Electronic Systems Research at CU-ICAR Todd H. Hubing Michelin Professor of Vehicular Electronics Clemson University
Automobiles are Complex Electronic Systems Navigation System Fuel Injection Engine Ignition Communication System Airbag Deployment Cabin Environment Controls Entertainment Systems Noise Cancellation Emissions Controls Lighting Collision Avoidance System Tire Pressure Monitoring Seat and Pedal Position Transmission Control Stability Control Suspension System Security System Braking Control 2
Automobiles are Complex Electronic Systems Current automotive electronics Navigation System Fuel Injection Engine Ignition Collision Avoidance System Communication System Airbag Deployment Cabin Environment Controls design and integration strategies are Entertainment Systems Transmission Control Seat and Pedal Position Stability Control Suspension System Noise Cancellation Emissions Controls Cars in the next decade will Security be System very Lighting Braking Control Tire Pressure Monitoring not sustainable. different from an electronics integration standpoint. 3
Cars in the future Cars in the future will have ONE reliable, low-cost, lightweight network that serves as the interface between every electronic sub-system in the vehicle. Less than 2 kilograms of wire harness Data from every sensor available to every system Secure, reliable high-speed communication Simple, open diagnostics Redundant, distributed processing Both wired and wireless communication 4
Cars in the future Cars in the future will distribute ONLY low-voltage digital signals and/or DC power to every electronic component. No PWM signals for power or control No analog signals At most 3 wires will be routed to any component Many components will require 1 or 0 wires Connectors will be small, reliable and low cost 5
Cars in the future Cars in the future will not generate strong electric or magnetic fields and will not be susceptible to these fields even though they generate and store significant amounts of electric energy. Balanced design and integrated control will eliminate the need to have wiring harnesses carrying strong, time-varying currents. Intelligent, computer aided layout will ensure that electronic systems do not generate and are not susceptible to electromagnetic interference. 6
The cars of the future are being designed Today! The companies leading the development of truly integrated electronic systems will be the market leaders in the next decade. Market leaders in the electronics industry are the innovators, not the adopters. Simply adopting the latest, greatest electronic subsystems and tacking them on to existing automotive platforms is a strategy that will not succeed. 7
The cars of the future are being designed Today! Cars with intelligently designed electronic systems will be: Lighter More powerful More efficient Far more reliable. 8
The cars of the future are being designed Today! Automotive OEM s that appear to be the current electronics system integration leaders: Audi (computer aided electronics evaluation, testing) Tesla (power storage and distribution, integration) Toyota (vehicle communications, power distribution) 9
CU-ICAR Electronic Systems Research Electromagnetic Compatibility Vehicle Networks and Electronic Communications Power Distribution and Storage Vehicular Software Reliability and Standards 10
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Number of incidents affecting automotive reliability is rising Number of potential sources and victims is increasing exponentially Electronic systems are playing a more prominent role in occupant safety Automotive EMC standards do not ensure system compatibility EMC Research Component-level evaluation for modeling system-level performance Expert system evaluation of component and system EMC Electromagnetic modeling of complex systems Balanced power inverter design Device detection and characterization based on unintentional emissions 11
Automotive EMC Expert System We have developed algorithms to detect and eliminate potential EMC problems early in the design process. System level (reads vehicle database) Uses design maxims and simple formulae Works with incomplete information Runs repeatedly throughout design cycle Complements doesn t replace the human expert and more sophisticated numerical modeling tools Guides the non-expert Audi currently uses EMC expert system software to find system interaction problems before the first prototypes are built. 12
Vehicle Networks Volume of data is out stripping current network capabilities Incompatible networks prevent full utilization of data available Reliability is declining due to high number of independent systems There is a general lack of processing redundancy Networks Research A truly systems-level network [one network for entire vehicle] A secure, redundant network operating system Protocols optimized for short-range, non-centralized operation Both wired and wireless nodes Low-speed, low-cost components sharing parts of the network with highspeed components without adding significantly to overall costs. 13
Power Distribution and Storage Existing power conversion methods are noisy and relatively inefficient Need to accommodate diverse sources of power, with diverse operating voltages Need to eliminate pulsed-current power distribution and motor control Power Distribution Research Balanced, integrated power inverters/converters Improved capacitor storage and low-inductance distribution Better use of distributed electric energy storage Wireless power distribution methods for low-power sensors 14
Balanced Integrated Electric Motor Drivers Objective: Eliminate electronic noise problems and inefficiencies associated with existing PWM motor and actuator controls. Z CM V DC + - a b c I CM b a I CM c vehicle chassis 15
Balanced, Efficient Power Conversion Objective: Distribute electric power throughout a vehicle more efficiently and with lower cost and weight by employing balanced DC-to-DC power converters. Tesla s relatively well integrated electronic systems provide a high degree of functionality and make very efficient use of the available power. 16
Automotive Software Software represents a growing percentage of new vehicle development Software is increasingly responsible for reliability and safety problems Software development platforms are poorly suited to complex systems AutoSAR is a small step in the right direction, but it is not enough. Vehicular Software Research A programming language for complex system communication and control - standard, hierarchical APIs - no possible undefined states - secure access 17
Image Processing Research Clemson researchers have developed a simple, automatic procedure for calibrating cameras used by automobiles. These same algorithms can be applied to vehicle tracking and lane departure systems. Better algorithms for determining driver head and eye position are current areas of research. 18
Electromagnetic Modeling Clemson is a world leader in the area of electromagnetic modeling. We currently have projects underway to: Analyze automotive components and wireless systems Develop new modeling tools for automotive analysis Teach companies how to use EM modeling to develop better automotive systems. 19
http://www.cvel.clemson.edu For More Information 20