North Carolina State University Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering Construction Safety Lecture 18 North Carolina State University Cranes and Derricks Subpart N Cranes and Derricks 29 CFR 1926.550 Objectives This presentation will address: OSHA s minimum requirements for cranes in construction. Setup, operation, and inspection of cranes. Hazard identification. Abatement methods. 1
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(1) Employer must comply with manufacturer s specifications and limitation applicable to operation of cranes. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(1) Attachments used with cranes must not exceed the capacity, rating, or scope recommended by the manufacturer. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(2) Rated load capacities must be conspicuously posted on all equipment and visible to the operator at his control station. 2
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(5) Competent person must inspect machinery and equipment prior to use. Deficiencies must be repaired or defective parts replaced before use. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(6) Thorough annual inspection of hoisting machinery must be made by competent person, or US DOL recognized accredited agency. 3
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(6) Record of dates and results of inspection must be maintained. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(7) Wire rope taken out of service when: Running ropes 6 randomly broken wires in one lay or 3 broken wires in one strand in one lay. Wear, kinking, crushing, bird caging, heat damage. Standing ropes 2 broken wires in one lay or 1 broken wire at an end connection. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(8) Moving parts or equipment must be guarded if exposed parts can be contacted by employees. 4
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(9) Accessible areas within the swing radius of the rotating superstructure must be barricaded. Prevent employee from being struck or crushed by the crane. 5
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(12) Windows in cabs must be safety glass or equivalent. No visible distortion that will interfere with safe operation of the machine. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(13)(i) A ladder or steps must be provided to give access to a cab roof where necessary for rigging or service requirements. 6
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(13)(ii) Guardrails, handholds, and steps must be provided on cranes for easy access to the cab. Must conform to ANSI B30.5-1968. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(14)(i) Fire extinguisher of 5BC rating, or higher, must be available at operator station or cab of equipment. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(14)(ii) All fuels must be transported, stored, and handled in accordance with Subpart F [Fire Protection and Prevention] of this part. 7
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(15) Precautions must be taken to prevent equipment from physical contact with electrical distribution and transmission lines. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(15) Clearance between lines and any part of crane or load: 10 ft. 50 kv. Or less. 10 ft. + 0.4 in. for each 1 kv. over 50 kv. Person designated to observed clearances where necessary. General Requirements 1926.550(a)(15) In transit with no load and boom lowered, clearance must be a minimum of: 4 ft. less than 50 kv. 10 ft. over 50 kv. and up to 345 kv. 16 ft. voltages up to and including 750 kv. 8
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(16) No modification or additions which affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment must be made without the manufacturer s written approval. 9
General Requirements 1926.550(a)(19) Employees must be kept clear of loads to be lifted and of suspended loads. Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(1) Jibs must have positive stops to prevent movement of more than 5 deg. above the straight line of the jib and boom. Cable type belly slings do not constitute compliance with rule. Jib Stops Belly Slings 10
Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Crawler, truck and locomotive cranes must meet the requirements for design, inspection, construction, testing, maintenance and operation as outlined in ANSI B30.5-1968. 11
Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Controls used during normal crane operating cycle must be located within easy reach of operator. Functions of controls must be clearly identified. 12
Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Cranes must not be loaded beyond the rated capacity of its existing configuration. Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Employees must not be allowed to ride on the hook or load. Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Operator must not leave his position at the controls while the load is suspended. 13
Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) When the load being handled require the use of outriggers the outriggers must be fully extended and set to remove weight from wheels. Except for locomotive cranes. Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Outriggers must be used when load being handled at particular radius exceeds rated load without outriggers as given by manufacturer. Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Outrigger floats must be attached to the outriggers. When required blocking under outrigger floats. 14
15
Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes 1926.550(b)(2) Good housekeeping is required in the cab of cranes. Clothing, tools, and other articles must be stored so as not to interfere with access or operation. Hammerhead Tower Cranes Hammerhead Tower Cranes 1926.550(c)(1) Adequate clearance must be maintained between moving and rotating structures of the crane and fixed objects. 16
Hammerhead Tower Cranes 1926.550(c)(2) Employees performing duties on horizontal booms must be protected against falling by guardrails or personal fall arrest system. Hammerhead Tower Cranes 1926.550(c)(5) All hammerhead tower cranes must meet the requirements prescribed by the manufacturer: Design Construction Installation Testing Maintenance Inspection Operation Overhead and Gantry Cranes 1926.550(d) Rated load marked on each side of the crane. Bridge trucks equipped with rail sweeps. Audible warning signal for crane equipped with traveling mechanism. Meet the requirements of ANSI B30.2.0-1967. Design, construction, installation, testing, maintenance, inspection, and operation. 17
Derricks 1926.550(e) Must meet the requirements of ANSI B30.6-1969, Safety Code for Derricks. Design, construction, installation, testing, maintenance, inspection, and operation. Floating Cranes and Derricks 1926.550(f)(1)(i) The rated load of a mobile crane, mounted on a barge, must not exceed the original capacity specified by manufacturer. 18
Floating Cranes and Derricks 1926.550(f)(1)(i) & (ii) Load rating chart provided and located where easily visible to operator. When load rating reduced for list of barge new load rating chart must be provided. Floating Cranes and Derricks 1926.550(f)(1)(iv) Mobile cranes on barges must be positively secured. Note: letter of interpretation [1/27/94] registered professional engineer certifies movement of crane will not compromise stability of barge. 19
Floating Cranes and Derricks 1926.550(f)(2)(i),(ii),(iii) Permanently mounted crane on barge capacity and limitations based on competent design criteria. Load rating chart visible to operator. Meet requirements of manufacturer. Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms 1926.550(g)(1)(i) Standard applies to design, construction, testing, use and maintenance of personnel platform. Applies to hoisting of platforms on load lines of cranes or derricks. 20
Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms 1926.550(g)(3)(i)(D) Crane must be uniformly level within one percent of level grade and located on firm footing. Outriggers must be fully deployed following manufacturer s recommendation. Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms 1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(A) Cranes and derricks with variable angle booms must be equipped with a boom angle indicator visible to operator. Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms 1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(c) Crane or derrick must be equipped with an anti-twoblocking device. 21
Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms 1926.550(g)(4)(i)(A) Designed by a qualified engineer or person competent in structural design. Trial lift with the platform unoccupied. Visual inspection conducted by competent person. Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms 1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(B) Hooks on overhaul ball, lower load blocks, or other attachments must be type that can be closed and locked. Two instances: Personnel platforms. [1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(B)] Steel erection/working under the load. [1926.753(d)(2)(ii)] 22
Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms 1926.550(g)(6)(vii) & (viii) Except over water, employees inside platform must use a body belt/harness system. Attached to lower load block or structural member of the platform. No lifts made on crane s other loadlines while personnel suspended on a platform. Retractable reels Any Crane Questions??? 23
Thank You WWW.NCLABOR.COM 1-800-NC-LABOR 24