Monitoring, Reporting and Reducing Air Emissions from Marine Operations Till Stoeckenius, ENVIRON Int. Corp. GreenTech 2014 10-12 June St. John, NB
Overview Air quality impacts of marine port operations Reducing Emissions Developing Emission Inventories for Marine Ports Ocean-Going Vessel Emissions Calculators Voyage Planning Tools
Air Quality Impacts of Marine Port Operations
Port Air Emission Sources Ocean-going vessels Harbor craft Cargo handling equipment Trucks Locomotives Other construction, materials handling, etc.
Pollutants Pollutant Impact Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) Local health impact Contributes to regional fine PM loading Nitrogen Oxides Regional O3 and secondary PM formation Sulfur Oxides Local health impact Secondary PM (sulfate) formation Other (CO, VOC, other PM, other toxics) Less important for diesel combustion sources
Port Emission Inventories
Emissions: Port of Oakland 2005 2012
Emissions: Port of Oakland
Emissions: Port of Oakland 2005 Inventory
Oceangoing Vessel Emission Tools
Basic Emission Calculations: OGV Activities (Time in mode) Cruise Reduced speed Maneuvering Berthing (hoteling) Emissions Engines Propulsion Diesel electric Direct drive Auxiliary Boilers Q (g/hr) = Engine Power Demanded (kw) x Emission Factor (g/kw-hr) Q (g/nm) = Q (g/hr) / Vessel Speed (knots) Emission factors: Published values by engine category, technology and fuel type/sulfur content Engine Power Demand (by mode, ship specific) Propulsion engine speed load curve Auxiliary load
Emission Calculators Port vessel call emissions calculator Vessel speed reduction benefits analyzer Voyage Emissions Calculator
Port Vessel Call Emissions Calculator Tool for compiling annual emissions summary report for vessel calls Inputs Vessel call data from port or Marine Exchange (name/number, arrival/departure times) Engine data by ship (IHS Sea-web) Modal data Time in mode by vessel class Engine loads by mode Shore power usage Fuel parameters Emission factor database Easy annual updates based on vessel call data
Vessel Speed Reduction Program Benefits Analyzer Vessel emissions vary by speed Propulsion engine g/nm proportional to (speed) 2 Aux. engine g/nm proportional to (1/speed) Direct drive propulsion engines less efficient at very low loads NOx Emissions (grams/nautical mile) 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 - Boiler Auxiliary Propulsion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Speed (knots)
Vessel Speed Reduction Program Benefits Analyzer Evaluate and track benefits of voluntary VSR program Potential VSR benefits vary by vessel type and program design Emissions calculation based on average speed is inaccurate Access database program Track all calls by vessel type Calculate total vessel call emissions by speed (mode) Calculate actual VSR program benefit
Voyage Emissions Calculator ENVIRON: Concept and Emissions Calculations Marshall GIS: Software Development
REGULATION International and National MARPOL Annex VI North America Emission Control Area Drivers SUSTAINABILITY Sustainability Goals and Customer Green Cargo Requirements PROFIT Fuel Costs Fines and Penalties California Regulations
Measure Model Evaluate VOYAGE DATA BY SEGMENT Standard Scenario Fuel consumption Fuel sulfur content Operating parameters Alternative Scenario (by voyage segment) Fuel consumption Fuel sulfur content Operating parameters Emissions Calculator EMISSIONS Standard Scenario EMISSIONS Alternative Scenario COMPARE
Interactive GIS-Based Emissions Calculations
Voyage Data Port A Waypoint 1 By segment: fuel type Scrubber on or off avg. speed distance Port B Waypoint 2 Course change with no waypoint Waypoint 3 Waypoint 5 Waypoint 4 Port C Waypoint 6 Waypoint with no course change
Identify Segment
Data by Segment Speed Fuel Scrubber status
Identify Port Victoria, BC
Calculate and Compare
Questions?