The Role of Offshore Wind Place your chosen image here. The four corners must just cover the arrow tips. For covers, the three pictures should be the same size and in a straight line. Richard Proctor ENI System Strategy - Offshore
National Grid Onshore Transmission Owner (E&W) System Operator Separate OFTO business National Grid OFTO Generator Shoreline 2
The future: efficiency, decarbonisation and electrification Electricity Heat Transport Smart Meters & Appliance efficiency Insulate and reduce Efficiency and innovation Heat pump Decarbonised electricity Gas backup & embedded generation new homes & retrofit Biomethane De-carbonise heat CNG and decarbonise transport 3
TWh Electricity: supply sources change significantly 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Interconnector CHP TWh Nuclear Wind Renewable Coal Oil Gas CCGT CCS 4
Electricity Supply 2020 generation mix overhaul transmission focus => less fossil fuel more wind 115GW 373TWh 6% 15% 14% 8% 1% 17% 10% 1% 9% 5% GW 2020 11% 12% 28% TWh 2020 19% 8% 36% Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other Demonstration project for CCS supply small amount of load Some new nuclear online by 2020, existing plant has 10yr life extension 28GW of wind on the system (17GW offshore) Small (7GW) amounts of other renewables Coal and CCGT to a lesser extent operate as peaking plant to help manage wind intermittency 5
Electricity Supply 2030 nuclear replanting, CCS goes commercial & growth in demand 147GW 426TWh 9% 25% 13% 26% 14% 7% 8% GW 2030 12% 3% 9% 9% 19% TWh 2030 9% 28% 2% 7% Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other Increase in Wind Generation to 49GW CCGTs marginal supply source for non-windy days. Most coal retired, CCS gas and coal increase to 13GW around clusters Nuclear new build well underway (13GW installed by 2030) Increased interconnection to balance system Electric car commercialisation 6
Electricity Supply 2040 supplying heat and transport with CCS & nuclear 148GW 13% 16% 26% 15% GW 2040 8% 0% 10% 12% Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other Large increase in generation output as heat and transport undergo significant electrification More nuclear and CCS on system providing baseload power 476TWh 6% 10% 21% 7% 19% TWh 2040 34% 0% 3% Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other No growth in wind as it goes into maintenance mode with economic sites replanted with larger turbines but less economic sites abandoned 7
Electricity supply 2050 Smart interconnected systems 158GW 16% 16% 24% GW 2050 17% 8% 0% 1% 18% Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other Further increases in heat and transport electrification, large penetration of hybrid heating systems and vehicles All existing nuclear sites replanted with 26GW of capacity 522TWh 19% 10% 6% 6% 21% TWh 2050 37% 0% 1% Nuclear Coal Gas CCS Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Other Renew Other 28GW of CCS on system 15GW of interconnection with Northern Europe as part of a European supergrid which together with flexible heating help balance the system 8
GW Offshore Generation Scenario Capacity Comparison 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 Slow Progression Gone Green Accelerated Grow th Sustainable Grow th 9
Variable Wind Output 0.9 0.8 BEonshor Continous BEonshor Discrete1.3 BEonshor Discrete1.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0-0.1 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 10
The delivery challenge: UK onshore transmission Historic power flows generally north south Future power flows vary in time and direction existing network future potential investment to connect Scottish renewables future potential load related investment to 2017 existing interconnector interconnector under construction possible future interconnector potential wind farm sites potential nuclear sites Norway 16bn of proposed reinforcements in England & Wales by 2020 Ireland Netherlands Belgium France France 11 11
Considering Offshore Connections Aspire to meet generator capacity and timescales Consider both Local and Wider impact Need to be compliant with GB NETS SQSS Transmission requirements Grid Code Generator requirements Dynamic performance Power quality 12
2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 North Wales Walney Connection Option Considered West of Duddon North Wales Boundary 2 Wind Capacity R3 Z9 Irish Sea Gwynt Y Mor 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Boundary NW2 North Wales Boundary 4 Wind Capacity 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Boundary NW4 13
Cable Technology Currently Available 500kV HVDC MI (PPL) Bipole Pair 220kV 3 core AC cable 2200mm 2 Copper Conductors 2000MW Capacity 800mm² copper conductors 300MVA capacity 320kV HVDC XLPE bipole pair 275kV Single core AC cables laid separately 1600mm² copper conductors 1000MW capacity 630mm² copper conductors 500MVA capacity 14
Electrical Design HVDC Design AC Design Offshore platform 250MV A 220/33 KV 250MV A 220/33 KV Offshore platform 250MV A 220/33 KV 250MV A 220/33 KV ~300MVA, 220KV, ~300MVA, 220KV, 630mm 2 ~300MVA, 220KV, 630mm 2 630mm 2 ~300MVA, 220KV, 630mm 2 Offshore platform 180MV A 220/33 KV 180MV A 220/33 KV 220KV Offshore platform HVDC Converter Offshore platform 180MV A 220/33 KV 180MV A 220/33 KV Offshore platform 180MV A 220/33 KV 180MV A 220/33 KV ~350MVA, 220KV, ~350MVA, 220KV, 1000mm 2 1000mm 2 Shoreline 300KV DC Bipole 2800mm 2 Shoreline ~350MVA, 220KV, 1000mm 2 To offshore platforms HVDC Converter 750MVA 750MVA 750MVA 750MVA 400/220KV 400/220KV 400/220KV 400/220KV 400KV Transmission System Transmission System 15
MW Limitations of AC cable 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 400kV 50/50 400kV 70/30 400kV 100/0 275kV 50/50 275kV 70/30 275kV 100/0 0 0 50 100 150 200 km Maximum real power transfer in 275 kv and 400 kv cables with 100/0, 50/50 and 70/30 reactive compensation split between onshore and offshore (1000 mm 2 copper cross section) 16
HVDC transmission system AC system AC system Rectifier DC system Inverter Converter at sending end acts as rectifier and converts AC to DC Converter at receiving end acts as inverter and converts DC to AC The DC connection may be cable, overhead line or back-to-back 17
Line Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC Thyristor valve based technology Established pedigree (>70 installations worldwide) Installed ratings worldwide of <100MW up to 7200MW Cannot be used with XLPE cable Requires connection to strong network not suitable for wind farm connections Consumes reactive power Ratings Currently up to ±800kV 7200MW Costs All costs are given in millions of British Pounds. Specifications Unit Cost 1000 MW 400 kv 70 90 2000 MW 500 kv 130 160 3000 MW 600 kv 170 200 18
LCC - 12-pulse bridge Y Y Y Y + = Y Δ Y Δ Resulting waveform requires filtering 19
Voltage Source Converter (VSC) HVDC IGBT based technology Relatively new 1 st installation in 1997 Presently lower ratings than VSC Potential for multi-terminal applications Ratings Maximum Installed Rating: 400MW ±150kV Maximum Planned Rating: 1000MW ±320kV Bipole 715MW 500kV Monopole Near Term Achievable Rating: 2200MW ±600kV (by 2017) Costs All costs are given in millions of British Pounds. Specifications Unit Cost 500 MW 300 kv 65 80 850 MW 320 kv 85 105 1250 MW 500 kv 105 130 2000 MW 500 kv 125 170 20
VSC - Multi-level converter + U C Switched capacitor module - Three phase converter arms comprised of switched capacitor modules Resulting sine wave requires little or no filtering 21
VSC projects: BorWin 1 BorWin 1 platform in the North Sea Image courtesy of ABB 22
Boundary Transfer Capability (MW) 12000 Boundary Requirements and Reinforcements North Wales Boundary 2 Boundary B34 10000 Further Reinforcement(s) to be Identified 8000 6000 Mid Wales 400kV OHL & Pentir - Mid Wales HVDC Link (NW-R00 & R06) Establish Second Pentir-Trawsfynydd 400kV Circuit (NW-R01) 4000 2000 Existing Capacity 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 (blank) Year 23
Required Boundary Transfer Capability 12000 Boundary Requirements and Reinforcements North Wales Boundary 4 Boundary B36 10000 Further Reinforcement(s) to be Identified 8000 Mid Wales 400kV OHL & Pentir - Mid Wales HVDC Link (NW-R00 & R06) 6000 West Coast HVDC Existing Capacity 4000 2000 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 (blank) Year 24
North Wales 25
Western HVDC Link Jointly developed by National Grid & SPT. The first application of HVDC Technology embedded within The GB Transmission System. Will bring renewable energy from Scotland to the south and help to meet EU2020 renewable targets. 2200MW capacity running between Hunterston in Ayrshire to the Wirral. The longest of this capacity in the world. Over 400km of HVDC Cable. Cost of circa 1bn. 26
Anglo-Scottish: Boundary B6 Cumulative Cost Benefit Analysis By Scenario For Western HVDC Link 1500m 1000m 500m Intercept is breakeven point 0m - 500m - 1000m - 1156m - 1500m - 2000m - 2500m - 3000m - 3153m - 3500m 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 GG SP AG consol 27
NORWAY Stepwise evolution to a European supergrid? DENMARK GERMANY THE NETHERLANDS, Nemo BELGIUM, FRANCE 28
Want to read more? Offshore Development Information Statement (ODIS) 2011 http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/electricity/offshoretransmission/odis/currentstateme nt/ Offshore Transmission Network Feasibility Study (OTNFS) http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/electricity/offshoretransmission/offshoreapproach/ Security and Quality of Supply Standards (SQSS) http://www.nationalgrid.com/nr/rdonlyres/784f2dfc-133a-41cd-a624-952ef4ccd29b/45776/netssqss_v21_march2011.pdf OFGEM http://www.ofgem.gov.uk/pages/ofgemhome.aspx DECC http://www.decc.gov.uk/ The Crown Estates http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/ 29