DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

211-00-1 Steering System General Information 211-00-1 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING Steering System Special Tool(s) Dial Thermometer 0-220 F 023-R0007 or equivalent Material Item MERCON Multi-Purpose (ATF) Transmission Fluid XT-2-QDX Specification MERCON Principles of Operation Power Steering The power steering system uses a CIII power steering vane-type pump to pump the fluid from the 73III Automotive Meter reservoir to the rack-and-pinion steering gear. The 105-R0057 or equivalent power steering pump is mounted to the engine and driven by the engine accessory drive belt. Power steering fluid is pulled into the pump from the reservoir by vacuum. The minimum vacuum required is 68-84 kpa (20-25 in-hg). The power steering fluid is then trapped and squeezed into a Power Steering Analyzer smaller area inside the pump. This action 211-F001 (014-00207) or pressurizes the fluid at the output, as it flows to the equivalent rest of the system. A pressure relief/flow valve is built into the pump to control the maximum pressure. The relief pressure is between 9,653-10,549 kpa (1,400-1,530 psi). This action prevents damage to the system during different Gauge, Spring Tension engine speeds. While under pressure, the power 211-034 (T74P-3504-Y) steering fluid flows through the high pressure power steering line to the rack-and-pinion steering gear. DIS/EDIS Tach Adapter 418-F102 (007-00061) or equivalent Inspection and Verification 1. Verify the customer concern. 2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical damage. Tie-Rod End Remover 211-105 (T85M-3395-A) Copyright 2004, Ford Motor Company Last updated: 11/16/2004

211-00-2 Steering System General Information 211-00-2 Visual Inspection Chart CAUTION: Do not hold the Mechanical steering wheel at the stops for an Fluid level extended amount of time. Damage to the Tire pressure power steering pump can occur. Tires Start the engine and turn the steering wheel Drive belt Drive belt tensioner from stop to stop several times and check Steering column alignment for leaks. Tie-rod ends 5. Inspect the power steering pressure and return Suspension components Steering column shaft U-joints hoses, the fittings and the O-rings for leaks. Intermediate shaft bolts If a leak is detected at a power steering Power steering reservoir baffle Power steering reservoir filter pressure or return hose, install a new hose. Power steering pressure lines, fittings or O-rings Refer to Section 211-02. Power steering return hoses and clamps If a leak is detected at a fitting or clamp Steering gear plate, tighten to specification. If the leak is Power steering pump still evident, visually inspect the fittings, the clamp plate, the O-rings, and the Teflon 3. NOTE: The 3 areas that should be inspected seals. Install new as necessary. Refer to for possible contamination are the power Section 211-02. steering reservoir filter, the flow control and If a leak is detected at the power steering pressure relief valve in the pump, and the check reservoir, install a new reservoir. Refer to valve in the inlet port on the power steering Section 211-02. gear (if equipped). If a leak is detected at a constant tension Inspect the power steering fluid for the spring clamp, verify that the hose is fully following conditions: installed on the fitting and that the constant Aerated or foamy: Purge the power steering tension spring clamp is correctly positioned. system. Refer to Power Steering System If the leak remains, install a new constant Purging in this tension spring clamp. Overheating or contamination: Flush the If a leak is detected at a screw clamp joint, power steering system. Refer to Power tighten the screw clamp. If the leak remains, Steering System Flushing in this inspect the tube end and install a new hose. 4. Check the power steering system for fluid Refer to Section 211-02. leaks. If a leak is detected at the power steering Check the power steering fluid level. pump, install a new power steering pump. Refer to Section 211-02. NOTE: It may be necessary to add power steering fluid to achieve the correct level. NOTE: It may be necessary to remove the squeeze-type clamp from the steering gear boots to With the ignition OFF: inspect for leaks. Wipe off the power steering pump, the 6. Inspect the power steering gear for leaks. If a power steering pressure hose, the power leak is detected at the power steering gear, steering return hose, the power steering fluid install a new power steering gear. Refer to cooler, the hose assembly and the steering Section 211-02. gear.

211-00-3 Steering System General Information 211-00-3 External Leak Check Potential Power Rack-and-Pinion Steering Gear Leak Points 7. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported 8. If the cause is not visually evident, verify the concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) symptom and GO to Symptom Chart. before proceeding to the next step.

211-00-4 Steering System General Information 211-00-4 Steering System Symptom Definitions Drift/Pull Pull is described as a tugging sensation felt by the hands on the steering wheel that must be overcome to keep the vehicle going straight. Drift describes what a vehicle with this condition does with the hands off the steering wheel. A vehicle-related drift/pull on a flat road can cause a consistent deviation from the straight-ahead path and require constant steering input in the opposite direction to counteract the effect. Drift/pull can be induced by conditions external to the vehicle, such as wind or road camber. Excessive Steering Wheel Play Excessive steering wheel play is a condition in which there is too much steering wheel movement before the wheels move. A small amount of steering wheel free play is considered normal. Feedback Feedback is a roughness felt in the steering wheel when the vehicle is driven over rough pavement. Hard Steering or Lack of Assist Hard steering or lack of assist is experienced when the steering wheel effort exceeds specifications. Hard steering can remain constant through the full turn or occur near the end of a turn. It is important to know the difference between hard steering/lack of assist and binding. Symptom Chart Symptom Chart Hard steering or lack of assist can result from either hydraulic or mechanical conditions. It is extremely important to know if this concern occurs during driving or during high-effort parking maneuvers. Nibble Sometimes confused with shimmy, nibble is a condition resulting from tire interaction with various road surfaces and observed by the driver as small rotational oscillations of the steering wheel. Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering Poor returnability and sticky steering is used to describe the poor return of the steering wheel to center after a turn, or steering correction, is completed. Shimmy Shimmy, as observed by the driver, is large, consistent, rotational oscillations of the steering wheel resulting from large, side to side (lateral) tire/wheel movements. Shimmy is usually experienced near 64 km/h (40 mph), and can begin or be amplified when the tire contacts pot holes or irregularities in the road surface. Wander Wander is the tendency of the vehicle to require frequent, random left and right steering wheel corrections to maintain a straight path down a level road. Condition Possible Sources Action Steering system noise Low fluid level GO to Pinpoint Test A. Fluid aeration Steering gear Power steering pump Loose or damaged steering linkage Loose or damaged suspension component(s) Steering column Steering column boot bearing Intermediate shaft

211-00-5 Steering System General Information 211-00-5 Symptom Chart (Continued) Condition Possible Sources Action Steering is very difficult/very Seized intermediate shaft GO to Pinpoint Test B. easy U-joints Damaged, fractured steering column bearing(s) Steering gear Power steering pump Power steering hoses Ball joints Strut bearing plate (if applicable) Binding dash boot seal Excessive steering wheel play Steering gear GO to Pinpoint Test C. Steering column Steering column intermediate shaft Steering linkage Ball joints Strut bearing plate Steering system Unevenly loaded vehicle CORRECT the vehicle drift/pull/wander loading as necessary. Tire pressure GO to Pinpoint Test D. Wheel alignment Steering gear Steering column intermediate shaft Frame alignment Feedback Loose, worn, or damaged GO to Component Test, tie-rods Steering Linkage in this Loose, worn, or damaged GO to Component Test, tie-rod ends Steering Linkage in this Loose or damaged steering TIGHTEN or INSTALL new gear insulators or bolts steering gear insulators or bolts as necessary. Loose steering column TIGHTEN the bolts or intermediate shaft U-joint or INSTALL a new steering pinch bolts column intermediate shaft as needed. REFER to Section 211-04. Loose suspension bushings, INSTALL new components fasteners, ball joints, or strut as necessary. REFER to bearing plate Section 204-01. Worn or damaged steering INSTALL a new steering column bearing(s) column. REFER to Section 211-04.

211-00-6 Steering System General Information 211-00-6 Symptom Chart (Continued) Condition Possible Sources Action Poor returnability/sticky Binding steering column INSTALL a new steering steering intermediate shaft U-joints column intermediate shaft. REFER to Section 211-04. Loose, worn, or damaged GO to Component Test, tie-rods Steering Linkage in this Loose, worn, or damaged GO to Component Test, tie-rod ends Steering Linkage in this Suspension components REFER to Section 204-00 to continue the suspension diagnosis. Binding steering column INSTALL a new steering bearing(s) column. REFER to Section 211-04. Binding dash boot seal INSTALL a new dash boot seal. REFER to Section 211-04. Shimmy Loose, worn, or damaged GO to Component Test, tie-rod ends Steering Linkage in this Suspension components REFER to Section 204-00 for the suspension diagnosis and testing. Pinpoint Test A: Steering System ise rmal Operation The power steering pump, which is driven by the crankshaft through a drive belt and pulleys, develops the hydraulic pressure necessary to operate the system. When the engine is running, fluid is drawn into the power steering pump from the power steering pump reservoir. Hydraulic fluid is pressurized in the power steering pump and sent to the steering gear. The rotary valve determines fluid direction to assist the driver in the turning of the vehicle. When the steering wheel is turned, the steering gear converts this hydraulic pressure and flow into mechanical motion that moves the front wheels in the direction of the turn. The steering gear uses tie-rods to connect the front knuckles, which then pivot on the ball joints, steering the vehicle. Possible Causes front suspension components power steering fluid level power steering pump steering column steering column dash boot steering gear steering linkage drive belt belt tensioner

211-00-7 Steering System General Information 211-00-7 A1 PINPOINT TEST A: STEERING SYSTEM NOISE CHECK FOR MECHANICAL NOISE Test drive the vehicle to verify the steering system noise. Yes Does the steering system make a clunk noise? If the noise is from the steering linkage, CHECK for loose, worn, or damaged inner tie-rod or tie-rod ends. REFER to Component Test, Steering Linkage in this If the noise is from the steering column, CHECK the steering column intermediate shaft for grounding through the body and repair as necessary. TEST the system for normal operation. If the noise is from the steering column boot bearing, INSTALL a new steering column boot bearing. REFER to Section 211-04. TEST the system for normal operation. If the noise is from suspension components, INSTALL new suspension components as necessary. REFER to Section 204-01 for the front suspension or Section 204-02 for the rear suspension. TEST the system for normal operation. If the noise is from loose, worn, or damaged intermediate shaft U-joint(s), INSTALL a new steering column shaft. REFER to Section 211-04. TEST the system for normal operation. If a squeak is present in the steering column, REPAIR the steering column mountings or align the steering column as necessary. REFER to Section 211-04. TEST the system for normal operation. For all other concerns, GO to A2. (Continued)

211-00-8 Steering System General Information 211-00-8 A2 A3 A4 PINPOINT TEST A: STEERING SYSTEM NOISE (Continued) VERIFY THE CONCERN NOTE: Make sure the vehicle is on a flat dry surface, the Yes transmission is in PARK, and the windows are rolled up. If a grunt noise is present, verify the NOTE: Some power steering noise is expected. If in doubt of the steering column dash boot is OK and the acceptability of the noise level, evaluate another vehicle of the exhaust system is not grounding out. same model and powertrain. If a moan is present, verify that the inner Key in START position. tie-rod, tie-rod ends, and ball joints are Turn the steering wheel one-half turn off-center to the right then OK. one-half turn off-center to the left. GO to A3. Is the power steering noisy? If a squeal is present, INSPECT and INSTALL a new engine drive belt or belt tensioner as necessary. REFER to Section 303-05. TEST the system for normal operation. If the steering system noise is a hiss or whistle, INSPECT the dash boot at the instrument panel cowl. REPAIR or INSTALL a new dash boot as necessary. REFER to Section 211-04. TEST the system for normal operation. INSPECT the steering gear input shaft and valve for wear or damage. REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the system for normal operation. INSPECT the power steering gear, the intermediate shaft, and the power steering lines and hoses for grounding to the body and repair as necessary. INSPECT for openings or missing plugs in the instrument panel cowl and repair as necessary. TEST the system for normal operation. If there are no missing plugs or openings in the instrument panel cowl, and no grounded power steering gear, intermediate shaft, or power steering lines or hoses, GO to A6. CHECK FOR COLD START NOISE NOTE: Some noise during an extremely cold start (-25.5 C [-14 F]) Yes is normal and should improve as the steering system warms up CHECK for contamination in the power (usually within 60 seconds). steering reservoir screen. FLUSH the Key in START position. power steering system as necessary. Verify the noise condition. REFER to Power Steering System Is the noise present only during cold start up? Flushing in this TEST the system for normal operation. GO to A4. INSPECT THE POWER STEERING FLUID Key in OFF position. Yes With the engine OFF, inspect the power steering fluid for GO to A5. aeration. Is the power steering fluid foamy or aerated? PURGE the power steering system. REFER to Power Steering System Purging in this TEST the system for normal operation. If a whine or moan is still present, INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the system for normal operation. If a grunt is still present, INSTALL a new power steering gear. REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the system for normal operation. (Continued)

211-00-9 Steering System General Information 211-00-9 A5 A6 PINPOINT TEST A: STEERING SYSTEM NOISE (Continued) CHECK THE POWER STEERING FLUID LEVEL WITH THE ENGINE ON AND OFF NOTE: Record the vacuum level when the pump noise occurs with no steering input. Vacuum level should be greater than 51 kpa (15 in/hg) with the CIII pump. Yes Key in START position. PURGE the power steering system. With the engine running, inspect the power steering fluid level. REFER to Power Steering System Purging Key in OFF position. in this TEST the system for With the engine off, inspect the power steering fluid level. normal operation. Does the power steering fluid level change with the engine off? GO to A6. CHECK THE POWER STEERING PUMP NOTE: Do not turn the steering wheel to either the right or left stop. Yes Power steering relief noise will occur and is normal at the stop INSTALL a new power steering gear. positions. REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the Key in START position. system for normal operation. With the engine running, rotate the steering wheel 90 degrees to the left then to the right. INSTALL a new power steering pump. Does the frequency of the hiss change between the left and REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the right positions? system for normal operation. Pinpoint Test B: Steering is Very Difficult/Very Easy rmal Operation The power steering pump, which is driven by the crankshaft through a drive belt and pulleys, develops the hydraulic pressure necessary to operate the system. When the engine is running, fluid is drawn into the power steering pump from the power steering pump reservoir. Hydraulic fluid is pressurized in the power steering pump and sent to the steering gear. The rotary valve determines fluid direction to assist the driver in the turning of the vehicle. When the steering wheel is turned, the steering gear converts this hydraulic pressure and flow into mechanical motion that moves the front wheels in the direction of the turn. The steering gear uses tie-rods to connect the front knuckles, which then pivot on the ball joints, steering the vehicle. Possible Causes intermediate shaft intermediate shaft U-joints steering column steering column bearings steering gear power steering pump power steering hoses ball joints B1 PINPOINT TEST B: STEERING IS VERY DIFFICULT/VERY EASY CHECK THE STEERING COLUMN BEARINGS AND THE INTERMEDIATE SHAFT NOTE: Be sure to keep the clockspring centered when Yes disconnecting the intermediate shaft. Refer to Section 501-20B. GO to B2. Check the steering column and intermediate shaft for grounding. Disconnect the steering column intermediate shaft at the If the steering column or the intermediate steering column. shaft is grounding, REPAIR as necessary. Verify that the intermediate shaft universal joints do not bind and TEST the system for normal operation. move freely and that the steering column bearing rotates freely. Are the steering column bearings and intermediate shaft If the steering column bearings or the universal joints OK? intermediate shaft are binding, INSTALL a new intermediate shaft or steering column. REFER to Section 211-04. TEST the system for normal operation. (Continued)

211-00-10 Steering System General Information 211-00-10 B2 B3 PINPOINT TEST B: STEERING IS VERY DIFFICULT/VERY EASY (Continued) CHECK THE FRONT BALL JOINTS AND UPPER STRUT BEARINGS Verify that the front ball joints and upper strut bearings move Yes freely and are not binding or sticking. Refer to Section 204-00 GO to B3. for the suspension diagnosis. Are the front ball joints and upper strut bearings OK? INSTALL new ball joints or upper strut bearings as necessary. REFER to Section 204-01. TEST the system for normal operation. MONITOR ENGINE RPM CHANGES NOTE: Make sure that the vehicle is on a flat dry surface. Yes Key in START position. If no power steering assist is present and the engine rpm changes, INSTALL a new CAUTION: Do not hold the steering wheel at the steering gear. REFER to Section 211-02. stops for an extended amount of time. Damage to the power TEST the system for normal operation. steering pump can occur. If left-to-right variation is present, INSTALL Turn the steering wheel once to the left stop position and then to a new steering gear. REFER to Section the right stop position. 211-02. TEST the system for normal te the engine rpm during the turns. operation. Does the engine rpm change when turning the steering wheel? If excessive effort is required in one or both directions, INSTALL a new power steering pump. REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the system for normal operation. CARRY OUT the Power Steering Pump Flow and Pressure Test. REFER to the Component Tests in this Pinpoint Test C: Excessive Steering Wheel Play rmal Operation When the steering wheel is turned, the steering shaft rotates in the steering column on bearings. When the engine is running, fluid is drawn into the power steering pump from the power steering pump reservoir. Hydraulic fluid is pressurized in the power steering pump and sent to the steering gear. The rotary valve determines fluid direction to assist the driver in the turning of the vehicle. When the steering wheel is turned, the steering gear converts this hydraulic pressure and flow into mechanical motion that moves the front wheels in the direction of the turn. The steering gear uses inner tie-rods and tie-rod ends to connect the front knuckles, which then pivot on the ball joints, steering the vehicle. Possible Causes steering column bearings steering linkage suspension components C1 PINPOINT TEST C: EXCESSIVE STEERING WHEEL PLAY CHECK THE STEERING COLUMN BEARINGS Inspect the steering column mounting fasteners and bearings for Yes looseness. GO to C2. Are the fasteners and bearings OK? TIGHTEN the steering column mounting fasteners or INSTALL a new steering column. REFER to Section 211-04. TEST the system for normal operation. (Continued)

211-00-11 Steering System General Information 211-00-11 C2 PINPOINT TEST C: EXCESSIVE STEERING WHEEL PLAY (Continued) CHECK THE STEERING LINKAGE FOR LOOSENESS Carry out the steering linkage component test. Refer to Yes Component Tests in this REFER to Section 204-00 to diagnose the Is the steering linkage OK? suspension components. INSTALL new steering linkage components as necessary. REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the system for normal operation. Pinpoint Test D: Steering System Drift/Pull/Wander rmal Operation When the steering wheel is turned, the steering shaft rotates in the steering column on bearings. When the engine is running, fluid is drawn into the power steering pump from the power steering pump reservoir. Hydraulic fluid is pressurized in the power steering pump and sent to the steering gear. The rotary valve determines fluid direction to assist the driver in the turning of the vehicle. When the steering wheel is turned, the steering gear converts this hydraulic pressure and flow into mechanical motion that moves the front wheels in the direction of the turn. The steering gear uses inner tie-rods and tie-rod ends to connect the front knuckles, which then pivot on the ball joints, steering the vehicle. Possible Causes steering gear intermediate shaft intermediate shaft U-joints steering gear mounts suspension components D1 D2 D3 PINPOINT TEST D: STEERING SYSTEM DRIFT/PULL/WANDER CHECK FOR TIRE PULL Rotate the front wheel and tire assemblies side to side. Refer to Yes Section 204-04. If vehicle pulls in the opposite direction, Carry out a road test on a smooth, flat road. GO to D2. Does the vehicle drift/pull? If vehicle pulls in the original direction, GO to D3. The concern has been corrected. ROTATE THE WHEEL AND TIRE ASSEMBLIES FRONT TO REAR Rotate the wheel and tire assemblies front to rear. Refer to Yes Section 204-04. GO to D3. Carry out a road test on a smooth, flat road. Does the vehicle drift/pull? The concern has been corrected. CHECK THE STEERING COLUMN INTERMEDIATE SHAFT NOTE: Be sure to keep the clockspring centered when disconnecting the intermediate shaft. Refer to Section 501-20B. Yes Check the steering column and intermediate shaft for grounding. GO to D4. Disconnect the steering column intermediate shaft at the steering column. INSTALL a new steering column Inspect the steering column intermediate shaft U-joints for intermediate shaft. REFER to Section looseness or wear. 211-04. TEST the system for normal Are the steering column intermediate shaft u- joints OK? operation. (Continued)

211-00-12 Steering System General Information 211-00-12 D4 D5 D6 D7 PINPOINT TEST D: STEERING SYSTEM DRIFT/PULL/WANDER (Continued) CHECK THE STEERING GEAR MOUNTING Check the steering gear mounts for looseness or wear. Yes Are the steering gear mounts OK? GO to D5. INSTALL a new steering gear. REFER to Section 211-02. CHECK THE STEERING GEAR Carry out the Steering Gear Valve component test. Refer to Yes Component Tests in this GO to D6. Is the steering gear valve OK? REPAIR or INSTALL a new steering gear. REFER to Section 211-02. TEST the system for normal operation. CHECK THE SUSPENSION COMPONENTS Check for loose or worn suspension components. Refer to Yes Section 204-00. GO to D7. Are the suspension components OK? INSTALL new suspension components. REFER to Section 204-01 for the front suspension or Section 204-02 for the rear suspension. TEST the system for normal operation. CHECK THE WHEEL ALIGNMENT NOTE: The vehicle will tend to pull toward the side with the least Yes positive caster and the most positive camber. CHECK for correct frame alignments. Using a suitable alignment system, measure the wheel REFER to Section 502-00. alignment settings. Refer to Section 204-00. Are the alignment settings within specifications? ADJUST the alignment angles to specifications. DO NOT exceed the specifications. TEST the system for normal operation. Component Tests Turning Effort Test Steering Linkage NOTE: Make sure that the front wheels are correctly aligned and the tire pressure is correct 1. NOTE: Excessive vertical motion of the studs before checking the steering effort. relative to the sockets may indicate excessive wear. 1. Park the vehicle on dry concrete and set the parking brake. With the vehicle on the ground and the parking brake applied, start the vehicle and carry out 2. Insert a thermometer into the power steering the following: fluid reservoir. Have an assistant rotate the steering wheel 3. CAUTION: Do not hold the steering back and forth 360 degrees and watch for wheel against the stops for more than 3 to 5 relative motion of the studs in the steering seconds at a time. Damage to the power linkage ball sockets. steering pump can occur. Watch for loose steering gear mounting. Idle the engine for 2 to 3 minutes. Turn the 2. steering wheel from stop to stop several times An additional check is with the key ON engine to warm the fluid to 50-60 C (122-140 F). OFF and the front wheels raised off the ground, grasp the wheel at the front and rear and watch 4. With the engine running, attach the spring scale for excessive play or binding in the joints while to the rim of the steering wheel. trying to steer the wheels. 5. Measure the pull required to turn the steering 3. Install new components if necessary. Tighten wheel one complete revolution in each any worn, damaged, or loose components. direction. Refer to General Specifications, Steering Wheel Turning Effort in this

211-00-13 Steering System General Information 211-00-13 Power Steering Pump Flow and Pressure 8. CAUTION: Do not allow the gate valve Test to remain closed for more than 5 seconds. WARNING: Do not touch the flowmeter Completely close and partially open the gate during the test procedure or severe burns and valve 3 times. Record the pressure relief valve serious injury can occur. Failure to follow these actuation pressure reading. instructions may result in personal injury. If the pressure does not meet the relief 1. CAUTION: Make sure that the pressure specification, then install a new connection point does not interfere with any power steering pump. Refer to General of the engine accessory drive components or Specifications, Power Steering Pump in this drive belts. Install the power steering analyzer at the high 9. Set engine speed to 2,100 rpm. Record the flow pressure port of the power steering pump. Make rate. sure the power steering analyzer gate valve is If the flow rate varies more than 3.785 fully open. liters/minute (1 gallon/minute) from the 2. Place a dial thermometer in the power steering initial flow rate reading, install a new power fluid reservoir. steering pump. Refer to General 3. Check the power steering fluid level. If Specifications, Power Steering Pump in this necessary, add the specified power steering fluid. 10. CAUTION: Do not hold the steering 4. Install a digital tachometer. wheel against the stops for more than 3 to 5 5. seconds at a time. Damage to the power CAUTION: Do not hold the steering steering pump can occur. wheel against the stops for more than 3 to 5 seconds at a time. Damage to the power Set the engine speed at idle. Turn (or have an steering pump can occur. assistant turn) the steering wheel to the left and Start the engine. Place the transmission in right stops. Record flow rate and pressure NEUTRAL. Set the parking brake. Raise the readings at the stops. power steering fluid temperature to 41-46 C The pressure reading at both stops should be (105-115 F) by rotating the steering wheel fully nearly the same as the maximum pump to the left and right several times. relief pressure. 6. With the steering wheel in the straight-ahead The flow rate should drop to less than 1.9 position, set the engine speed to 2,100 rpm. liters/minute (0.5 gallons/minute). Record the flow rate and pressure readings. If the pressure does not reach the maximum If the flow rate is less than the flow rate pump relief pressure or the flow rate does specification, continue with the test not drop to less than the specified value, procedure. Refer to General Specifications, excessive internal leakage is occurring. Power Steering Pump in this Install a new steering gear as necessary. If the pressure reading is greater than the Refer to Section 211-02. maximum pressure specification, check the 11. Turn (or have an assistant turn) the steering power steering hoses for kinks and wheel slightly in both directions and release restrictions. quickly while watching the pressure gauge. 7. Partially close the gate valve to obtain 5,171 The pressure reading should move from the kpa (750 psi). Set the engine speed at idle. normal backpressure reading and snap back Record the flow rate. as the steering wheel is released. If the flow is less than the specified flow If the pressure returns slowly or sticks, the rate, install a new power steering pump. rotary valve in the steering gear is sticking Refer to General Specifications, Power or the steering column is binding. Check the Steering Pump in this steering column and linkages before repairing the steering gear.

211-00-14 Steering System General Information 211-00-14 Steering Gear Valve 3. If the vehicle pulls to the opposite side, switch 1. With the vehicle in motion, place the the front wheels with the rear wheels keeping transmission in NEUTRAL and turn the engine them on the same side of the vehicle. OFF. 4. If the vehicle pull direction does not change, If the vehicle does not pull with the engine check the front suspension components, wheel OFF, repair or install a new steering gear. alignment, and frame alignment. Refer to Refer to Section 211-02. Section 204-00 or an appropriate frame dimensions manual. 2. If the vehicle pulls with the engine OFF, switch the right side front wheel to the left side of the vehicle and the left side front wheel to the right side of the vehicle.