Device for Measuring Solid Particle Number Concentration from Combustion Sources TSI Nanoparticle Emission Tester Model 3795 Cambridge Particle Meeting 2015 Mark Crooks TSI Instruments Ltd Aaron Avenido, Jason Johnson, Hans-Georg Horn, Brian Osmondson TSI Incorporated Shoreview, MN, USA
Todays presentation + Motivation + Product description Integral parts Operation Specifications + In use + Results + Summary 2
Motivation + Concentrations of particulate matter in modern engine exhaust is low due to the use of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) + DPFs can fail in the field + Swiss Regulation 941.242 Mandates in-use testing of non-road mobile machinery DPFs + Problem: Detecting DPF failure is challenging for field mass/opacity based systems + Solution: Measurement of solid particle number concentration 3
Why solid particle number concentration? + Condensation of semi-volatile exhaust components can greatly affect particle size and number concentrations + Dependent on dilution conditions Dilution ratio Concentrations of semi-volatiles Temperature Residence time + Solid particles are not easily affected by ambient dilution conditions Abdul-Khalek et al., SAE International, 1999 4
Methods of removing volatile particulate matter + Volatile particle removal (VPR) tube Evaporates volatile material Uses secondary dilution to prevent re-condensation + Thermal denuder Evaporates volatile material Volatiles adsorb into activated carbon + Catalytic stripper Evaporates volatile material Volatiles are oxidized using a catalyst to prevent them from re-condensing 5
Catalytic stripper performance 50 nm GMD, polydisperse tetracontane (C 40 H 82 ) 6
Volatile particle removal efficiency 7
Solid particle detection efficiency 8
System diagram 9
Concentration Linearity 3795 NPET and 3790A EECPC 80 nm GMD, polydisperse CAST generated soot 10
Concentration Linearity (log scale) 3795 NPET and 3790A EECPC 80 nm GMD, polydisperse CAST generated soot 11
Technical Specifications Overview + Detection Efficiency: <30% at 23 nm >65% at 41 nm >90% at 80 nm 100% at 200 nm + Concentration Range 1000 to 5x10 6 cm -3 + Response Time T 10-90 =4 ± 0.5 s T 0-90 =8 ± 0.5 s + Volatile Particle Removal >99% for 30 nm tetracontane (C 40 H 82 ) + Environmental Operating Conditions Temperature : -10 C to 40 C Pressure : 70 to 106 kpa Sample Inlet temperature: <300 C 12
General Measurement Mode 13
Official Operation Mode General Mode 14
Test Setup at UMN 15
Engine Tests at UMN Engine Startup (DPF Out) 16
General Operation Mode + Combustion source emissions research Engine exhaust, stack emissions, wood stoves, waste incinerators boilers, etc. Screen shot and example data from general test mode measuring the startup emissions of a A770 Bobcat loader. 17
Field Testing Large Excavator (built 2013), 4 L engine, DPF 18
Concrete Paver NPET 19
Roller Compactor High Idle Mode Machine passes official measurement under all conditions Load Conditions 20
Outlook From TEHAG we will get measuremt protocols done with the existing Opacimeters: We would like to get a better understanding at what conc. Level Opacimeters are a noise level. What PN correlates to a Opacimeter result of 0.01? TSI 21
3795 NPET Travels fast! - NOSA in Finland - VERT Forum in Switzerland - EPA ultrafine workshop in USA - Field measurements in Chile, China, Korea, Japan - CRC Real World Emissions 2015 Workshop in USA - Taxi measurements by Dr. Axel Friedrich in Germany - Propulsion & Emissions Conference in Germany - 20 vehicle evaluation by TÜV Nord in Germany
Imad Khalek s (SwRI) Particle Leak Sniffer World s 1 st NPET! http://www.swri.org/4org/ae/partleak.htm 23
Summary + Device for measuring total solid particle number concentration + Designed for field/portable use + Performance evaluated Heavy duty diesel engines in the field Light duty diesel engine on dynamometer Comparison with minicast generated soot aerosol + Good agreement with established technology Not PMP compliant 24
Video Thank you for your attention! http://youtu.be/v1ruw3fvp8u 25