tuin lqyrkuiqj% lekftd fodkl Lrj esa L=h lk{kjrk dk ;ksxnku

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 9, Ver. 6 (September. 2017) PP 07-12 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org tuin lqyrkuiqj% lekftd fodkl Lrj esa L=h lk{kjrk dk ;ksxnku * MkW0 nhirh JhokLro MkW0 jke euksgj yksfg;k vo/k fo ofo ky;] QStkcknAbstract ¼lkjka k½ Corresponding Author: * MkW0 nhirh JhokLro fdlh Hkh lekt dk fuekz.k L=h vksj iq: k ls gksrk gs L=h dh iz/kkurk gksrh gsa D;ksafd L=h tuuh gksrh gsa mldk lk{kj gksuk t:jh gs D;ksafd oks vkus okys ih<+h dks vpns rjhds ls Lkk{kj djsxha Hkkjr esa efgykvksa dh flfkfr lnso,d leku ugha jgh gsa bles a ;qxkuq:i ifjorzu gkssrs jgs gsaa mudh flfkfr es a osfnd ;qx ls ysdj vkt rd mrkj&p<+ko vkrs gsa rfkk muds vf/kdkjksa es a rnkuq:i cnyko Hkh gksrs jgs gsaa 11oha krkcnh ls 19 krkcnh ds chp Hkkjr es a efgykvksa dh flfkfr n;uh; gksrh xbza 20oha lnh ds mrrjk)z vksj vc 21oha lnh ds izkjehk es a cjkcjh O;ogkj okys tksm+s cuus yxs gsaa uksdjh okyh ukjh ds lkfk iq: k dh ekufldrk es a cnyko vk;k gsa olrqr% 21oha lnh efgyk lnh gsa o kz 2001 efgyk l kfdrdj.k o kz ds :i esa euk;k x;ka blesa geus efgykvksa esa lk{kjrk nj rfkk mudk lkekftd fodkl Lrj ij v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa tks fd efgykvksa dk lk{kjrk nj 1961 ¼15-35%½&2001 ¼53-67%½ mrrj izns k ds lqyrkuiqj ftys dh efgykvksa ds e/; dkqh vurj ik;k x;k] efgyk;sa igys ls vf/kd lk{kj ikbz xbza mudk lkekftd fodkl Lrj e/; Lrj ik;k x;ka eq[; k"kk% lk{kjrk nj] lkekftd fodkl nj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 24-08-2017 Date of acceptance: 13-09-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction ¼izLrkouk½ lqyrkuiqj tuin ¼25059*½ mùkjh ls 260040* mùkjh v{kka'k rfkk 81032* iwohz ls 82041* iwohz ns'kkurj xaxk esnku es a iwohz mrrj izns'k ds if'peh Nksj ij QStkckn lehkkx es a flfkfr gsa ;g mrrj esa QStkckn,ao vecsmdjuxj] iwoz es a tksuiqj,oa vktex<+] nf{k.k esa izrkix<+ if'pe es a jk;cjsyh rfkk mrrj&if'pe es a ckjkcadh tuin dh lhek }kjk ifjlhfer gsa bldk {ks=qy 4436-00 oxz fdeh0,oa 32178232 ¼2001½ gsa iz'kklfud n`f"v ls ;g 6 rglhyksa es a uol`ftr rglhy t;flagiqj dk xbu fnlecj 2007 es a fd;k x;k gsa eqlkfqj[kkuk] xksjhxat]vesbh] lqyrkuiqj] dknhiqj rfkk yehkqvk,oa 23 fodkl[k.mksa&'kqdqy cktkj txnh'kiqj] eqlkfqj[kkuk] cynhjk;] tkeksa 'kkx<+] xksjhxat] vesbh] HksVqvk] Hkknj] laxzkeiqj] /kuirxat] dwjshkkj] t;flagiqj] dqm+okj] nwcsiqj] eksfrxjiqj nkslriqj] v[k.muxj] dknhiqj] HknS;k] yehkqvk] izrkiiqj des apk es a fohkdr gsa (Fig. Map of Sultanpur) DOI: 10.9790/0837-2209060712 www.iosrjournals.org 7 Page

Table-1 SL.No. India/State/District Education Level (%) 1- India 53.67 2- Uttar Pradesh 42.22 3- Sultanpur 40.86 (Figures in parenthesis in indicates percentage) lkekftd fodkl dks yksxksa dh cnyrh,oa c<rh gqbz vko';drkvksa ds lanhkz esa orzeku lkekftd O;OkLFkk dh {kerk ds muu;u gsrq fu;ksftr :ijs[kk ds dk;z;kstuk ds :i es a ifjhkkf"kr fd;k x;k gsa lkekftd fodkl,d vyx,oa Lora= vflrro okyk fodkl ugh] cfyd fodkl ds vk;keksa ds lekftd i{k,d la{kfir :Ik gsa lkekftd fodkl dks lalfkkxr fodkl ds i;kz; ds :i es a iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gs] tks ekuo dh vko';drkvksa] lekftd O;oLFkkvksa vksj dk;zøeksa dks csgrj n'kkvksa esa ykus ds fy, lalfkkxr ifjorzu dh izfø;k ds :i es a iz;qdr fd;k tkrk gsa ¼Sharma P.N. & Shastry ; 1984½ lekftd fodkl thou dh xq.korrk ls lecfu/kr gsa thou dh xq.korrk dk rkri;z ml izdkj ds thou Lrj ls gsa ; ftles a ekuo thou dh eksfyd vko';drkvksa tsls Hkkstu] ol=] vkokl f'k{kk] LokLF; ds lkfk gh mpp vko';drkvksa tsls euksjatu vkfn dh vkiwfrz gksrh gsa ;fn thou dh xq.korrkk dk Lrj Å pk gks rks lekftd Lrj Hkh Å pk gksxk lkfk gh lekftd Lrj Å pk gksus ij thou Lrj Hkh Å pk gksxka fdlh {ks= dk lekftd fodkl ogkw ds yksxksa ds thou dh xq.korrk esa ifjyf{kr gksrk gsa ¼Karar H.E. ; 1999½A lkekftd fodkl Lrj dk vakdyu ogkw ds yksxks dh dk;z{kerk] dk;zjr O;fDRk;ksa dh f}rh;d,oa r`rh;d dk;ksz es a layxu lk{kjrk,oa 'ksf{kd Lrj] iks"k.k Lrj] izfr O;fDr vftzr vk;] thou izr;k'kk uxjh; ds vuqikr vkfn }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa lekfuor :i es a Hkh lhkh rro thou dh xq.korrk dks izhkkfor djrs gsa vr% euq"; dh n{krk vksj vfhkyk"kk dks vyx j[kdj fodkl ds ckjs esa lkspk ugha tk ldrka vyi fodflr fo'o esa tual[;k izfr:i fodkl dh lel;k dk g`n; gsa ¼Gosal & Krishanan ; 1984½ Table-2 Øa- fodkl[k.m dqy es a eq[; dk;zjr dqy fl=;ksa esa uxjh; es a vu; lk{kj fl=;ksa dk dk dqy eq[; dk;zjr dk lsokvksa esa layxu dk dqy esa lk{kj dk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. 'kqdqy cktkj 0 19.94 16.84 31.55 20.57 2. txnh'kiqj 0 20.06 32.30 38.26 26.50 3. eqlkfqj[kkuk 6.8 22.16 18.37 39.87 27.35 4. cynhjk; 0 22.03 20.75 43.16 30.67 5. tkeksa 0 24.01 12.62 37.73 25.56 6. 'kkgx<+ 0 22.90 13.46 43.49 30.83 7. xksjhxat 0 22.79 17.09 41.69 29.44 8. vesbh 10.82 20.93 22.65 48.00 35.40 9. HksVqvk 6.66 24.73 14.97 45.48 32.40 10. Hkknj 0 19.75 19.67 46.72 34.33 11. laxzkeiqj 0 19.99 19.47 48.22 35.47 12. /kuirxat 0 21.59 16.31 46.70 34.07 13. dwjshkkj 0 20.21 28.22 46.66 34.39 14. t;flagiqj 0 21.51 16.93 45.12 33.32 15. dqm+okj 0 21.61 22.69 46.54 33.98 16. nwcsiqj 33.03 20.55 31.63 47.74 35.40 17. eksfrxjiqj 0 20.21 17.38 45.70 34.33 18. nkslriqj 9.94 21.72 13.39 43.33 32.21 19. v[k.muxj 0 21.46 12.23 44.35 33.14 20. dknhiqj 3.92 21.90 17.03 46.42 35.22 21. HknSa;k 0 19.38 27.44 45.96 33.33 22. yehkqvk 0 17.98 18.34 44.45 32.54 23. ih0ih0 desapk 6.11 19.69 18.84 45.99 34.16 ;ksx vkslr 4.74 21.09 20.10 43.98 31.92 DOI: 10.9790/0837-2209060712 www.iosrjournals.org 8 Page

as tuin lqyrkuiqj% lekftd fodkl Lrj esa L=h lk{kjrk dk ;ksxnku ¼lkekftd fodkl ds lwpd½ L=h f'k{kk%& fl=;k gekjs lekt dh egroiw.kz vax gsa os x`fg.kh ds :i es a cppksa dk ikyu djrh gs rfkk mudks i<+krh gsa bl izdkj L=h lk{kjrk dk dkqh egro gsa efgykvksa ds fodkl esa dqn ljdkjh dk;zøeksa dk ;ksxnku& 1- efgyk l kfdrdj.k dh jk Vªh; uhfr ¼20, March 2001½ 2- jktho xk /kh fd kksjh l kfdrdj.k Ldhe&lcyk ¼2010-11½ 3- bfunjk xk /kh ekr`ro lg;ksx ;kstuk ¼2010-11½ 4- jk Vªh; efgyk l kfdrdj.k fe ku ¼8, March 2010½ 5- efgykvksa dh f k{kk ds fy;s d.msal ikb~;øe ¼1958½ 6- xzkeh.k,oa fu/kzu efgykvksa ds fy, tkx`fr fodkl ifj;kstuk,a ¼1987-88½ 7- lkekftd vkffkzd dk;zøe&¼1958½ ifjokj dks lhfer j[kus ds fy, Hkh budh lk{kjrk vko';d gsa L=h f'k{kk ls fdlh {ks= ds lekftd Lrj dk ladsr feyrk gsa lekt ds fodkl esa lhkh i{kksa esa fl=;ksa dh Hkwfedk vge~ gksrh gsa D;ksafd blls,d vksj tgkw iqu:riknd O;ogkdj es a lkfkzd vurj vkrk gsa ogh nwljha vksj L=h f'k{kk dk izr;{k :i ls cppksa dh f'k{kk ij izhkko im+rk gsa xzkeh.k efgykvksa esa orzeku lk{kjrk nj dk Lrj mbkus] tue nj dks de djus es a,d Li"V lekftd fodkl rro ds :i esa eku fy;k tkrk gsa ¼Yadav Madhu & Yadav H.L. ; 1995½ xzkeh.k {ks=ksa es a L=h lk{kkjrk nj dks tukafddh fodkl ds lokszrre lwpd ds :i es a tkuk tkrk gsa D;ksafd bldk lh/kk izhkko fookg dh mez f'k'kq e`r;q] iztuurk,oa ifjokj fu;kstu ij im+rk Gsa II. Methodology ¼fØ;k fo/kh½ bl v/;;u es a lk{kkjrk ij o kz 2001 dh tux.kuk ls lqyrkuiqj dh lk{kjrk dk vkadyu fd;k x;k gsa lqyrkuiqj esa dqy 23 Cykd gsa bl v/;;u esa lqyrkuiqj ds 23 Cykd fy;s x;s gsaa bles a geus 2001 dh x.kuk ls L=h lk{kkjrk nj Kkr fd;k gs vksj bu nks eq[; iqlrdksa dh lgk;rk ls& 1- Spatial Perspective On Progress of female Literacy in India (Krishan G. & Madhav Shyam; 1973). 2- Female Literacy & Rural Development in U.P. (Yadav Madhu & Yadav H.L.; 1995) III. Result & Discussion ¼ifj.kke,oa ifjppkz½ ¼cksl] 1992½ vr,o lekftd fodkl Lrj ds fu/kkzj.k es a blds egro dks ns[krs gq, L=h lk{kkjrk ¼dqy xzkeh.k fl=;ksa esa lk{kj fl=;ksa½ ds vuqikr esa vkadyu fd;k x;k gsa Table-1 o kz xzkeh.k fl=;ksa dh lk{kjrk nj ¼%½ 1961 2.96 1971 6.18 1981 8.61 1991 16.74 2001 3.92 ¼o kz ds vuqlkj xzkeh.k fl=;ksa esa lk{kj fl=;ksa dk izfr kr½ a a v/;;u {ks= es o"kz 1961] 1971] 1981,oa 19911 es xzkeh.k fl=;ksa dh lk{kkjrk dk vuqikr Øe'k% 2-96 6-18 8-61 rfkk 16-74 Fkk tks 2001 esa c<+dj 31-92 gks x;k gsa Table-2 Js.kh lk{kj fl=;kw es fodkl [k.m la[;k e/;e mpp 33.76 ls vf/kd 10 43.48 e/;e 30.07-33.76 8 34.78 e/;e fueu 26.38-30.07 3 13.04 fueu 22.6-26.38 1 4.35 vfr fueu 22-69 ls de 1 4.35 ¼Js.kh ds vuqlkj dqy xzkeh.k fl=;ksa esa lk{kj fl=;ksa dk 2001½ rkfydk&2,oa fp=&, ds v/;;u ds LIk"V gsa fd vuqøerk dh e/;e mpp Js.kh ds vurxzr lokzf/kd 10 vfkkzr 43-48 fodkl[k.m lfeefyr gsa e/;e Js.kh ds vurxzr 8 fodkl [k.m lfeefyr gsa e/;e fukeu Js.kh ds vurxzr xksjhxat ¼29-44 ½ eqlkfqj[kkuk ¼27-35½ txnh'kiqj ¼26-50 ½ fueu Js.kh ds vurxzr tkeksa ¼25-56- ½ rfkk vfr fueu Js.kh ds vurxzr 'kqdqy cktkj fodkl[k.m ¼20-57½ lfeefyr gsa ;s lhkh fodkl[k.m v/;;u {ks= ds if'peh Hkkx es a forfjr gs] tgkw vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh vf/kdrk] 'ks{kf.kd] lqfo/kkvksa dh deh] ifjogu,oa lapkj lk/kuksa dh deh ds dkj.k L=h lk{kjrk vyi gsa DOI: 10.9790/0837-2209060712 www.iosrjournals.org 9 Page

(Percentage of total female population-2001) ( Level of social Development ) ; fi fd xzkeh.k iq:"kksa dh vis{kk xzkeh.k fl=;ksa dh lk{kjrk dh o`f) dk vuqikr vf/kd gs] ysfdu vc Hkh xzkeh.k iq:"kksa ¼55-85½ dh vis{kk xzkeh.k fl=;ksa ¼31-93½ dh lk{kjrk vyi gsa iq:"kksa dh vis{kk fl=;ksa esa lk{kjrk dh vyirk dk dkj.k f'k{kk ds fy, ckfydkvksa dh rqyuk es a ckydks dks vf/kd ojh;rk nsuk gsa ¼Krishnan G.N. & Madhav Shyam; 1939½ fl=;ksa dks ifjlapj.k ij vojks/k] cky&fookg muds fy, i`fkd f'k{kk lalfkkvksa dk vhkko] mudh f'k{kk es a,d cm+k vojks/k gsa lkeku;r% ns'k ds cgqr ls Hkkxksa esa ckfydk;sa vius ekrk&firk dh mis{kk dh f'kdkj gks jgh gsa ;gh n'kk mudh f'k{kk es a Hkh gsa xkwo ds vunj ;k ckgj mudk ifjlapj.k cgqr de FkkA vc Hkh fdlh ckfydk dks fdlh lehiorhz xzke ds fo ky; es a Hkstuk lqjf{kr ugha le>k tkrk gsa ¼Gosal; 1985½ L=h f'k{kk dh vyirk dk,d izeq[k dkj.k L=h f'k{kk ds fo:) Hkko] vfkkzr dk;zdkjh mikns;rk dk u gksuk Hkh gsa orzeku le; es a ljdkj] lekt,oa ifjokj ds }kjk L=h lk{kjrk dks izksrlkgu fn;k tk jgk gsa ftlls iq:"k vksj L=h lk{kjrk dk vurjky Hkh de gksrk tk jgk gsa fl=;ksa dh lk{kjrk nj es a vf/kd o`f) dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gs fd mudh lk{kjrk cgqr fueu gsa lkfk gh xzkeh.k {ks=ksa es a f'k{kk lalfkkvksa dks izlkj gqvk gsa Qyr% L=h v/;fidkvksa dh la[;k es a o`f) gqbz gsa ftldk L=h f'k{kk izlkj es a egroiw.kz ;ksxnku gsa lkfk gh c<rh lekftd psruk vksj c<+rh iq:"k lk{kjrk ds dkj.k L=h lk{kjrk dks lecy feyk gsa D;skafd L=h lk{kjrk vkt osokfgd vko';drk curh tk jgh gsa ¼Chandana R.C. ; 1995½ DOI: 10.9790/0837-2209060712 www.iosrjournals.org 10 Page

a Table No.-3 Øa- fodkl[k.m dqy dqy eq[; dk;zjr dqy dqy fl=;ksa ;ksx esa uxjh; eq[; dk;zjr esa vu; lsokvks esa layxu esa lk{kj esa lk{kj fl=;ksa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 'kqdqy cktkj -0.65-0.75-0.58-3.20-3.07-8.25 2. txnh'kiqj -0.65-0.67 2.19-1.47-1.47-2.07 3. eqlkfqj[kkuk -0.21 0.69-0.31-1.06-1.24-1.71 a 4. cynhjk; -0.65 0.61 0.12-0.21-0.34-0.47 5. tkeks -0.65 1.91-1.34-1.61-1.72-3.41 6. 'kkgx<+ -0.65 1.18-1.19-0.13-0.29-1.08 7. xksjhxat -0.65 1.11-0.54-0.59-0.67-1.34 8. vesbh -0.83-0.10 0.46 1.04 0.94 3.17 9. HksVqvk -0.26 2.38-0.92 0.39 0.13 2.24 10. Hkknj -0.65-0.87-0.08 0.71 0.65-0.24 11. laxzkeiqj -0.65-0.72-0.11 1.09 0.96 0.57 12. /kuirxat -0.65 0.33-0.68 0.70 0.58 0.28 13. dwjshkkj -0.65-0.57 1.45 0.69 0.67 1.59 14. t;flagiqj -0.65 0.27-0.57 0.29 0.38-0.28 15. dqm+okj -0.65 0.34 0.46 0.66 0.56 1.37 16. nwcsiqj 3.86-0.35 2.07 0.97 0.94 7.49 17. eksfrxjiqj -0.65-0.57-0.49 0.44 0.65-0.62 18. nkslriqj -0.71 0.41-1.20-0.17 0.08-0.17 19. v[k.muxj -0.65 0.24-1.41 0.09 0.33-1.40 20. dknhiqj -0.11 0.53-0.55 0.63 0.89 1.39 21. HknSa;k -0.65-1.12 1.31 0.51 0.38 0.43 22. yehkqvk -0.65-2.03-0.31 0.12 0.17-2.70 23. izrkiiqjdesapk 0.19-0.91-0.22 0.52 0.58 0.16 ¼lkekftd fodkl ds lwpdksa dk ekud yc/kkad½ v/;;u {ks= ds lkekftd fodkl Lrj dks Kkr djus ds fy, 5 lwpdksa dqy tual[;k es a uxjh; dk ] dqy tual[;k es a eq[; dk;zjr tual[;k dk ] eq[; dk;zjr es a vu; lsokvksa esa laykxu dk dqy esa lk{kkjr dk rfkk dqy fl=;ksa es a lk{kj fl=;ksa lk{kj fl=;ksa dk dk fy;k x;k gs izr;sd fodkl [k.m Lrj ij bu lwpdksa ds ekud ykc/kakd dh x.kuk dks tksm+dj rfkk oxhzd`r dj lkekftd fodkl Lrj dk Kkr fd;k x;k gsa fodkl [k.m Lrj ij dqy vf/kdre ekud yc/kkad $ 7-49 rfkk U;wure ekud yc/kkad&8-25 fo'ys"k.k gsrq bls 5 Jsf.k;ksa es a fohkdr fd;k x;k gs rfkk fodkl [k.m Lrj ij dqy fl=;ks aesa lk{kj fl=;ksa dk vf/kdre ekud yc/kkad 3-07 gs tks fd kqdqy cktj dk gs] vksj U;wure ekud yc/kkad 0-08 gs tks nkslriqj dk gsa blls ;g Kkr gksrk gs fd kqdqy cktkj Cykd esa fl=;ka lcls vf/kd lk{kj gsa vksj U;wure lk{kj nkslriqj Cykd dh fl=;ka gsaa IV. Conclusion ¼fu"d kz½ bl v/;;u ls ;g fu d kz fudyrk gs fd efgykvksa dh lk{kjrk nj es a o kz 1961 ls ysdj 2001 ds e/; dkqh vkf/kd cnyko ik;k x;k gsa efgykvksa dk thou Lrj muds f k{kk Lrj ds vuqlkj gksrk Fkk] tsls&tsls mudk f k{kk Lrj c<+rk x;k osls&osls gh muds lkekftd fodkl Lrj es a Hkh vurj ik;k x;k gsa tks fd vc ds v/;;u ds eqrkfcd T;knkrj efgyk;sa e/; Lrj ls leidz djrh gsaa lqyrkuiqj es a Cykd ds vuqlkj ns[kk tk;s rks efgykvksa dk lcls vf/kdre lk{kjrk nj kqdqy cktkj Cykd es a ik;k x;k gsa ftldk ekud yc/kkad 3-07 gs vksj U;wure lk{kjrk ij nkslriqj Cykd esa ik;k x;k gsa ftldk ekud yc/kkad 0-08 gsa Reference ¼lUnHkZ xzufk lwph½ [1]. Chandna, R.C.(1995) : op, cit, 228 [2]. Chandna, R.C.(1995) : op, cit, p, 237 [3]. Davis, kingsley, (1967): The origin and Growth of urbanisation in the world, in Mayor, H.M. and Cohn, C.F. (eds), Redings in Urban Geography, University of Chieago, Chieago, p, 59. [4]. Ganier J.B. (1978) : Geography of population, Longman, London, p, 291. [5]. Gosal, G.S. (1985): Spatial Perspective on Literacy in India. in Sundarm, K.V. and Nangiya, Sudish, (eds) Population Geography; Heritage Publishers, New Delhi, p, 270. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2209060712 www.iosrjournals.org 11 Page

[6]. Gosal, G.S. and Kishan G. (1984) : Regional Disparities in levels of Socio-economic Development in Punjab Vishal Publications, Kurushketra, p, 117. [7]. Gosal, G.S. and Krishan G. (1984) : op, cit, p,122. [8]. Gupt, Ravindra (1981): District Cenus Handbook, Uttar Pradesh, Distt Sultanpur, Part XIII-B, Primary Census, Census, Abstract, p-xii. [9]. Krishan G. and Madhav, Shyam (1973) : Spatial Perspective on Progress of Female Literacy in India, 1901-1971 : Pacific viewpoint, vol, 14, p,204. [10]. Sharma, P.N. & Shastry, C, (1984) : Social Planning concepts and Techiques. Print House, Lucknow, pp, 18-19 [11]. Yadav, Madhu & Yadav H.L. (1995): Female Literacy and rural development in U.P. U.B.B.P. Gorakhpur, Vol. 30, p,83. Website Reference : 1- http:// www.vivacepanorama.com/womens-dvelopment-plans-and-programs/ 2- http://www.rachankar.org/ms/2015/08/blog--post_580.htm/?m=1 IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) is UGC approved Journal with Sl. No. 5070, Journal no. 49323. MkW0 nhirh JhokLro. Tuin lqyrkuiqj% lekftd fodkl Lrj esa L=h lk{kjrk dk ;Ksxnku. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHS), vol. 22, no. 9, 2017, pp. 07 12. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2209060712 www.iosrjournals.org 12 Page