Center for Power Electronics Systems Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Extract from the Keynote Address Dushan Boroyevich, Igor Cvetković, Dong Dong, Rolando Burgos, Fei Wang, Fred Lee Future Electronic Power Distribution Systems A contemplative view
Power Electronics: Expanding and Emerging Applications Most of the Emerging Electric Power Technologies presume Active Dynamic Powering Control IT of the Electric Industry Energy Automation Flow (i.e. Require the Use of Power Electronics)! Vehicular Power Systems Alternative and Distributed Energy Systems db-1
I/O Electronic Power Distribution System: A Notebook PC Peripheral Supplies LDO Regulators Logic Disk Drive Power Supervisor 3.3 V Bus 12 V Boost Converter Fan Controller Bus Converter Processor 0.7-1.7 V Voltage Regulator Memory 1.8 V Voltage Regulator 5 V Bus Bus Converter Backlight 800 V CCFL Inverter LCD Bias 8 V LCD Converter Battery Monitor Battery 12-16 V 19 V 90-260 V Charger / AC Adapter Discharger 50-60 Hz Load converters: Meet dynamic energy requirements of the loads Source converters: Meet ac line standards; improve battery utilization Power Distribution Converters: Increase peak-power efficiency Improve power density Increase light-load efficiency Improve energy efficiency REDUCE COST! db-2
Electronic Power Distribution System: More Electric Transportation All electrical energy processed through electronic converters 1. Variable frequency starter/generator Eliminates Gearbox 2. Variable speed drives for ECS Eliminates Pneumatics 3. High-frequency voltage step-up/down Less Copper & Iron 4. Electrical actuation Reduces Hydraulics Similar approaches and advantages are being pursued in: 1. Rail systems and vehicles (for long time) 2. All-electric ships 3. Hybrid electric cars, trucks, and buses db-3
Electronic Power Distribution System: Evolution of Wind Turbine Power Electronics Variable-speed doubly-fed wind turbine Direct gear-less variable-speed wind turbine 1. Eliminates gear box and need for doubly-fed induction generator 2. Simpler transformer structure 3. Fully decouples wind and grid dynamics db-4
Electronic Power Distribution System: Grid-interface for Offshore Wind Farms AC Transmission for Offshore Energy Harvesting HVDC Transmission for Offshore Energy Harvesting db-5
Electronic Power Distribution System: HVDC Grid Interconnects in Europe db-6
CPES Sustainable Building Initiative Solar PV Entertainment and Data Systems Smart Appliances and Lighting Wind Turbine Plug-in Hybrid with Bidirectional Converter Electric Energy Management Center Grid Connection with Bidirectional Converter Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning db-7
Patching-up the 20 th Century Technology Integration of grid, renewables, and storage saves money! GRID PLUG-IN HYBRID VEH. SOLAR ARRAY WIND TURBINE ENERGY STORAGE 120 V, 60 Hz EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI PFC PFC PFC PFC PFC M M Smart appliances save energy! Consumer Electronics - TV, Computer, Projector Appliances - Washer, Dryer Appliances Air Conditioner Appliances Stove/ Range/Oven CF Light (ceiling) H Lamp (floor) db-8
kwh 21 st Century Electronic Power Distribution efficient, programmable, safe, affordable Nanogrid with Islanded Operation GRID Web-based GUI PLUG-IN HYBRID SOLAR ARRAY WIND TURBINE ENERGY STORAGE Time Bus architecture 380 V, DC bus Two voltages Wireless communication 48 V, DC Integrated protection Increased: - availability - energy efficiency - power density Consumer Electronics - TV, Computer, Projector M Appliances - Washer, Dryer M Appliances Air Conditioner Appliances Stove/ Range/Oven LED light (ceilig) LED light (floor) db-9
Characteristics of Future Electronic Power Distribution Systems Power electronics converters are used for: Source interface Load interface (only coffee makers are still non-electronic loads?) Power flow control and energy management Advantages: High system controllability, flexibility, and responsiveness Increased availability Reduced size and weight Increased energy efficiency Issues: Subsystem interactions (power flow, power quality, EMI, thermal) Complexity (not an issue if dynamics is understood & decoupled) Reliability and lifetime (not protection) Cost (not an issue if system and/or energy costs are reduced) db-10
kwh Future Building as DC Nanogrid Energy Control Center with Bidirectional Converter Web-based GUI Time ECC GRID PLUG-IN HYBRID SOLAR ARRAY WIND TURBINE ENERGY STORAGE 380 V, DC bus Bidirectional power conversion 48 V, DC Separation of dynamics Load management DG management Data acquisition Communication Consumer Electronics: TV, Computer, Projector M Appliances: Washer, Dryer M Appliances: Air Conditioner Appliances: Stove, Oven LED light (ceiling) LED light (floor) Islanded operation db-11