Pavement Performance Prediction Symposium July 17, 2008 University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming
Acknowledgements: John D Angelo - FHWA FHWA Mobile Asphalt Testing Laboratory Program Chuck Paugh Project Manager Jagan Gudimettla Mixture Project Engineer Satish Belagutti Binder Project Engineer Raj Dongré DLS, Inc Justin Tesch Mix Technician Joshua Thompson Mix Technician David Heidler Binder Technician Darnel Jackson Binder Technician also FHWA Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center Nelson Gibson Scott Parobeck Frank Davis 2
How Many WMA Technologies are Available in the U.S.? 3
How Many WMA Technologies are Available in the U.S.? Currently 12 Technologies Actively Marketed and Available in the U.S. 4
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7 Hall Street, St. Louis, MO
Interstate 70, Dillon, CO 70 miles West of Denver, CO Elevation 8,800 11,100 Feet Dillon 8
9 East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY
MAMTL Trailer WMA Projects Location Hall St., St. Louis, MO I-70, Dillon, CO, West of Eisenhower Tunnel East Entrance Road, Yellowstone National Park, WY Warm Mix Asphalt Projects Mix Design 12.5mm Superpave 9.5mm Superpave 19mm Hveem Lab Compaction Level, Gyrations Base Binder Grade 100 PG 70-22 75 PG 58-28 75 PG 58-34 Technologies Aspha-Min Evotherm Sasobit Advera Evotherm Sasobit Advera Sasobit 10 Mobile Asphalt Mixture Testing Laboratory
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12 Advera WMA
13 Advera WMA
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18 Emulsion
19 DAT
0.0 1 0 FHWA Power Chart 12.5 mm Superpave, MO 0672 100 Percent Passing 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 JMF Maximum Density Line PCS 0 0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power 9.5 12.5 19 20
0.0 1 0 FHWA Power Chart 12.5 mm Superpave, MO 0672 100 Percent Passing 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 JMF Maximum Density Line Control Sasobit T1 Sasobit T2 Evotherm T1 Evotherm T2 Aspha Min 0 0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power 9.5 12.5 19 21
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Asphalt Binder Content 6.1 5.9 Percent 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 Control Sasobit 280F Sasobit 240F Evotherm 280F Evotherm 240F Aspha-Min 280F Va- Voids in Total Mix Percernt 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 22 Control Sasobit 280F Sasobit 240F Evotherm 280F Evotherm 240F Aspha-Min 280F
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO 17 VMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate Percernt 16 15 14 13 Control Sasobit 280F Sasobit 240F Evotherm 280F Evotherm 240F Aspha-Min 280F 23
0.0 4.0 1 0 100 90 80 FHWA Power Chart 9.5mm Superpave, CO0777 Percent Passing 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19 Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power Maximum Density Line Mix Design PCS 24
0.0 4.0 1 0 100 90 80 FHWA Power Chart 9.5mm Superpave, CO0777 Percent Passing 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 Maximum Density Line Mix Design PCS Control 1 Control 2 Advera 1 Advera 2 Sasobit 1 Sasobit 2 2.36 4.75 9.5 Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power 12.5 19 25
Interstate 70, Dillon, CO 7.0 Asphalt Binder Content Percent 6.5 6.0 5.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sample Number Ign Pb USL LSL Target 26 Percernt 6 5 4 3 2 1 Va- Voids in Total Mix 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sample Number Va USL Target LSL
Interstate 70, Dillon, CO 19 VMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate Percernt 18 17 16 15 14 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sample Number VMA Target USL LSL 27
Interstate 70, Dillon, CO Mix Type Field Property Control 7-24-07 Advera WMA Control 7-26-07 Sasobit Control 8-13-07 Evotherm Low Air Temp. ( F) 54 54 50 50 36 36 Delivery Temp. ( F) * 260 * 235 * 243 At Screed Temp. ( F) * 243 * 230 * 235 Mat Density (% Rice) 93.8 93.3 95.7 (single data point) 93.2 93.7 94.7 * Minimum delivery temp for control HMA was 280 F 28 Chart is Courtesy of CODOT
0 4 1 0 100.0 90.0 80.0 FHWA Power Chart 19 mm Hveem, WY 0778 Percent Passing 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19 25 Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power Maximum Density Line JMF PCS 29
0 4 1 0 FHWA Power Chart 19 mm Hveem, WY 0778 100.0 Percent Passing 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0.075 0.30.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19 25 Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power Maximum Density Line JMF PCS Control Avg. Advera Avg. Sasobit Avg. 30
East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY Percent Percernt 6.2 6 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5 4.8 4.6 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Asphalt Binder Content 0 1 CONTROL 2 3 4 MIX5 6 7 8 ADVERA 9 10 MIX 11 12 13 14 SASOBIT 15 16 17 MIX18 19 Sample Number Va- Voids in Total Mix 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 CONTROL MIX ADVERA MIX SASOBIT MIX 31 Sample Number
East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY Percernt 20.0 19.0 18.0 17.0 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 VMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate 0 1 CONTROL 2 3 4 MIX5 6 7 8 ADVERA 9 10 MIX 11 12 13 14 SASOBIT 15 16 17 MIX18 19 Sample Number VMA Target USL LSL 32
33 East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY
Binder Characterization Objective Evaluate the effects of three Warm Mix process namely Sasobit, Aspha-Min and Evotherm on M320-Table 2 Performance Grade To Compare the Performance Grades of Warm Mix processes with the base asphalt used in preparing warm mix asphalts 34
Study Approach Experiment Design Base Asphalt PG 70-22 Base Asphalt + 1.5% Sasobit Base Asphalt + 5.26% Aspha-Min Evotherm (emulsion) 35
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO M320 Continuous Performance Grade M320, Table 2 Performance Grade Additive Rate, by wt of binder Base 70.9 24.8 70-22 w/ Sasobit 76.5 22.8 76-22 1.5% w/ Aspha-Min 72.4 24.6 70-22 5.26% Evotherm (recovered per ASTM D 6934) 36 66.6 26.7 64-22
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO 80 64 High Temperature Low Temperature 48 Continuous PG 32 16 70.9 76.5 72.4 0-16 -32 Base Asphalt Sasobit Aspha-min -24.8-22.8-24.6 Asphalt Binders 37
80 64 Hall Street, St. Louis, MO PG Comparison - Evotherm High Temperature Low Temperature 48 Continuous PG 32 16 70.1 68.2 67.6 66.6 0 BASF Method-BASF BASF Method-FHWA British ASTM D6934-16 -32-23.3-25.9-26.6-26.7 Asphalt Binders 38
I-70, Dillon, CO M320 Continuous Performance Grade M320, Table 2 Performance Grade Additive Rate, by wt of binder Base 59.9 30.3 58 28 Sasobit 64.2 29.2 64 22 1.5% Aspha-Min 61.1 30.9 58 28 Advera 60.7 30.4 58-28 4.33% 39 Evotherm No Data Obtained Due to Schedule
I-70, Dillon, CO 80 64 High Temperature Low Temperature 48 Continuous PG 32 16 0-16 -32 59.9 64.2 60.7 61.1 0 Base Sasobit Advera Asphamin Evotherm -30.3-29.2-30.4-30.9 Asphalt Binders 40
East Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WY M320 Continuous Performance Grade M320, Table 2 Performance Grade Additive Rate, by wt. of binder Base 60.2 34.1 58 28 Sasobit 65.1 32.0 64 28 1.5% Advera 61.2 33.2 58 28 5.2% 41
East Entrance Road, Yellowstone, CO 80 64 High Temperature Low Temperature 48 Continuous PG 32 16 0-16 -32 60.2 65.1 61.2 Base Sasobit Advera -34.1-32 -33.2-48 Asphalt Binders 42
Findings Sasobit increase of one high temp. PG grade Aspha-Min - no effect on PG grade Evotherm recovered at BASF, no effect on the PG grade recovered from the stored emulsion, reduced by one high temp. PG grade 43
Findings Emulsion recovery processes had no effect on the PG. The PGs from all three recovery methods were found to be the same ASTM D6934 was found to be the quickest and easiest process to recover the Evotherm residue from emulsion 44
Mixture Characterization Objectives When should WMA performance specimens be tested What are the effects of reheating on WMA performance test properties Approach Immediate Compaction / Immediate Testing Immediate Compaction / Delayed Testing Reheated Compaction and Testing 45
St. Louis Paving Schedule Control (12.5mm PG 70-22) 5/17/06 Sasobit 5/18/06 Sasobit 5/19/06 Evotherm 5/22/06 Evotherm 5/23/06 Aspha-Min 5/25/06 46
Sampling Truck bed every 2 hours of production Volumetric P b Ignition G mm G mb Immediate Testing E* and Fn next day after manufacture TSR and Hamburg (TFHRC) 47
Sampling Truck bed every 2 hours of production Volumetric P b Ignition G mm G mb Delayed Testing E* and Fn testing 2-3 weeks after manufacture TSR and Hamburg (TFHRC) 48
Sampling Reheated compaction and testing conducted by TFHRC 1~2 tons mixture 15 5 gallon buckets SPT; TSR; Hamburg Nelson Gibson - TFHRC 49
Sampling Reheated compaction and testing conducted by TFHRC 1~2 tons mixture 15 5 gallon buckets SPT; TSR; Hamburg Nelson Gibson - TFHRC 50
Superpave Gyratory Compactor 366 specimens fabricated over 6 days 51
Dynamic Modulus (E*) Test Temperatures 4.4º C (40º F) 21.1º C (70º F) 37.8º C (100º F) 54.4º C (130º F) Frequencies 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 Hz 52
Master Curve Arrenhius Fit 25 Hz 5 Hz 1 Hz 0.1 Hz 10000 1000 4.4 C 21.1 C 37.8 C 54.4 C Fit 1.E-10 1.E-08 1.E-06 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 100 10 1 E*, ksi Reduced Time, sec 53
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Control Mixture 100000 10000 Immediate 1000 E*, MPa Delayed 100 Reheated 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 10 54
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Sasobit Mixture 100000 10000 Immediate-280 F Delayed-280 F Reheated-280 F Immediate-240 F Delayed-240 F 1000 100 E*, MPa Reheated-240 F 10 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 55
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Evotherm Emulsion Mixture 100000 10000 Immediate-280 F Delayed-280 F Reheated-280 F Immediate-240 F Delayed-240 F 1000 100 E*, MPa Reheated-240 F 10 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 56
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Aspha-min Mixture 100000 10000 Immediate 1000 E*, MPa Delayed 100 Reheated 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 10 57
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Immediately Compacted Immediately Tested 100000 10000 Control Mix Sasobit 280ºF Sasobit 240ºF Evotherm 280ºF Evotherm 240ºF 1000 100 E*, MPa Aspha-Min 280ºF 10 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 58
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Immediately Compacted Delayed Testing 100000 10000 Control Mix Sasobit 280ºF Sasobit 240ºF Evotherm 280ºF Evotherm 240ºF Aspha-Min 280ºF 1000 100 E*, MPa 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 10 59
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Reheated Compaction Delayed Testing 100000 10000 Control Mix Sasobit 280ºF Sasobit 240ºF Evotherm 280ºF Evotherm 240ºF Aspha-Min 280ºF 1000 100 E*, MPa 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 10 60
I-70, Frisco, CO 100000 E* - Master Curve 10000 1000 E*, MPa Control Mix Advera Sasobit 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 100 10 61
E. Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WY Pb - 5.3%, Mix Design Replication E* - Master Curve 100000 10000 1000 E*, MPa Control Mix Advera 100 Sasobit 10 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 62
E. Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WY Average WMA Production E* - Master Curve 100000 10000 1000 E*, MPa Control Mix Advera 100 Sasobit 10 1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 Reduced Time, sec 63
Flow Number, Fn Test Temperatures LTTPBind, Version 3.1 Software Site pavement temperature @ 50% Reliability Pavement Temperature Pavement Temperature + 6 C Pavement Temperature - 6 C 64
Flow Number, Fn Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Test Temperatures 46º C (115º F) 52º C (126º F) 58º C (136º F) Loading 600 kpa Deviator Stress 0 kpa Confining Pressure 65
66 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Flow Number, Fn Immediate and Delayed Test Specimens 46 C 52 C 58 C Control Sasobit T1 Sasobit T2 Evotherm T1 Evotherm T2 Aspha - Min Control Sasobit T1 Sasobit T2 Evotherm T1 Evotherm T2 Aspha - Min Control Sasobit T1 Sasobit T2 Evotherm T1 Evotherm T2 Aspha - Min Flow Number, cycles
Aspha - Min 67 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Flow Number, Fn Immediate and Delayed Test Specimens 46 C 52 C 58 C Control Sasobit T1 Sasobit T2 Evotherm T1 Evotherm T2 Aspha - Min Control Sasobit T1 Sasobit T2 Evotherm T1 Evotherm T2 Aspha - Min Control Sasobit T1 Sasobit T2 Evotherm T1 Evotherm T2 Total Cycles @ 5% Strain
Flow Number, Fn I-70 - Frisco, CO Test Temperatures 36º C (97º F) 42º C (108º F) 48º C (118º F) Loading 689 kpa (100 psi) Deviator Stress 69 kpa (10 psi) Confining Pressure 68
I-70 Flow Number, Fn 900 800 36 C 42 C 48 C 700 Flow Number, cycles 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Control Advera Sasobit Evotherm 69
I-70 Flow Number, Fn 4000 3500 36 C 42 C 48 C 3000 Total Cycles @ 5% Strain 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Control Advera Sasobit Evotherm 70
Findings Immediate vs. Delayed Testing Evotherm & Aspha-Min Performance testing - delayed after specimen manufacture Sasobit Performance testing can be conducted immediately after specimen manufacture 71
Interstate 70, Dillon, CO Mix Type Lab Property Control 7-24-07 Advera WMA Control 7-26-07 Sasobit Results are from the CDOT QA lab QC results were comparable Control 8-13-07 Evotherm AC (%) Voids (%) VMA (%) TSR (%) Stability 6.23 3.1 16.5 100 36 6.38 1.8 15.7 83 34 6.41 16.5 Hamburg (mm rut) 9.46 9.79 17.31 10.49 10.10 14.86 * Average of other control mix tested on the job. Regardless of Hamburg Rut Depth, Moisture damage more prevalent in the WMA samples than the control samples see following pictures 3.0 *97 35 6.32 2.4 15.9 111 36 6.04 3.6 16.3 94 35 6.38 2.2 15.8 80 34 72 Chart is Courtesy of CODOT
I-70 Hamburg Advera CDOT Hamburg History: 75 gyration mixtures typically fail Hamburg, but fail primarily due to plastic flow rutting rather than stripping/moisture damage CONTROL 9.46 mm *Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT ADVERA 9.79 mm 73
I-70 Hamburg Sasobit CONTROL 17.31 mm *Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT SASOBIT 10.49 mm 74
I-70 Hamburg Evotherm CONTROL 10.10 mm *Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT Evotherm 14.86 mm 75
Yellowstone Hamburg Control - 3.82 mm and 4.00 mm Advera - 3.80 mm and 3.25 mm Sasobit - 3.28 mm and 2.60 mm *All the testing was performed at 40 C wet and reported at 20,000 passes. 76
WMA Technical Working Group (TWG) FHWA / NAPA sponsored Co-Chairs Matthew Corrigan, FHWA Ron White, Industry Represented State DOT AASHTO State APA Labor NCAT NIOSH Hot Mix Asphalt Industry 77
International WMA Conference NAPA, FHWA & AASHTO sponsored November 11-13, 13, 2008 in Nashville, TN Features: Processes Mix Production & Placement Energy consumption Engineering Mix Design State of the Practice Material Properties Future Direction Environmental Performance 78
Warm Mix Asphalt: Best Practices 79 Quality Improvement Series (QIP) 125 Stockpile Moisture Management Burner Adjustments and Efficiency Aggregate Drying and Baghouse Temperatures Drum Slope and Flighting Combustion Air RAP usage Placement Changes 79
WMA European Scan Tour Joint Program w/ FHWA, AASHTO, NCHRP and Industry Publication FHWA-PL-08-007 Scan Final Report Electronic copy.pdf available at 80 80
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