Advancements in Energy Storage: Utility-Scale Technologies and Demonstration Projects ASERTTI Webinar August 20, 2012 Barbara Tyran Director, Washington & State Relations
The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Independent, non-profit, collaborative research institute, with full spectrum industry coverage Nuclear Generation Power Delivery & Utilization Environment Major offices in Palo Alto, CA; Charlotte, NC; and Knoxville, TN 2
Our Role Help Move Technologies to the Commercialization Stage Basic Research and Development Collaborative Technology Development Integration Application Technology Commercialization National Laboratories Universities EPRI Suppliers Vendors Technology Accelerator! 3
Energy Storage Program Objective/Mission EPRI s Energy Storage program facilitates the development of energy storage and distributed generation options for the grid. Functional Requirements Definition Testing and Assessment Analysis of Grid Effects Value Determination 4
How the Electricity Grid Works Today Power flows in one direction Central Plant Step-Up Transformer Transmission Substation Distribution Substation Generation and load must always be balanced Commercial Loads Residential Loads Industrial Loads 5
How the Grid is Changing Smart Grid Infrastructure Renewables Growing Load PV PHEV 6
The Roles of Storage on the Grid Bulk Storage Ancillary Services Distributed Storage Thermal Storage Distributed Storage Commercial Storage Residential Storage V2G 7
Storage on the grid today Worldwide installed storage capacity for electrical energy Pumped Hydro 440 MW 316 MW Compressed Air Energy Storage Sodium-Sulfur Battery 127,000 MW el 35 MW 27 MW Lead-Acid Battery Nickel-Cadmium Battery Over 99% of total storage capacity on the grid 20 MW Lithium Ion Battery 3 MW Redox-Flow Battery Source: Fraunhofer Institute, EPRI 8
Why are storage costs so high? Vendor unwillingness to invest in new capacity High Cost, Limited Availability of Storage Chicken and Egg Syndrome Market Uncertainty Utility unwillingness to invest 9
Capital Cost per Cycle 10 10
The technology adoption curve Historically, utility research focused on technologies that meet cost targets at scale But utility scale storage technologies have no early adopters or even early majority Failure results even if technology is sound Who? Who? Most Utilities 11
Path to scale Some technologies offer a path to scale, even if they aren t well-suited for utility needs Technology Adoption of Utility Specific Flow Battery Technology Technology Adoption of Large-Format Lithium Ion Who? Who? Utilities Early EV Owners Utilities PHEV owners, IPPs Note that, once utility-scale storage is established with one technology, other technologies will find it easier to follow 12
R&D to Assess Role of Storage for Wind Integration Simulations of Storage Systems in ERCOT, PJM and NYISO ERCOT PJM & Eastern Interconnect NYISO Study Year 2015 Study Year: 2015 CREZ 2 Scenario Demand / Generation Mix Transmission Topology $ 4.9 B in new Transmission Commodity Prices Wind Additions: 18 GW Wind Additions: 12.8 GW Study Year: 2013 Demand / Generation Mix Transmission Topology Commodity Prices Wind Additions: 4.2 GW 13
Project site Notrees wind farm, owned and operated by Duke Energy Renewables Located in west Texas Ector and Winkler Counties 156MW total wind generation capacity 14
Project Objectives Integrate storage with intermittent renewable energy production Improve use of power producing assets by storing energy during non peak generation periods Demonstrate benefits of using fast response energy storage to provide ancillary services for grid management Confirm that the solution can dispatch according to market price signals or pre determined schedules utilizing ramp control Verify that energy storage solutions can operate within the ERCOT market protocols 15
Phase 1: Economic and Industry Evaluation Evaluation of storage technologies and market applications Lessons learned in first phase of project: Proposals showed installed cost higher than anticipated State of Charge Optimization showed far more bias to regulation market than anticipated Battery Level - If In Energy Market Only 60 40 20 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 State of Charge 60 40 20 0 Battery Level Both Regulation and Energy Markets 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 16
Phase 2: Demonstrate Integration of Energy Storage with Wind Generation Goal Validation that energy storage: Increases the value and practical application of wind generation Alleviates intermittency issues, and Is commercially viable at utility scale Description Advanced technology Energy Storage System (ESS) Locate ESS at wind farm substation Operate ESS in various modes Operational Q4 2012 Participants DOE Smart Grid Program Duke Energy, Extreme Power EPRI 17
Energy Storage System (ESS) Technology: Advanced lead-acid battery OEM Partner Xtreme Power (XP) 36 MW / 24 MWh output 24 Dynamic Power Modules (DPM TM ) with 1.5 MW / 1.0 MWh rating Modules housed in ~ 6,000 sq. ft. building 18
Storage System: Additional Details Twenty-four (24) Dynamic Power Modules (DPM TM ), each rated 1.5 MVA continuous Twelve (12) DPM TM cooling pump skids Twenty-four (24) DPM TM air/water heat exchangers Twenty-four (24) PowerCell TM storage systems including 1.0 MWh storage, racks, and buses Two (2) spare PowerCell TM charging and storage systems, etc. 19
Project Activities to Date Site construction began December 2011 XP DPM TM modules being manufactured Metrics & Benefits Plan developed (for DOE Smart Grid Program) 20
Upcoming Activities Acceptance testing of XP DPR modules by 3 rd Q 2012 Completion of site construction by October 2012 Commercial operation by December 2012 Final version of M&B Plan First year Technology Performance Report by Dec 2012 System performance testing & analysis, 2013-14 21
Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 22