South American GT-SUITE Conference June 2013 Thompson D. Metzka Lanzanova, MSc. Horácio Antonio Vielmo, DSc Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil Mario Eduardo Santos Martins, Phd Rafael Sari Paulo Romeu Moreira Machado, DSc Federal University of Santa Maria - Brazil
Why wet ethanol? ENERGY DEMAND 0% 5% 39% 95% 100% Sugar-to-Ethanol Production Process
Why Wet Ethanol? H2O% LHV COST
Objectives of this work To evaluate the performance parameters of a single cylinder spark ignited engine running on several water-in-ethanol blends; To study combustion stability for high water content fuel mixtures
Metodology o Experimental tests; Engine setup; Data acquisition and post-processing; o Computer simulation for combustion and heat release analysis and characterization.
Experimental Setup Item Characteristic Original Modified Engine Agrale M90 Cylinders 1 Strokes 4 Ignition type CI SI Fuel Diesel Ethanol Fuel Injection Swirl camber Port fuel indirect injection injection Refrigeration system Forced air Bore (mm) 90 Stroke (mm) 105 Compression ratio 19:01 12:01 Displaced volume (dm³) 0.668 Intake Valve Open Intake Valve Close Exhaust Valve Open Exhaust Valve Close -36 BTDC 184 ATDC -204 BTDC 64 ATDC
Experimental Setup Spark plug
Experimental Setup
Experimental Setup Pressure Transducer AVL GH14D Pressure Transduce MPX4250AP
Experimental Setup DAQ board: National Instruments model USB-6259; NI Maximum Samples per second 1,25 MS/s; Mathlab Routine; o Transfer functions for pressure signals; o Pegging at BDC gas exchange phase; o mean value of 40 cycles;
Flow bench test: Experimental Setup
Test methodology Engine warm-up with E95W5 at 1200 RPM and 1800 RPM; Start testing with E95W5; o 1800 RPM; o A/F ratio control; o Brake control for constant BMEP; o Spark time adjust for MBT; Fuel line clean up; Fuel change from less to higher water content (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% water volumetric content). In the end of tests the lines were filled with E95W5;
GT-Power - SI Engine Modelling Process C press e C f = 0 T=450 K T=550 K Mh w = 2 Mh w =1,5
GT-Power - SI Engine Modelling Process Fuel Injection System Characterization Intake and Exhaust Boundary Conditions COMB. T Adm. T Exaust. (K) (K) MBT PF E95W5 813 823 E90W10 816 825 E80W20 303 807 835 E70W30 793 836 E60W40 791 811
GT-Power - SI Engine Modelling Process HEAT RELEASE CALCULATION BASED ON IN-CYLINDER INSTANTANEOUS PRESSURE TPA - Three Pressure Analysis Burn Rate Calculation: o Uses intake and exhaust manifolds and in-cylinder instantaneou in-cylinder pressure data; o Enables gas exchange calculation; TPA parameters: o Combustion analysis ºCA increment = 0,1 CA; o Start of combustion parametrized according to experimental results; o Combustion is considered homogeneous;
Experimental Results FUEL Brake Torque (Nm) Brake Power (kw) Spark Advance ( CA BTDC) E95W5 33.2 6.18 E90W10 32.9 6.23 E80W20 34.9 6.58 E70W30 35.9 6.85 E60W40 32.9 6.29 6.5 8.0 11.0 16.5 20.5
Experimental Results
Experimental Results
Simulated and experimental comparison
Simulated and experimental comparison GT-Power (mg/cycle) Experimental (mg/cycle) Percent Difference (%) Air and water = GT Power air E95W05 530.5 549.8 3.6 E90W10 532.9 567.9 6.6 E80W20 588.6 578.4 1.8 E70W30 610.3 588.9 3.6 E60W40 621.5 625.2 0.6 Ethanol E95W05 54.5 56.0 2.7 E90W10 55.5 55.9 0.7 E80W20 58.2 57.3 1.6 E70W30 58.9 57.0 3.3 E60W40 56.6 57.4 1.3
TPA Results ºCA at Peak Pressure and Maximum in-cylinder pressure In-Cylinder Instantaneous Pressure
Heat Burned Release Fuel Fraction Rate TPA Results
TPA Results Burn Duration and Ignition Delay
TPA Results Burned In-cylinder and instantaneous Unburned Zone temperature Maximum Temperature
Conclusions Engine stable operation could be achieved with up to 40% of water volumetric concentration in the mixture; In all cases where water was added, engine thermal eficiency increased; o Until 30% of water in ethanol the volumetric eficiency increased; Fuel burn rate is reduced with increased water content; Water addition increased the anti-knock fuel characteristic; The combustion chamber design used in this works seems to be benefitial when used with high water content fuels;
Conclusions The use of water-in-ethanol concentrations above 20% can highly reduce the fuel cost compared to fossil fuels while increasing the energy life cycle balance; The use of wet ethanol can be a way to increase the efficiency of spark ignited engines with high pressure turbo-boost;
Aknowledgments The authors thank the financial support from CAPES, through a master scholarship grant for Lanzanova, T.D.M and from CNPq, through scientific productivity grants for Vielmo, H.A., and the CNPq Universal Project 470325/2011-9.
Thank you for your attention! Contact: Thompson D. M. Lanzanova, MSc. Mechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria - Brazil lanzanova@mecanica.ufsm.br +55 54 8100 2840 Mario Eduardo Santos Martins, Phd. Mechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria - Brazil mario@mecanica.ufsm.br +55 55 9622 2373