 5 unh ry esa volknks ds teko gksus ls uksdk lapkyu esa dfbukbz gksrh gsa 6- rvorhz; ty ifjogu esa ;g lel;k ugh gksrh gsa ¼mijksDr lfgr vu; dksbz 4 varj fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ij iw.kz 4 vaad izkir gksxsaa½ ¼vFkok½ vkn'kz mrrj %& Hkkjr esa lm+dksa dh lel;k,a %& ¼1½ ¼2½ lm+d laca/kh dk;ns dkuwu lhkh jkt;ksa esa,d leku,oa ljy ugh gsa lm+d ifjogu esa dj dh njsa Åaph gsaa ¼3½ Hkkjr dh vf/kdka'k lm+das dpph gs] ftlds dkj.k bu ij o"kz Hkj vkokxeu ugha fd;k tk ldrk] D;skafd o"kkz ds le; {kfrxzlr gksus ls xkaoksa dk laca/k lm+d ls dv tkrk gsa ¼4½ etcwrh dh n`f"v ls Hkkjrh; lm+dsa mruh fvdkå ugha gsa ftruh fvdkå if'peh ns'kksa dh gksrh gsaa 14

¼5½ Hkkjrh; lm+dksa esa ifjogu dh Hkkj o ;k=h <ksus dh dk;zdq'kyrk U;wure gsa ¼6½ lm+dksa ds vuqikr esa ml ij pyus okys okguksa dh la[;k cgqr de gsa ¼mijksDr lfgr vu; dksbz 4 fcunq fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 4 fcunq ij iw.kz vad izkir gksaxs½ 10- Hkwfe dh xq.korrk?kvus ds dkj.k %& 5 vad ¼1½ e`nk vijnu %& e`nk vijnu ls izfro"kz yk[kksa ehfvªd Vu mitkå fev~vh cg tkrh gs blls Hkwfe dh mitkå {kerk de gksrh tkrh gsa ¼2½ e`nk esa lw{e thoksa dk?kvuk %& d`f"k esa mriknu o`f) gsrq jklk;uksa o dhvuk'kdksa ds iz;ksx ls Hkwfe dh mozjrk c<+kus okys tho turq tsls daapqvk] dsadm+k] esa<d vkfn ej tkrs gsa vr% Hkwfe dh izfø;k ean im+rh tkrh gsa ¼3½ ueh dh deh %& Hkwfexr ty lalk/kuksa dk v/kk/kqu/k mi;ksx rfkk oulifr ds fonksgu us ty Lrj dks fxjk fn;k gs ftlds dkj.k Hkwfe vf/kd dbksj o Hkwfe esa ueh dh ek=k de gksrh tk jgh gsa ¼4½ gkfudkjd rroksa dk ladsunz.k %& uxjh; mif'k"vksa jklk;fud o dhvuk'kdksa ds iz;ksx ds dkj.k Hkwfe esa gkfudkjd rroksa dh ek=k c<+rh tk jgh gs] tks Hkwfe dh mozjrk c<+kus okys rroksa dks u"v djrs tk jgs gsaa ¼5½ Hkwfe dk vr;kf/kd fonksgu ls iks/ksa ds iks"kd rroksa esa deh gksrh tk jgh gs ftlls Hkwfe dh xq.korrk izhkkfor gks jgh gsa ¼6½ vfr flapkbz ds dkj.k mrrjh esnkuh Hkkxksa esa yo.kh;,oa {kkjh; Hkwfe esa o`f) gksrh tk jgh gsa ¼7½ m ksxksa,oa uxjksa ds vif'k"vkas ds fo"ksys jklk;fud inkfkz vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa dh e`nk esa feydj mls iznwf"kr dj nsrs gsaa 15

¼mijksDrkuqlkj dksbz pkj lgh fcunq fy[kjus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ijiw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa½ vfkok xjhch nwj djus ds mik; ¼1½ f'k{kk dk folrkj %& xjhch nwj djus gsrq ns'k esa jkstxkj iwjd f'k{kk vfuok;z fd;k tk, rkfd yksx vius thou ;kiu ds fy, mldk ykhk mbk ldsaa ¼2½ tula[;k o`f) ij fu;a=.k %& xjhch nwj djus gsrq ns'k esa tula[;k dh o`f) esa fu;a=.k djuk vfuok;z gsa ftlls budk thou Lrj Åapk gks ldsa ¼3½ y?kq o dqvhj m ksx dk fodkl & Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vf/kd ls vf/kd y?kq o dqvhj m}ksxksa dk fodkl fd;k tk, ftlls yksxksa dks o"kz Hkj jkstxkj miyc/k gks ldsxk tks xjhch nwj djus esa lgk;d gsa ¼4½ flapkbz ds lk/kuksa esa o`f)& o"kkz dh vfuf'prrk ds QyLo:i lw[kk] ck<+] vdky dh flfkfr fufezr gksrh gs ftls nwj djus ds fy, flapkbz dh i;kzir lqfo/kk miyc/k djk;h tk, ftlls yksxksa dks o"kz Hkj jkstxkj mic/k gks lds vksj mudk thou Lrj Åij mbsa ¼mijksDr lfgr vu; dksbz 4 fcunq o.kzu lfgr fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 4 lgh ij iw.kz 4 vad izkir gksaxsa½ 11- ^^vestku unh csflu {ks= eysf'k;k ls finm+ x;k gs^^ fueu izdkj ls Li"V gs %& 5 vad leku HkkSxksfyd n'kkvksa,oa leku lalk/ku gksus ij Hkh ekuoh; vko';drkvksa,oa egrodka{kkavksa ds dkj.k dksbz {ks= vf/kd fodkl dj ikrk gs vksj nwljs {ks= finm+s jg tkrs gsa tsls vestu unh csflu o eysf'k;ka nksuksa gh {ks=ksa eas Hkwe/; js[kh; tyok;q rfkk l?ku ou ik;s tkrs gsa] ij 16

eysf'k;k vaxzstksa ds iz;kl ds QyLo:i jcm+ ckxokuh ds dkj.k vestu unh csflu dh vis{kk vf/kd fodkl dj x;k gsa eysf'k;k esa iwath] Je] laxbu rfkk jcm+ fu;kzr djus dh bpnk ds QyLo:i bldk fodkl gqvk gsa tcfd vestu unh csflu blds vhkko esa vkt Hkh finm+k gsa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj lgh o.kzu fy[kus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa½ vfkok tula[;k dh rhoz o`f) ds QLo:i fodkl ij i<+us okys izhkko %& ¼1½ d`f"k Hkwfe ij vr;kf/kd ncko & tula[;k dh rhoz o`f) ds dkj.k d`f"k Hkwfe fujurj NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa cavrh tkrh gs rfkk mriknu {kerk de gks tkrh gsa ¼2½ izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk rhozrk ls 'kks"k.k %& tula[;k o`f) ls izkd`frd lk/kuksa dk rhoz xfr ls 'kks"k.k gksus yxrk gs blls lk/kuksa dh deh gks tkrh gsa edku] Hkkstu] ol= vkfn dh lel;k,a mriuu gks tkrh gsaa ¼3½ izfr O;fDr de vk; %& tula[;k dh rhoz o`f) ds QyLo:i izfr O;fDr vk; de gks tkrh gs jk"vªh; vk; c<+us ij Hkh jk"vªh; vk; esa o`f) ugha ikrh gsa ¼4½ csjkstxkjh esa o`f) %& tula[;k dh o`f) ls vkt izr;sd O;fDr dks dke ns ikuk,d cgqr cm+h lel;k cu pqdh gsa Qyr% csjkstxkjh esa o`f) gks jgh gsa ¼5½ thou Lrj esa fxjkov %& tula[;k c<+us ls olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa dh deh gks tkrh gs ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i thou Lrj uhps fxjrk gsa ¼6½ f'k{kk,oa LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa esa deh] i;kzoj.k iznw"k.k esa o`f) vkfn vusd lel;k,a mriuu gks tkrh gsaa ¼mijksDr lfgr vu; dksbz lgh 5 fcunqvksa dk o.kzu djus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 5 lgh ij 5 vad½ 17

12- dqvh m ksx,oa o`gr~ m ksx esa varj 5 vad y?kq,oa o`gr m ksx esa varj y?kq m ksx 1- dqvhj m ksx ifjokj ds lnl;ksa }kjk mudh n{krk ds vk/kkj ij pyk;s tkrs gsaa 2- bu m ksxksa esa iwath cgqr de ;k uke ek= dh yxrh gsa o`gr m ksx 1- o`gr m ksx vf/kd la[;k esa Jfedksa dh lgk;rk ls pyk;s tkrs gsaa 2- buesa vf/kd iwath dh vko';drk gksrh gsa 3- ;s NksVs isekus ds m ksx gksrs gsaa 3- ;s cm+s isekus ds m ksx gksrs gsaa 4- buesa olrq dh xq.korrk ij fo'ks"k /;ku ugha fn;k tkrk gsa 5- buesa LFkkuh; lkexzh ls mriknu fd;k tkrk gsa 6- bu m ksxksa esa e'khuksa dk iz;ksx de ;k ugha ds cjkcj gksrk gsa 7- buesa Vksdjh cukuk] fev~vh ds crzu cukuk] pwfm+;ka cukuk vkfn 'kkfey gsa 8- bu m ksx dk izca/k lk/kkj.k gksrk gs] mriknu dh n{krk ih<+h nj ih<+h LFkkukarfjr gksrh gsa 4- buesa olrq dh xq.korrk ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tkrk gsa 5- buesa LFkkuh; dpps eky rfkk ckgj ls vk;frr dpps eky ls mriknu gksrk gsa 6- bu m ksxksa eas vfrvk/kqfud,oa ÅtkZ ls pyus okyh Lopfyr e'khuksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gsa 7- buesa twv m ksx] lwrh ol= m ksx] yksg blikr m ksx vkfn 'kkfey gsaa 8- bu m ksxksa dk izca/k tfvy gksrk gsa ¼mijksDr lfgr dksbz vu; 5 lgh varj fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 5 lgh ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ 18

vfkok thfodksiktzu d`f"k ls vk'k;,ao mldh fo'ks"krk, & Qlysa LFkkuh; vko';drk dh iwfrzz ds fy, gh mriuu dh tkrh gsa bl d`f"k dk eq[; mn~ns'; Hkwfe ds mriknu ls vf/kd ls vf/kd tula[;k dk Hkj.k iks"k.k djuk gsa ¼1½ vknzz izns'kksa esa pkoy] vknzz&'kq"d izns'kksa o flapkbz okys Hkkxksa esa] xsgwa] eksvs] vukt frygu rfkk lks;kchu dh Qlysa mriuu dh tkrh gsaa ¼2½ bl d`f"k esa lk/kkj.k vkstkjksa dk iz;ksx rfkk ekuoh; Je dks vf/kd egro fn;k tkrk gsa ¼3½ vf/kdre mriknu ysus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gs] blds fy, fev~vh esa mozjrk cuk;s j[kus gsrq [kkn rfkk mozjdksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gsa ¼4½ vf/kdka'k mitkå Hkwfe esa d`f"k dh tkrh gsa vr% pkjkxkgksa dk vhkko gks tkrk gs] ftlls i'kq ikyu de gks tkrk gsa ¼5½ [ksr izk;% NksVs vkdkj ds gksrs gsa rfkk o"kz essa,d] nks rhu rfkk pkj&pkj Qlysa rd isnk dh tkrh gsaa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj vk'k; fy[kus ij 1 vad rfkk dksbz pkj lgh fcunqvksa dk o.kzu djus ij 4 vad izkir gksaxs ½ 19

13- fo'o ds ekufp= 6 vad ¼1½ dsi dkfgjk jsyekxz ¼2½ iukek ugj ¼3½ esfdldks dh [kkm+h ¼4½ dksydkrk cunjxkg ¼5½ ifkz uxj ¼mijksDr dks lgh vafdr djus ij izr;sd ds fy, 1 vad iznku djsaa½ 20

vfkok ¼1½ uhy unh ¼2½ fgun egklkxj ¼3½ flaxkiqj ¼4½ U;w;kdZ ls yanu ekxz ¼5½ vklvªsfy;k Vªkal dkwfuvus.vy jsy ekxz ¼mijksDr dks fo'o ds ekufp= esa lgh&lgh vafdr djus i izr;sd ds fy, 1 vad rfkk lhkh lgh gksus ij dqy 5 14- vkn'kz mrrj %& pk; dh mit ds fy, vko';d HkkSxksfyd n'kk,%& vad izkir gksaxsa ¼v½ tyok;q%& pk; dh mit ds fy, m".k vknzz tyok;q mrre jgrh gsa ¼c½ rkieku %& 25 0 ls 30 0 lsfyl;l rd mpp rkieku pk; mit ds fy, vko';d gksrk gsa rfkk ikyk blds fy, gkfudkjd gsa 21

¼l+½ o"kkz %& pk; dh mit ds fy, 150 ls-eh- 200 ls-eh okf"kzd o"kkz vuqdwy gksrh gsa iwjs eksle esa :d :d dj o"kkz gksuk dqgjk,oa /kqa/k dk eksle ykhkdkjh gksrk gsa tks lw;z dh rst fdj.kksa ls pk; dh dksey ifrr;ksa dh j{kk djrh gsa ¼n½ e`nk %& blds fy, xgjh] mitkå QkWLQkjsl thoka'k rfkk yksgka'k ;qdr e`nzk Js"B gksrh gsa ¼M½ Hkwfe %& pk; ds iks/kks dks rs;kj djuk] iafdr;ka pquuk] lq[kkuk],oa fmccksa esa can djuk vkfn ds fy, vf/kd la[;k esa llrs o dq'ky Jfedksa dh vko';drk gksrh gsa bl dk;z dks T;knkrj fl=;k o cpps djrs gsa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj dks Li"V djus ij 1 vad rfkk 5 ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksxsaa½ ¼vFkok½ m ksxks dh LFkkiuk ij izhkko Mkyus okys izeq[k dkj.k %& ¼1½ dppk eky %& m ksxksa ds fy, dpps eky dh miyc/krk vko';d gsa blds vhkko esa m ksx LFkkfir ugh gks ikrs gsa tsls eqecbz esa lwrh ol= m ksx dh LFkkiuk dk izeq[k dkj.k dikl mriknu {ks= dh fudvrk gsa ¼2½ 'kfdr ds lk/ku %& m ksxks esa e'khuks dks pykus gsrq ÅtkZ dh vko';drk gksrh ga vr% m ksxks dh LFkkiuk 'kfdr ds lk/kuks dh izkfir ds lehi LFkkuksa esa gh dh tkrh gsa tsls te'ksniqj yksg&likr m ksx dh LFkkiuk NksVk ukxiqj ibkj dks;yk {ks= dh lehirk ds dkj.k gqbz gsa ¼3½ iwath,oa cktkj %& m ksxks dks pykus gsrq Hkkjh ek=k esa iwath rfkk rs;kj eky dks cspus ds fy, cktkj dh vko';drk gksrh gs dksydkrk esa m ksxksa ds fodkl ds dkj.k iwath,oa cktkj dh lqfo/kk dk ik;k tkuk gsa 22

¼4½ ¼5½ izpqj tykiwfrz %& m ksxksa ds fy, ty,d egroiw.kz vko';d rro gsa gqxyh unh ds fdukjs twv m ksx ds LFkkuh;dj.k dk eq[; dkj.k i;kzir ek=k essa LoPN ty dk ik;k tkuk gsa ifjogu ;k ;krk;kr ds lk/ku %& dpps eky,oa rs;kj eky dks m ksxksa rd ykus,oa cktkjksa rd igqapkus ds fy, ifjogu lqfo/kk m ksxksa ds fy, vfuok;z vko';drk gsa vr% tks LFkku lhkh izdkj ds ty] Fky,oa ok;q ekxkssza dh lqfo/kk ls leiuu gksrs gsa os LFkku m ksxksa dh LFkkiuk o fodkl ds fy, vkn'kz okrkoj.k rs;kj djrs gsaa eqecbz] dksydkrk] psuubz lhkh izdkj ds ty] Fky o ok;q ekxksza ls leiuurk ds dkj.k o`gr~ vks ksfxd {ks= cu x;s gsaa ¼6½ Je miyc/krk %& Je dh miyc/krk m ksxks ds LFkkuh;dj.k ij izhkko Mkyrk gsa tks m ksxje iz/kku gksrs gsa os vf/kd tula[;k okys {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir gksrs gs] tsls pwm+h] o dkwp dk lkeku cukus okyk m ksx vf/kd tula[;k ds dkj.k fqjkstkckn esa LFkkfir gqvk gsa ¼7½ vu; dkj.k %& tsls tyok;q mppop jktlo] lqfo/kk] 'kkldh; uhfr] dq'ky izca/k vkfn dk Hkh m ksxks dh LFkkiuk ij izhkko i<+rk gsa ¼mijksDr rfkk vu; dksbz lgh fcunqvksa esa ls 5 fcunq fy[kus ij 1½ vad rfkk o.kzu lfgr 5 fcunq fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 5 lgh ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs½ 15- vkn'kz mrrj %& nwfj;ksa dks de djus esa lapkj lk/kuksa dk ;ksxnku lapkjds uohure lalk/ku Vsyhfotu] d`f=emix`g VsysDl] QSDl vkfn gs] Vsyhfotu ds ek/;e ls ge fo'o ds fdlh Hkh LFkku ij?kfvr gks jgh?kvukvksa dks?kj csbs ns[k lqu ldrs gsa d`f=e mix`gksa dks fdlh fo'ks"k iz;kstu ds fy, varfj{k esa jkdsvksa dh lgk;rk ls LFkkfir djrs gsa buds ek/;e ls ge eksle laca/kh lsfud xfrfof/k;ksa laca/kh] [kfut lalk/ku laca/kh tkudkjh fp= lfgr izkir djrs gsa VsySDl rkj }kjk lans'k Hkstus dk la'kksf/kr :i gsa QSDl ds ek/;e ls ge i=ksa] fp=ksa lans'kksa dks mlh :i esa vu; LFkku ij Hkst ldrs gsaa ;s lhkh lk/ku [kphzys gsa ijurq buds ek/;e ls lans'k 'kh?kz o xksiuh; rjhds ls igqaprs gsaa bl izdkj ge ns[krs gsa fd buds ek/;eksa ls fo'o ds fdlh Hkh 23

{ks= dh tkudkjh dqn gh {k.kksa esa izkir dj ldrs gsa ;k ns[k ldrs gsaa ;k ckr dj ldrs gsa ftlls ;g dguk xyr ugha gksxk fd fo'o flevdj NksVk gksrk tk jgk gsa vfkok Hkkjr esa ty ifjogu dk egro %& mijksdrkuqlkj folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa ¼1½ ifjogu dk lcls llrk lk/ku %& blesa u rks jsy dh ivfj;k fcnkuh im+rh gsa vksj u gh lm+dsa cukuh im+rh gsaa lm+dkas o jsyekxksza ds j[kj[kk dh Hkkafr ty ekxksza ij dksbz O;; ugha djuk im+rka Hkkj <ksus esa lcls de [kpz csbrk gsa ¼2½ Hkkj <ksus dh vf/kd {kerk %& jsyksa o lm+dkas dh rqyuk esa ukoksa o ty;ku esa Hkkj <ksus dh {kerk cgqr vf/kd gksrh gsa ;g viuh Hkkj {kerk ls 6 xqus Hkkj dks <ks ldrs gsaa ¼3½ ty ekxz cukus esa dksbz O;; ugha gksrk %&,d fd-eh- jsyekxz cukus esa 15-20 yk[k :i;s vksj,d fd-eh- lm+d ekxz cukus esa 5 yk[k :i;s ls vf/kd [kpz djuk im+rk gsa ogha tyekxz cukus esa dksbz [kpz ugha djuk im+rk gsa ;g izd`fr }kjk fu%'kqyd iznrr lk/ku gsa ¼4½ Hkkjh o Fkksd <qykbz esa mi;qdr %& tyekxz vu; lk/kuksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjh o Fkksd <qykbz ds fy, vf/kd vuqdwy o llrk gksrk gsa ¼5½ ns'k dh muufr esa lgk;d %& fons'kh O;kikj dk lcls cm+k] lqxe vksj ljy lk/ku leqnzh ekxz gh gsa ty ekxksza ls gh vk;kr o fu;kzr fd;k tkrk gsa ¼6½ varjkz"vªh; O;kikj ds fodkl essa lgk;d %& varjkz"vªh; O;kikj dk izkjahk vksj mldk fodkl leqnzh ekxksza ds dkj.k gh lehko gks ldk gsa jsyksa] lm+dksa] o ok;qekxkszza }kjk varjkz"vªh; O;kikj dk bruk fodkl dnkfi lahko ugha gks ldrk FkkA ¼mijksDr esa ls 5 fcunqvksa dk folrkj nsus ij iw.kz 5 vad izkir gksaxsa izr;sd ij 1 vad izkir gksxka½ 24

16 lnkcgkj ou o ir>m+ ouksa ¼ekulwuh ou½ esa varj 6 vad lnkcgkj ou ekulwuh ou 1- ;s ou 200 ls-eh- ls vf/kd o"kkz okys {ks=ksa esa ik;ss tkrs gsaa 2- bu ouksa esa o`{kksa dh ÅapkbZ 50 ehvj ls Hkh vf/kd gksrh gsa 3- bu ouksa esa o`{k vf/kd l?ku gksrs gsaa 4- bu ouksa ds o`{kksa dh ydm+h dbksj gksrh gsa 5- bu ouksa dk vkffkzd egro de gsa 1- ;s ou 75 ls 200 ls-eh- rd o"kkz okys {ks=ksa esa ik;s tkrs gsaa 2- buouksa esa o`{kksa dh ÅapkbZ 30 ls 45 eh- rd gksrh gsa 3- ;s ou lnkckj ouksa dh Hkkafr l?ku ugha gksrs gsaa 4- bu ouksa ds o`{kksa dh ydm+h bekjrh o ewy;oku gksrh gsa 5- ;s ou vkffkzd n`f"v ls vf/kd egroiw.kz gsaa 6- ;s ou o"kzhkj gjs Hkjs jgrs gsaa 6- bu ouksa ds o`{k 'kq"d o xzh"e dky esa viuh lhkh ifrr;ka,d lkfk fxjk nsrs gsaa 7- bu ouksa ds izeq[k o`{k jcj] egksxuh] bcksuh] rkm+] vkcuwl] ckal vkfn gsa 8- lnkcgkj ou l?kurk ds dkj.k vkokxeu gsrq nqxze gksrs gsaa 7- bu ouksa ds eq[; o`{k lky] lkxksu] 'kh'ke] vkaoyk] vke panu vkfn gsaa 8- ekulwuh de l?ku gksus ds dkj.k vkokxeu ds fy, lqxe gksrs gsaa ¼mijksDrkuqlkj lvhd dksbz 5 varj fy[kus ij izr;sd ij 1 vad rfkk 5 ij 5 vad izkir gksaxs ½ i'kq lalk/kuksa dk egro %& vfkok ¼1½ d`f"k dk;z esa lgk;d d`f"k esa i'kqvksa dk egroiw.kz ;ksxnku gs tsls gy [khapus] csyxkm+h [khapus] cks>k <ksus] xuus dh pjf[k;ka isjus] dqvksa ls ikuh [khapus vkfn dk;ksza esa i'kqvksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gsa tkudkjh 25

ds vuqlkj 1]185 djksm+ dk;z'khy?k.vs izfro"kz i'kq 'kfdr ls izkir fd, tkrs gsaa ¼2½ nqx/k dh izkfir&i'kqvksa ls mrre iksf"vd inkfkz nw/k izkir gksrk gsa nw/k dk mriknu 1984&85 esa 380 yk[k Vu FkkA ¼3½ i'kqvksa ls pem+k o [kky izkir gksrk gs muls fofhkuu izdkj dh lkexzhrs;kj dh tkrh gsa ¼4½ xkscj,oa [kkn & i'kqvksa ds xkscj ls mrre [kkn rfkk xkscj xsl dk mriknu gksrk gs rfkk dams Hkh izkir gksrs gsaa 1984&85 esa yxhkx 80 djksm+ Vu [kkn i'kqvksa ls izkir fd;k x;k FkkA ¼5½ Åu dh izkfir & HksM+ksa ls Åu izkir gksrk gs Åu dk mi;ksx dim+s] decy xyhps vkfn cukus esa fd;k tkrk gsa 2002&03 esa 5 djksm+ 18 yk[k fd-xzk- Åu dk mriku gqvk FkkA ¼6½ ekal dh izkfir & i'kqvksa ls ekal dh izkfir gksrh gsa ekal cgqr cm+h tula[;k dk eq[; [kk inkfkz gsa 1984&85 esa nl yk[k Vu ekal i'kqvksa ls izkir gqvk FkkA ¼7½ jk"vªh; vk; dk L=ksr & ns'k dh dqy jk"vªh; vk; dk 23% Hkxk i'kq /ku ls izkir gksrk gsa ¼8½ gfm~m;ksa,oa lhaxksa dh izkfir %& e`r i'kqvksa ls gfm~m;ksa,oa lhax dh izkfir gksrh gsa ¼9½ ifjogu ds vpns lk/ku&i'kq ifjogu ds vpns lk/ku gksrs gsaaa tsls& cks>k <ksus] lokjh djus esa csy]?kksm+k] [kppj] x/ks] ÅaV HkSals vkfn dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gsa ¼mijksDr esa ls dksbz 6 fcunqvksa dk folrkj fy[kus ij 6 vad izkir gksaxsa izr;sd fcunq ij ½ vad rfkk folrkj lfgr fy[kus ij 1 vad rfkk 6 fcunqvksa dks folrkj lfgr fy[kus ij 6 vad izkir gksaxsa 26