Super grids, Benefits and Challenges EPCC 13, May 17-20, 2015 Bled, Slovenia Patrick Panciatici RTE (France), patrick.panciatici@rte-france.com
SuperGrids:Benefits? & Challenges? Context and expected benefits Towards a low carbon economy between Microgrids and Global Grid Challenges? Technical, Organizational, Economic, Social and Political Discussion 2
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4 Europe: Electric Highways an Overlay on top of existing grids?
5 USA: a national transmission overlay? (James D. McCalley)
The Global Grid: an academic vision? Spyros Chatzivasileiadisa (ETHZ), Damien Ernst (ULG), Goran Anderssona (ETHZ) http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~ernst/uploads/news/id140/global_grid_rene_final.pdf 6
The Global Grid: an Chinese Strategic Plan? Last IEEE PES GM: Liu Zhenya, Chairman of State Grid Corporation of China Global Energy Internet Roadmap for Sustainable Development of Human Being https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ai9e5zg0dwc 7
8 The Global Grid: an Chinese Strategic Plan? Global Energy Internet Map
SuperGrids: Challenges? Long distances and large power requirements HVDC technology Costly investments New long term planning methodologies: Modular approach Cost/benefits analysis: generation and grid Numerous challenges: technical, organizational, economic, social and political. 9
SuperGrids: Technical challenges? Meshed HVDC Grids Impossible to disconnect an entire powerful HVDC grid ( > 5 GW) in case of a single fault Open issue: fast detection and isolation of faulty components? Interoperability and standards?, Components of the HVDC grid should be provided by different vendors Reliability criteria: N-1 perhaps too costly? What else? SPS using generation curtailment and DSM? but Reliability of DSM (firmness)? 10
SuperGrids: Organizational challenges? Coordination between TSOs which control areas connected through the SuperGrid? Possibly not neighbors in the underlined existing grid? In case of emergency, fast actions of coordinated SPS? ICT solutions without changing the organization? A dedicated system operator for the Supergrid, itself? Acceptability? Subsidiary of TSOs? Operational links with the TSOs and Markets? SG-SO Markets or SG-SO TSOs Markets Just a SO not a TSO, multiple TOs including merchant lines? 11
SuperGrids: Economic challenges? Integration of Supergrid in Market Flexible, based on AC/DC converters Injections of the HVDC Supergrid in the AC grids could be optimized to clear the market if the underlined markets are regional and decoupled, a upper layer should be required (market coupling?) The link between electricity markets and grid capacities should be completely revisited. HVDC Supergrid are not AC grids, the flows could be controlled and not imposed only by physical laws. 12
SuperGrids: societal challenges? Social acceptance of large grid infrastructures? local impacts for a global benefit, less efficient local solutions requiring less grid infrastructures could be more acceptable for the general public, BIMBY (Batteries In My Backyard) and/or (PVOMR) PV panels On My Roof Competition or Complementary between zero energy homes / micro grids and Supergrid? 13
SuperGrids: political and regulatory challenges? Continental grids crossing borders? Energy policy remains a mainly national/state question Grid infrastructures should bring a local direct benefit Impossible to cross a state without connection points A state could be afraid to be too much dependent on external electrical supplies Regulatory issues: Supergrid requires huge investments with a long term return. Is it still possible to perform separately Generation and Grid Planning? and a modular (step by step) approach? Could we image a market design leading to long term optimal generation and grid capacities over very large regions crossing borders. 14
+ THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! 15