Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050 1 Ever-better Cars Challenge 1,2 2 Ever-better Manufacturing 3 Enriching Lives of Communities
Challenge 1: New Vehicle Zero CO2 Emissions Challenge
Forecast international climate change Annual greenhouse gas emissions (1,000 Tg CO2 Eq./year) 140 120 Baseline scenario (+3.7~4.8 ) (RCP8.5) 100 80 60 40 20 Below 2 scenario (RCP2.6) 0 20 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Full-scale initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions Zero or less Source: From the IPCC Working Group III 5th Assessment Report (2014) Regarding GHG emissions, there is no time to lose
Challenge 1: New Vehicle Zero CO2 Emissions Challenge Average new vehicle CO2 (TtW) 90% reduction 2010 2050 90% reduction of new vehicle CO2 emissions by 2050 compared to 2010
Development of next generation vehicles Sales Volume Engine HV PHV FCV EV 2010 2020 2050 Next generation vehicles to accelerate technological development to follow market expansion of HV
Cooperation with stakeholders Governments Energy suppliers New Vehicle Zero CO2 Challenge Customers Automotive companies New Vehicle Zero CO2 Challenge in cooperation with stakeholders
CO2 reduction initiatives Energy saving Engine Reduced use of fossil fuels HV CO2 PHV reduction Energy diversity EV Renewable energy CO2-free hydrogen FCV Short-mid term to promote energy saving
Powertrain with improved efficiency Improved (%) Engine thermal efficiency Diesel Hybrid Gasoline thermal efficiency 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2050 Aiming for further engine improvement in thermal
HV: Lineup Compact Medium Large/ Premium SUV Minivan Commercial HV lineups for all categories
HV: Sales Cumulative (million) 9 Sales (per year) 8 million Per year (million) 1.8 8 Sales (cumulative) 1.6 7 1.4 6 1.2 5 5 M 1.0 4 3 3 M 0.8 0.6 2 1 1 M 0.4 0.2 0 0 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 (January to July) More than 8 million HVs in world wide cumulative sales in 2015
HV: Sales Cumulative (million) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sales (per year) Sales (cumulative) 1 M 0 0 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 (January to July) 0 0 3 M 5 M 8 million Per year (million) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 10 20 30 40 50 CO2 reduction amount (per year) CO2 reduction amount (cumulative) 2 4 6 8 10 60 Cumulative (million t) 58 million t 12 (million t/year) 58 million tons of cumulative CO2 reduction compared to same class gasoline vehicles
HV technology evolution (Target:40) Fuel efficiency (km/l) 29.6 35.5 32.6 38.0 JC08 cycle 10-15 cycle Japanese test cycle 28.0 HV system cost First-generation Prius Second-generation Prius Current Prius Next-generation Prius HV technology significantly evolved in fuel efficiency with reduced cost
Advanced fuel efficiency technology of nextgeneration Prius 1. High efficiency/low fuel consumption engine 2. Hybrid system Downsized/light weight, reduced loss 40% of maximum thermal efficiency High rotation motor Stator Rotor 2ZR-FXE 3. Improved aerodynamics Aerodynamic coefficient (in Cd): 0.24 Battery Lithium ion battery Transaxle &PCU Nickel metal hydride battery Transaxle PCU Next generation Prius is a compilation of world top fuel efficiency technologies
Cumulative sales of HV (million) 15 2020 target Cumulative 15 million HVs 8 1 0 1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2050 HV target cumulative 15 millions in 2020, to lead next generation vehicles
CO2 reduction initiatives Energy saving Engine Reduced use of fossil fuels HV CO2 PHV reduction Energy diversity EV Renewable energy CO2-free hydrogen FCV Renewable energy, CO2 free hydrogen for further reduction
Application of hybrid technology PHV HV EV FCV HV technology is a core technology included in next generation vehicles
Fuel diversity and uses HV/PHV FCV Vehicle size EV Delivery vehicle EV Short-distance commuter vehicle Personal mobility Passenger car HV PHV FCV Route bus FCV(BUS) Full-size truck Home delivery truck Travel distance Fuel Electricity Gasoline, diesel, biofuels, CNG, synthetic fuels, etc. Hydrogen EV: Short-distance, HV & PHV: Wide-use, FCV: Medium-to-long distance
Development of next generation batteries Output density (W/L) 10000 8000 6000 4000 High capacity Li-ion battery All solid battery Innovative battery Sakichi battery 2000 Current (Research) Target Target (Metal air battery, etc) 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 10000 Energy density (Wh/L) Develop next generation battery as a key for electrified vehicles to expand
Development of next generation power semiconductor 10% increase in fuel efficiency (Target) Power semiconductor Silicone (current) SiC(future) Transistor Diode Power module Downsized PCU (1/5 in volume (target) Power control unit (PCU) Aim 10% increase in fuel efficiency, 1/5 downsized in volume
Use of hydrogen: FCV Volume production FCV MIRAI Japan launch in 2014 Europe, in September, US in October, 2015
Advantages of FCV Energy diversity Hydrogen sourced from a wide variety of primary energy Zero emissions Zero tailpipe CO2 Fun to drive Electric motor enables smooth, quiet driving Usage Range (gasoline equivalent Refueling (about 3 minutes) Excellent acceleration at start to low/mid speed Power supply (emergency use) High capacity
Development of MIRAI High pressure FC stack hydrogen tank Innovative flow channel structure and Electrodes of cells for higher output Output/volume; 3.1kW/L world top level The light weight structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic enabled Storage; 5.7 wt%* world top level Humidifier less FC boost converter Internal circulation Reduced number of cells in FC stack Common use of hybrid units FC main components developed in-house to achieve world leading performance *Hydrogen mass/tank mass
Cost reduction of FCV FC technology FC stack High-pressure hydrogen tanks FC system cost FCHV-adv (2008) 1/20 or less (2014) Further Cost reduction Limited introduction Start penetration Popularization Power control unit Motor Battery HV technology Apply HV technology to accelerate cost reduction
FCV market penetration initiatives About 5,680 FCV related Toyota patent Item Number of patents to be free Free use period FC stack Approx. 1,970 High-pressure hydrogen tanks Approx. 290 Until the end of 2020 FC system control Approx. 3,350 Hydrogen station Approx. 70 No expiration Announcement at CES on January 6 by TMS SVP Bob Carter Toyota share all patents for free to accelerate the spread of FCV
FCV market penetration initiatives 3 automakers; Toyota, Nissan, Honda started cooperative promotion of supporting hydrogen station operation until around 2020 1) Support operational cost 2) Refueling network Customer services/convenience Communication for understanding of FCV and hydrogen Support to accelerate preparation of hydrogen stations
Various approaches of Toyota group TOYOTA FCV HINO FC bus Toyota Auto Loom folk lift Aisin Seiki Household fuel cell system Not only FCV but also Toyota group activities to promote hydrogen use
FCV market penetration initiatives FCV sales volume Global : More than 30,000/year around 2020 and later Japan : Approx. 1,000/month around 2020 1X,000/year @2020 and later FC bus introduction to start in FY 2016 for Tokyo, etc 100 or more by 2020 for Tokyo Olympics/Paralympics
Future development of next generation vehicles Sales Volume Engine HV PHV FCV EV 2010 2020 2050 Accelerate next generation vehicle development toward 90% CO2 reduction
Challenge 2 Life Cycle Zero CO2
Challenge 2: Life Cycle Zero CO2 Disposal/recycling Maintenance Specific parts for next generation vehicles increase CO2 Driving Fuel production Parts/vehicle production Material production Gasoline vehicles HV MIRAI (New generation Vehicles) Zero In the future Next generation vehicle approaches zero CO2 during driving however, steps back in material, parts/vehicle production
Challenge 2: Life Cycle Zero CO2 Life cycle Material production Parts/Vehicle production Driving/ Fuel production Disposal/ Recycling Vehicle materials Next Generation Vehicle Specific materials CO2 emissions during material production Steel Aluminum PP Carbon fiber Platinum CO2/Kg 0 10 20 30 0 2000 4000 6000 Develop and more use of low CO2 material Reduced material use Reduced number of parts New materials and recycling materials CO2 per mass Aluminum (New) Aluminum (Recycled) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Recycle bio material Kg-CO2/Kg Better dismantle ability design Enrich and accelerate environmental friendly design considering materials
Challenge 2: Life Cycle Zero CO2 Current life cycle CO2 Maintenance Disposal 2050 life cycle CO2 Maintenance Disposal Future life cycle CO2 to be Zero Parts/ Vehicle production Parts/ Vehicle production Material production Driving/ Fuel production Material production Driving/ Fuel production Continuous challenge toward the future Zero life cycle CO2
Striving for Ever-better cars Fossil fuels Renewable energy CO2 free hydrogen High durability vehicle HV FCV FC folk lift FC bus Roomy/multipurpose vehicle PHV EV Zero for all vehicles used in all regions all over the world