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Feb. 23, 1932. F. J. RAYFIELD 1846,656 Filed Nov. 15, 1929 5. Sheets-Sheet 2
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Patented Feb. 23, 1932 1,846,656 5 bration to a minimum. :0 : 3. 40 45 50 UNED SEATES PATENT OFFICE FREDERICK J. RAYFIELD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINois, AssIGNOR TO CHAMPION PNEUMATIC MACHINERY COMPANY, OF CiaCAGO, ILLINOAS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS SINGE SACE CCNPRESSOR: Application filed November 15, 1929. Serial No. 40,384. My invention relates to compressors, par ticularly to single stage compressors for com 4 which may be in the form of a casting and pressing fluids such as air. which is mounted on the supporting base 1. One important object of the invention is The crank case 5 of the compressor is mount to provide a self-contained compressor unit ed on the base 4, and on the crank case are for furnishing large volumes of air at high mounted and detachably secured two pairs of pressure. cylinder structures A and B, each set being Another important object is to arrange a shown as comprising two cylinders 6 of like plurality of cylinders in compact sets around bore. The cylinders of each set preferably a common crank shaft so that a very Com form part of an integral casting and the sets pact structure will result, and to arrange the ale preferably offset 45 degrees from the verti connections of the cylinders with the crank cal axis of the compressor, or in other words, shaft so that there will be uniform distribu they are spaced 90 degrees apart on the upper tion of impulse and flow and reduction of vi part of the crank case. The bores 7 of the cylinders 6 of each set communicate at their A further object is to offset the cylinder sets on the crank case so as to permit the use through lower ends openings with the 8. interior of the crank case of straight connecting rods with each rod The crank shaft 9 is journalled in the ends having its own bearing on the crankshaft. of the crank case and in the arrangement Another important object is to provide shown the shaft has two crank sections 10 and domed cylinder heads with correspondingly 11 offset 180 degrees. Each piston 12 has a domed pistons, and to discharge the fluid Wrist pin 13 from which extends a connect from the center of the domed cylinder heads ing rod for connection with the crank shaft. to thereby balance the operation of the pis Referring to Figures 3 and 4, one piston of tons and to prevent pounding, and also to the set A is connected by a connecting rod 14 keep down the temperature. with the crank section 10 and the other piston A further object is to arrange the cylin of this set is connected by a rod 14 with the ders in the path of cooling alr propelled by crank section 11. Likewise, one piston of the vanes provided on the flywheel pulley for the cylinder set B is connected by a connecting compressor. rod 14' with the crank section 10 and the The above enumerated and other features other piston of said set is connected with the of my invention are exemplified in the struc crank section 11 by a rod 14. As best shown ture shown on the drawings, on which in Figure 2, the cylinder sets are offset suf compressor Figure 1 is unit; a side elevation of my improved ficiently in the direction of the axis of the compressor SO as to permit the use of straight Figure 2 is a plan view of the unit; connecting rods, the rods being preferably of Figure 3 is an enlarged section on plane the I-beam type. The described arrangement III-III of Figure 2, and of the cylinders and their connections with Figure 4 is an enlarged section on plane the crank shaft results in smooth and bal TV-IV of Figure 3. minimum. anced operation and reduces vibration to a As shown, the unit comprises a supporting base 1, a compressor structure C and a motor The upper end 15 of each piston is frusto M. The driving motor may be a gasoline conical or dome-shaped and the cylinder engine or, as shown, may be an electric motor. terminates in a recess 16 which is correspond The reservoir 2 is supported on suitable ingly shaped to receive such piston end. The standards 3 and the base 1 of the unit may be recess 16 of each cylinder has communication in the form of a channel bar and is secured at its upper or apex end with an outlet pas on the top of the reservoir, the entire outfit sage 17 which is concentric with the cylinder. thus forming a very compact structure. The passages shown are cylindrical and of The compressor structure comprises a base comparatively large diameter and at their in ner ends present annular shoulders 18 for re 5 5 CO 65
2 ceiving cylindrical check valve structures 19. wire drawing and the formation of eddy Each cylinder has also an inlet passage 20 ex currents. The frusto-conical recess with the tending laterally from its frusto-conical large outlet port forms a sort of Wenturi pas recess and having a check valve 21 therein. sage through which the compressed air may 5 For each set of cylinders an intake manifold flow Smoothly and uniformly, and so-called fitting 22 is provided and secured by its pounding is entirely eliminated. The flange 23 to the cylinder structure to com smooth and uniform flow of the air also keeps municate with the cylinder inlet passages. the temperature down and carbonization is These manifold fittings lead from an air filter reduced to a minimum. Any lubricant structure 24 which cleans the air before it is which may travel upwardly along the cylin taken into the cylinders. drical wall of the cylinder will not be drawn For each set of cylinders there is also a into the main air flow and consequently will manifold fitting 25 secured by its fiange 26 not escape into the pressure system, and as to the cylinder structure to communicate with the arrangement described prevents the cyl the outlet or discharge passages of the cylin inder head from becoming unduly heated, ders. Each manifold 25 is connected by a pipe any stray oil or lubricant will not be burned 27 with a chamber 28 provided in the base of or carbonized. The result is a well balanced. the compressor. The cylinders take in air Smooth running and quiet compressor struc through the filter 24, and then compress it ture of large capacity and exceptional effi 20 and discharge it into the chamber 28. With cency. the arrangement shown, each qualiter turn of Changes and modifications can undoubt the crankshaft starts a compression stroke, edly be made without departing from the the distribution of impulse and load being spirit and scope of the invention and I do uniform so that smooth and balanced opera not therefore desire to be limited except as 5 tion results and vibration is reduced to a mini necessitated by the prior art. claim as my invention: ill). The air discharged into the chamber 28 is in a compressor structure, the combina conducted therefrom into the reservoir 2 tion of a crank case, a crank shaft, sets of through pipe 29 and this pipe preferably compression cylinders circumferentially includes a check valve 30 for preventing back spaced on said crank case, pistons within said flow of compressed air from the reservoir to cylindel's connected with said crank shaft, the compressor when the compressor is not the inner ends of said pistons being domed running. and the inners ends of said cylinders being Compressed air is fed from the reservoir correspondingly domed, a fluid outlet for each 35 to a pipe 31 into a housing 32 containing cylinder concentric there with and extending automatic switch mechanism (not shown) from the center of its domed end, a manifold controlled by pressure to regulate the current conduit connecting with the fluid outlets of flow to and speed of the notor. A pressure the cylinders of each set and communicating gauge 34 and a safety valve 35 may be con with a fluid reservoir, a fluid inlet for each 4. 0 nected with the housing 32. cylinder, and check valves in said fluid out On the outer end of the crank shaft is Sup lets and fluid inlets. ported a drive pulley 36 connected by belt 3 In testinhony whereof i have hereunto sub with the driving motor M. The pulley is of scribed my name at Chicago, Cook County, comparatively large diameter so as to be op Illinois. posite the cylinders of the compressor, and FREDERICK J. RAY FIELD. the spokes of the pulley are extended to form fan wings or blades 38 of substantial area and capacity to throw large volumes of air against the cylinders when the compressor 5 is operated. The cylinders preferably have radiator fins or fianges 39 so that the heat of compression is rapidly conducted away from the cylinder walls and dispersed by the air propelled by the vanes. The vanes are s 5 preferably at the outer ends of the spokes of the drive pulley so that practically all of the air impelled thereby is applied to the cylinder walls to effect cooling. The vanes also add weight to the pulley so that it will 3 act as a fly wheel for the compressor. The arrangement involving the frusto conical piston and the correspondingly shaped cylinder recess, together with the cen tral discharge of the compressed air through the outlet port of large diameter, prevents ic 1,846,656 70 80 85 90 95 00 O 5 20 130