MEL345 I.C. ENGINES Course Instructor : Prof. J.P. Subrahmanyam II-154 - Next to I.C. Engines Laboratory jp_sub@yahoo.com jpsm@mech.iitd.ernet.in Course Coordinator : Prof. M.R. Ravi II 257; ravimr@iitd.ac.in
I.C.ENGINES! DO WE REALLY NEED EM?
I have always considered that the substitution of the Internal Combustion Engine for the horse marked a very gloomy milestone in the progress of mankind. -Winston Churchill If all the perverted ingenuity which was put into making automobiles had only gone into improving the breed of horses, we might be a lot better off today. -Joe Gould
ENGINES! BOON OR BANE? l Greatest invention since the wheel? l Made transportation easy! l Made life easy! OR DID IT? l Increased pollution l Increased fossil fuel consumption l Increased congestion on roads
BUT.. l WHETHER WE LIKE IT OR NOT. CAN WE DO WITHOUT IT? l DO WE HAVE VIABLE ALTERNATIVES? THINK l AS OF TODAY WE HAVE NO ANSWER l MAY BE FOR AT LEAST 20 YEARS MORE! l SO WE ARE STUCK WITH IT!
SO WE STUDY IT.! And so on to the course:
I. INTRODUCTION: 1. BASIC DEFINITIONS 2. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENGINE 3. DEFINITIONS OF VARIOUS TERMS USED IN ENGINES 4. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENGINES
INTRODUCTION I. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES: a. Based on applications: b. Basic Engine Design: c. Operating Cycle: d. Working Cycles (Strokes): e. Valve/Port Design: f. Fuel used: Conventional Fuels Alternate fuels g. Mixture Preparation: h. Method of Ignition: i. Type of Charge: Homogenous and Stratified j. Combustion Chamber Design k. Load Control: l. Cooling:
II THERMODYNAMICS OF CYCLES 1.Air Standard Cycles 2.Fuel Air cycles-comparing with (1) 3. Real Cycles comparing with (2) 4. Variable Specific Heat Calculations 5. The Air Standard Engine 6. Computer Simulation
III. FUELS 1. PROPERTIES OF FUELS AND THEIR MEASUREMENT 2. REQUIREMENTS OF FUELS FOR THE PETROL ENGINE 3. REQUIREMENTS OF FUELS FOR THE DIESEL ENGINE 4. CONVENTIONAL FUELS FOR THE PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINES NECESSITY FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS, REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS 5. ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR THE PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINES
IV. INTAKE SYSTEM INTAKE AND EXHAUST PROCESSES IN A FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE GAS EXCHANGE VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
V.FUEL METERING IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE l MIXTURE REQUIREMENTS l PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION (brief concepts) l FUEL INJECTION (The real stuff!)
VI. COMBUSTION IN THE SPARK IGNITION ENGINE l THE BASIC COMBUSTION PROCESS l IGNITION l FLAME PROPAGATION l ABNORMAL COMBUSTION l INCYLINDER MOTION
VII. SI COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGN 1. DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2. DESIGN OPTIONS FOR CYLINDER HEAD AND PISTON CROWN 3. SPARK PLUG LOCATION 4. SIZE OF VALVES AND NUMBER OF VALVES PER CYLINDER 5. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES
VIII. COMBUSTION IN THE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE THE BASIC COMBUSTION PROCESS (a) Delay (b) Rapid Pressure Rise (c) Controlled Pressure Rise (d) After burning FUEL INJECTION IN-CYLINDER MOTION
IX. CI COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGN 1. DIRECT INJECTION SYSTEMS 2. INDIRECT INJECTION SYSTEMS 3. COMPARISON BETWEEN SYSTEMS 4. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES 5. MARINE ENGINES
X. ENGINE EMISSIONS - FORMATION AND CONTROL 1. NATURE AND SOURCES OF ENGINE EMISSIONS 2. MECHANISM OF POLLUTANT FORMATION IN ENGINES 3. EMISSION CONTROL STRATEGIES 4. INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING EXHAUST EMISSIONS
XI. ENGINE TESTING AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 1. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2. PERFORMANCE FACTORS AND RATINGS 3. TYPES OF PERFORMANCE TESTS 4. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SI ENGINES 6. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CI ENGINES 7. HEAT BALANCE
Marks Break-up l Minors 30% l Major 30% l Practicals 10% (5% for presentations and 5% for report) l Quizzes 10% l Assignments 10% l Term Paper l 10% (5% for presentations and 5% for report) l Attendance Policy: Min. 75% (Lectures+tut/lab) Attendance 51% to 75%: one grade lower; Att < 50%: two grades lower. Marks <30% & Att < 75%: F
SOME RECOMMENDED BOOKS l GANESAN, V. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, Third Edition, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2009. l OBERT, E.F. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND AIR POLLUTION, Intext Educational Publishers, New York, 1973. l MATHUR, R.P. AND SHARMA, M.L. A COURSE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, 8th edition, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi, 1996. l HEYWOOD, J.B. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1988. l DOMKUNDWAR, V.M. A COURSE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, First edition, Dhanpat Rai and Co. (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1999. l COLIN R. FERGUSON AND ALLAN T. KIRKPATRICK. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES APPLIED THERMOSCIENCES, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2001.
Continued l RAJPUT, R.K., INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2005. l MOHANTY, R.K., A TEXT BOOK OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, Standard Book House, New Delhi, 2007. l GUPTA, H.N., FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTON ENGINES, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006. l LUMLEY, JOHN L., ENGINES: AN INTRODUCTION, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1999. l GILL, P.W., SMITH, JR., J.H., and ZIURYS, E.J., FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTON ENGINES, 4th Ed., Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1959. l AGARAWAL, SHYAM K., INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 2000. l PULKRABEK, W.W., ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.
Assignment-1 Answer the following: Write not more than half a page for each: 1. What in your opinion is the relevance of IC Engines in today s world? 2. Why are you taking this course? Due: 9.1.13. E-mail to: ravimr@iitd.ac.in