Grain: World Markets and Trade

Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Circular Series FG 4-7 April 7 Grain: World Markets and Trade MMT 6 World Rye Trade Dwindles EU Rye Intervention Ending Stocks MMT 2. World Trade 4 2 1. Total World Trade 2 1. EU Exports 2/3 3/4 4/ /6 6/7* *As of March 24, 27 World rye trade is expected to fall to a 3-year low this year as a dearth of intervention stocks has restricted EU exports. These intervention stockpiles had swelled to over million tons in recent years as the European Union bought excess rye production at an attractive guaranteed price of 11 euros per ton. However, in 23/4, the Commission discontinued intervention purchases for rye and became aggressive in trying to liquidate these stocks. One of the major methods to accomplish that goal was to sell for export, often at only half the acquisition cost. Those sales typically accounted for nearly all of EU exports and a large portion of world trade. Now, with intervention stocks effectively at zero, this source for exports is no longer an option and free-market supplies are unlikely to fill this void because of a number of factors. First, some EU farmers have shifted out of rye production, reducing the surplus available for export. For example, EU production this year was the lowest on record, with area down by half from 1 years ago. Second, the building of ethanol plants that use rye as a feedstock have created an additional market opportunity for producers. And third, without the bargain prices, there is little incentive for foreign markets such as Japan and South Korea to buy rye when other grains offer more feed value. Because of this, EU exports, and thus world rye trade, is likely to continue to remain at low levels. 98/99 99/ /1 1/2 Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board - USDA 2/3 3/4 4/ /6 6/7

TABLE OF CONTENTS World Markets and Trade: Commentary and Current Data Wheat... 4 Rice... 1 Coarse Grains... 1 Historical Data Series for Selected Regions and Countries... 38 Endnotes to Grain: World Markets and Trade... 63 Circular Modifications: The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) will update its production, supply and distribution database for cotton, oilseeds, grains and pulses at 9 a.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. It is available on the FAS website (http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/). This circular will be released at 9:3 a.m. on the same day, together with its downloadable data set. This is an effort to speed up FAS information dissemination to more closely coincide with the release of the WASDE. Grain: World Markets and Trade, April 27 2

All Grain Summary Comparison Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 24/ 2/6 24/ 2/6 24/ 2/6 Production (Jun-May) 8.7 7.3 49.3 7. 7.1 6.2 299.9 282.3 267.6 Other 69.8 63.9 4.2 393.2 41.9 48.9 412.7 412.9 428.2 628.6 621.2 94. 4.7 418. 41. 712.6 69.2 69.8 Domestic Consumption (Jun-May) 31.8 31.2 32. 3.9 3.8 3.9 224.6 231.7 238.4 Other 76.9 87.4 89.7 42. 49.1 411.8 49.4 467.7 48. 68.7 618.6 621.8 46. 412.9 41.8 684. 699. 723.4 Ending Stocks (Jun-May) 14.7 1. 11. 1.2 1.4 1. 3.7. 22.3 Other 136. 132.3 19.7 76.9 8.1 77.9 77.6 74.2 69. 11.2 147.9 121.2 78.1 81. 79. 131.3 124.2 91.8 TY Imports (Jun-May) 1.9 2.3 3.1.4.6.7.3.2.3 Other 18.2 18. 1.2 26. 2. 27. 76. 79. 81.9 11.2 11.9 18.3 26.9 26.1 27.6 76.3 79.7 82.2 TY Exports (Jun-May) 28. 27.4 24. 3.9 3.4 3.3 4.3 6.2 6. Other 84.7 86.1 8.9 2.1 2. 26.1 31.2 26.9 29.1 113.1 113.6 11.4 29. 28.4 29.4 76.6 83.1 8.1 Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports differs from global totals shown elsewhere. Marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).

MONTHLY HIGHLIGHTS: WHEAT: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE U.S. Spring Wheat Area Expected to Fall to a 2-Year Low: Total U.S. spring wheat planted area is forecast to continue to shrink in 27 because wheat area in the Northern Plains is expected to shift into corn as a result of high prices and strong demand for ethanol use. Nondurum spring wheat area is forecast to fall 7 percent, while durum area is expected to rise 6 percent from last year s very low level. Smaller than expected spring wheat area will be more than offset by a boost in winter area as a result of high prices at planting last fall. Consequently, total U.S. production is expected to be larger next year, which could allow for stronger exports. PRICES: Million Acres 2 2 1 1 1996/97 Spring Wheat Planted Area Drops Other Spring Wheat 1997/98 1998/99 1999/ 2/1 21/2 22/3 23/4 24/ *27/8 is prospective planted area Total Spring Wheat Durum Domestic: For March, most class prices fell on lower corn prices as well as expectations of a bigger new crop due to larger planted area and continued favorable growing conditions. White prices have sky-rocketed due to strong demand in Asia, which is the result of slack competition from Australia. For the month, Hard Red Winter (HRW) fell $1 per MT, Hard Red Spring (HRS) fell $, Soft Red Winter (SRW) fell $16, and Soft White (SWW) climbed $18. U.S. Weekly FOB Export Bids 2/6 27/8* 23 22 21 $/MT 2 19 18 17 16 1/ 1/12 1/19 1/26 2/2 2/9 2/16 2/23 3/2 3/9 3/16 3/23 3/3 U.S. No.1 HRW 11% (Gulf) U.S. No.2 SRW (Gulf) U.S. No.1 SWW (P NW) US No.1 DNS 14% (PNW) Grain: World Markets and Trade, April 27 4

TRADE CHANGES IN 26/27 Selected Exporters Russia is up, tons to 1. million on continued larger than expected exports to Mediterranean and South Asian markets. Syria is up 9, tons to 1. million on strong exports, reflecting government decisions to sell stocks. Shipments were strong, particularly to Jordan and North African countries such as Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia. Kazakhstan is up, tons to. million on a very robust export pace. Canada is down 1. million tons to 19. million due to slower export shipments. is down 1. million tons to 13. million on reduced export sales and shipments. Licenses (wheat and flour) are 3.1 million tons (26 percent) behind last year s pace to date. Selected Importers India is up 3, tons to 6.3 million on 8, tons of private imports, which originated mostly from Australia, Ukraine, and Russia. This supplements the. million tons bought through five public tenders issued by the State Trading Corporation of India. Indonesia is up 3, tons to.1 million on stronger imports. Morocco is down 4, tons to 1. million on a slow import pace in light of a record crop. Libya is down 3, tons to 1. million on decelerated buying patterns of flour from the EU. Grain: World Markets and Trade, April 27

World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Exports Argentina 6,276 7,346 13,2 8,31 1, 1, Australia 1,946 1,96 1,826 1,213 12, 12, Canada 9,393 1,26 1,142 1,644 2, 19, China, Peoples Republic of 1,718 2,824 1,171 1,397 2, 2, 19,94 1,931 14,367 1,32 14, 13, Kazakhstan, Republic of 6,238 4,11 2,7 3,,, Russian Federation 12,621 3,114 7,91 1,664 1, 1, Syria 8 1,2 6 6 6 1, Turkey 839 84 2,217 2,9 2, 2, Ukraine 6,69 66 4,31 6,461 2,8 2,8 11,998 11,161 6,829 6,92 6,81 6,8 87,338 72,228 84,66 86,132 86,21 8,88 22,834 32,29 28,464 27,424 24, 24, 11,172 14,23 113,12 113,6 11,71 11,38 TY Imports Algeria 6,79 3,933,398,469 4,8 4,6 Bangladesh 1,33 1,94 2,8 2,9 2,1 2,1 Brazil 6,631,9,39 6,194 7, 7, Colombia 1,166 1,246 1,248 1,314 1,3 1,3 Egypt 6,327 7,29 8,1 7,771 7, 7, 13,921,912 7,393 7,69 6,8 6,8 India 19 8 14 118 6, 6,3 Indonesia 3,984 4,3 4,661 4,981 4,8,1 Iraq 1,79 1,92 3,1 4,878 3, 3, Israel 1,691 91 1,49 1,663 1,2 1,3 Japan,79,71,744,469,, Korea, Republic of 4,2 3,434 3,91 3,884 3,6 3,6 Malaysia 1,19 1,329 1,412 1,216 1,3 1,2 Mexico 3,161 3,644 3,717 3,49 3,6 3,6 Morocco 2,72 2,414 2,272 2,418 1,9 1, Nigeria 2,34 2,383 3,14 3,66 3, 3, Peru 1,17 1,488 1,449 1,66 1, 1, Philippines 3,23 2,97 2,93 2,94 2,7 2,7 Russian Federation 1,4 1,26 1,197 1,282 1,2 1,2 Sudan 86 99 1,22 1,69 1,4 1,4 Thailand 89 1,139 1,81 1,174 1,2 1,2 Tunisia 2,167 781 1,79 1,263 1,2 1,2 Venezuela 961 1,38 1,4 1,691 1,6 1,7 Vietnam 87 83 1,226 1,181 1,3 1,3 Yemen 1,772 1,63 1,83 2,143 1,9 2,1 31,68 3,3 36,179 31,348 27,49 26,94 1,773 99,976 18,223 18,49 1,49 1,24 Unaccounted 2,441 2,787 2,91 2,698 2,11 2,4 1,98 1,76 1,946 2,39 3,1 3,1 11,172 14,23 113,12 113,6 11,71 11,38

World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr Production Argentina 12,3 14, 16, 14, 14,2 14,2 Australia 1,132 26,132 22,6 2, 1, 1, Canada 16,198 23,2 2,86 26,77 27,3 27,3 China, Peoples Republic of 9,29 86,49 91,9 97,4 13, 13, Egypt 6,3 6,443 7,177 8,184 8,2 8,274 124,829 16,878 136,778 122,66 117,2 117,2 India 71,81 6,1 72,1 68,64 69,3 69,3 Iran 12,4 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, Kazakhstan, Republic of 12,6 11, 9,9 11, 13, 13, Morocco 3,37,147,4 3,43 6,1 6,327 Pakistan 18,227 19,183 19, 21,78 21,7 21,7 Russian Federation, 34,1 4,4 47,7 44,9 44,9 Turkey 16,8 16,8 18, 18, 18, 18, Ukraine 2,6 3,6 17, 18,7 14, 14, Uzbekistan, Republic of,,4,2,8,8,8 2,13 2,936 61,692 6,214,64 6,733 23,912 49,761 69,847 63,879 43,792 4,186 43,7 63,814 8,738 7,28 49,316 49,316 67,617 4,7 628,8 621,19 93,18 94,2 Total Consumption Algeria 6,6 6,8 7,3 7, 7,7 7, Australia 6,178,96 6,2 6,4 7,2 7,2 Brazil 9,89 9,8 1,2 1,8 1,4 1,4 Canada 8,181 7,9 9,386 9,168 1,16 1,16 China, Peoples Republic of 1,2 14, 12, 11, 11, 11, Egypt 12,8 13,3 14,2 14,8 1,6 1,6 118,1 17,9 11,2 119, 118, 118, India 74,294 68,28 72,838 69,971 73, 73,9 Iran 14,3 14,3 14, 14,8 1,2 1,2 Kazakhstan, Republic of 6,8 6,8 7,4 7,4 8,1 7,8 Morocco 6,22 6,4 6,9 7,1 7,4 7,2 Pakistan 18,38 19,1 2, 21, 21,9 21,9 Russian Federation 39,32 3, 37,4 38,4 37,1 36,8 Turkey 16,8 16,8 16,8 16,1 16,6 16,6 Ukraine 14, 9,2 11,7 12, 11, 11, 11,322 116,6 124,883 13,434 127,697 128,381 73,281,932 78,13 93,38 88,11 89,1 3,448 32,7 31,823 31,191 31,32 32,2 63,729 88,439 69,98 624,499 619,336 621,17 Ending Stocks Canada,72 6,8 7,922 9,78 6,93 7,93 China, Peoples Republic of 6,378 43,293 38,819 34,89 3,9 3,44 Egypt 1,316 1,744 2,861 4,6 3,96 3,67 16,643 1,62 2,26 2,948 12,8 13,3 India 1,7 6,9 4,1 2, 3, 3, Kazakhstan, Republic of 3,673 3,777 3,642 4,283 4,698 4,498 Syria,72,212,22,483,233 4,333 44,79 4,116 48,722 1,2 36,366 37,44 13,86 117,724 136,24 132,338 18,376 19,738 13,374 14,872 14,699 1,4 12,82 11,472 166,46 132,96 11,223 147,883 121,228 121,21

Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Imports North America,1,63,91 6,136 6,9 6,9 Central America 1,381 1, 1,1 1,14 1,2 1,4 Caribbean 1,774 1,839 2,34 1,926 1,9 1,8 South America 11,394 11,27 1,826 12,687 13,44 13,74 European Union 14,21 8,684 7,76 7,74 6,92 6,92 Other Europe 1,371 1,47 1,464 1,47 1,37 1,4 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,61 7,26 4,48 4,729 4,44 4,34 Middle East 11,7 8,813 1,22 13,22 1, 1,4 North Africa 18,714 1,48 18,47 18,6 16,2 1,3 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,63 9,713 12,91 13,6 11,8 11,6 East Asia 12,236 1,32 18,37 12,83 12, 11,9 South Asia 3,69 3,8 4,881 4,374 9,48 9,78 Southeast Asia 1,663 11,177 11,429 11,923 11,77 11,97 Oceania 896 648 74 71 68 68 Total 17,731 11,736 11,169 11,88 18,9 18,34 Production North America 63,133 9,66 87,18 87,7 79,716 79,866 Central America 1 1 1 1 1 1 Caribbean South America 17,93 23,632 2,261 22,449 19,473 19,49 European Union 132,79 11,78 146,878 132,8 12,2 124,979 Other Europe 4,892 3,864,438 4,21 4,2 4,33 Former Soviet Union - 12 96,949 6,91 86,8 91,93 86,1 86,1 Middle East 37,991 39,486 41,463 42,2 41,3 41,3 North Africa 11,74 16,28 17,166 1,178 18,32 18,626 Sub-Saharan Africa,19 4,497 4,919,7 6,21 6,941 East Asia 91,442 87,73 93,179 98,646 14,77 14,744 South Asia 9,33 9,966 97,696 96,8 97,3 97,3 Southeast Asia 96 17 13 1 148 164 Oceania 1,434 26,43 22,86 2,293 1,777 1,777 Total 67,617 4,7 628,8 621,19 93,18 94,2 Domestic Consumption North America 44,29 4,997 47,29 46,49 47,69 48,39 Central America 1,221 1,34 1,41 1,462 1,411 1,361 Caribbean 1,774 1,839 2,34 1,926 1,9 1,8 South America 22,3 23,24 23,493 24,633 23,867 24,217 European Union 12,74 11,2 123,1 127,47 12,2 12,7 Other Europe,679, 6,78,97,63,73 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,3 6,874 72,88 7,22 73,9 73,2 Middle East 46,71 46,78 48,98,12,28,3 North Africa 29,666 3,82 32,68 33,814 34,77 34,7 Sub-Saharan Africa 13,894 14,73 16,24 18,21 17,66 18,226 East Asia 117,731 116,19 114,47 113,494 113,14 113,14 South Asia 11,32 96,891 12,188 1,941 1,1 1,4 Southeast Asia 1,44 1,438 11,29 11,66 11,818 11,89 Oceania 7,83 6,831 7,122 7,341 8, 8, Total 63,433 81,96 68,73 618,64 62,437 621,771 Ending Stocks North America 19,849 21,69 22,997 2,6 19,77 19,477 Central America 19 18 18 18 18 16 Caribbean 2 2 2 2 2 2 South America 3,17 2,992 2,86 3,38 2,143 2,32 European Union 18,491 11,14 27,488 23,3 13,844 14,189 Other Europe 1,38 1,11 1,673 1,21 988 1,18 Former Soviet Union - 12 16,48 1,986 14,47 1,171 13,741 13,341 Middle East 13,37 12,487 12,2 12,17 1,1 9,822 North Africa,99 7,467 1,22 9,911 9,36 9,42 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,8 1,18 1,234 1,393 1,183 1,333 East Asia 63,218 46,249 41,934 37,914 38,461 38,278 South Asia 17,91 9,2 7,2 6,41 6,63 7,71 Southeast Asia 1,72 2,3 2,2 2,1 1,614 1,826 Oceania 3,328,48 7,26 9,931 2,813 2,813 Total 166,46 132,96 11,223 147,883 121,228 121,21

22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on an international year basis. All other data are reported using marketing years.

RICE: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE PRICES: Nominal Rice Quotes 22 to Present International: Thai quotes are up $ from last month to $326 per ton, FOB, on account of increased demand. Nominal quotes out of Vietnam are at $311 per ton, FOB and reflect tight supplies. 47 42 37 32 Domestic: U.S. #2/4 long grain milled rice quotes are down $11 from last month to $417 per ton, FOB. However, the spread between U.S. and Thai quotes is still $93, compared to $67 per ton this time last year. California medium grain #1/4 prices remain unchanged from last month at $3 per ton, FOB. 27 22 17 12 7 11/26/2 /4/4 1/11/ Thai 1B US #2/4 Viet % 4/3/7 TRADE CHANGES FOR 27 Ind % Pak 1/2 Selected Exporters Pakistan is up 1, tons to 3.1 million tons in anticipation of stronger trade. Thailand and Vietnam are both up 1, tons to 8.8 million tons and million tons respectively as sales are expected to remain robust, supported by government policies that encourage exports. Selected Importers Colombia is up 1, tons to 2, tons due to an anticipated drop in production. Iraq is up 1, tons to 1.3 million tons as strong demand is expected to carryover from the previous year. Grain: World Markets and Trade, April 27 1

World Rice Trade January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Exports Argentina 17 249 34 487 Australia 141 131 2 317 1 1 Brazil 19 37 272 29 1 1 Burma, Union of 388 13 19 47 1 1 Cambodia 1 3 2 3 4 4 China, Peoples Republic of 2,83 88 66 1,216 1,2 1,2 Egypt 79 826 1,9 98 9 9 22 187 21 144 1 1 Guyana 2 243 182 17 17 17 India 4,421 3,172 4,687 4, 4,3 4,3 Japan 2 2 2 2 2 2 Pakistan 1,98 1,986 3,32 3, 3, 3,1 Thailand 7,2 1,137 7,274 7,376 8,7 8,8 Uruguay 67 84 762 812 62 62 Vietnam 3,79 4,29,174 4,7 4,9, 83 17 82 421 36 36 23,741 24,94 2,147 24,993 2,81 26,6 3,834 3,9 3,862 3,36 3,3 3,3 27,7 27,184 29,9 28,33 29,11 29,36 TY Imports Bangladesh 1,112 81 78 6 6 6 Brazil 1,63 762 47 691 8 8 Cameroon 2 27 3 27 3 3 Canada 242 28 321 33 3 3 China, Peoples Republic of 28 1,122 69 63 8 8 Cote d'ivoire 7 74 867 8 8 8 Cuba 371 639 736 91 7 7 9 1,79 968 1,1 1,1 1,1 Ghana 37 42 4 4 4 4 Haiti 34 269 328 418 3 3 Hong Kong 37 39 31 31 31 31 Indonesia 2,7 6 1,8 1,8 Iran 9 9 983 1,2 9 9 Iraq 672 889 786 1,3 1,2 1,3 Japan 64 76 787 6 6 6 Malaysia 7 71 8 8 8 Mexico 82 21 3 8 6 6 Mozambique 232 37 3 3 3 3 Nigeria 1,448 1,369 1,777 1,6 1,7 1,7 Philippines 1,3 1,1 1,89 1,9 1,8 1,8 Russian Federation 38 3 3 34 32 32 Saudi Arabia 1,1 1, 1,37 1, 1, 1, Senegal 7 8 1,2 7 8 8 Singapore 37 346 37 37 37 37 South Africa, Republic of 72 818 8 8 8 8 6,713 7, 7,741 6,971 6,96 7,6 2,141 24,83 26,26 2,44 26,766 26,966 Unaccounted 1,976 1,872 2,64 2,266 1,669 1,719 48 477 419 633 67 67 27,7 27,184 29,9 28,33 29,11 29,36 Note about dates: is calendar year 27, 2/6 is calendar year 26, and so on.

World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr Milled Production Bangladesh 2,187 26,12 2,6 28,78 29,1 29,1 Brazil 7, 8,79 8,996 7,874 7,7 7,7 Burma, Union of 1,788 1,73 9,7 1,44 1, 1,6 Cambodia 2,4 2,96 2,63 3,78 3,2 3,2 China, Peoples Republic of 122,18 112,462 12,363 126,414 128, 128, Egypt 3,7 3,9 4,128 4,13 4,14 4,383 India 71,82 88,3 83,13 91,79 91, 91, Indonesia 33,411 3,24 34,83 34,99 33,3 33,3 Japan 8,89 7,91 7,944 8,27 7,94 7,786 Korea, Republic of 4,927 4,41, 4,768 4,68 4,68 Nigeria 2,2 2,2 2,3 2,7 2,8 2,9 Pakistan 4,479 4,848 4,92,47,6,2 Philippines 8,4 9,2 9,42 9,82 1, 1, Thailand 17,198 18,11 17,36 18,2 18,2 18,2 Vietnam 21,27 22,82 22,716 22,772 22,77 22,77 27,62 28,86 29,298 3,67 29,93 3,19 37,973 38,26 393,21 41,889 48,78 48,83 6,36 6,42 7,462 7,113 6,19 6,19 377,9 391,626 4,672 418,2 414,93 41,48 Total Consumption Bangladesh 26,1 26,7 26,9 29, 29,7 29,7 Brazil 8,1 8,687 8,86 8,974 8,9 8,9 Burma, Union of 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1, 1, China, Peoples Republic of 13,7 132,1 13,3 128, 127,8 127,8 Egypt 3,2 3,22 3,2 3,27 3,3 3,3 India 79,86 8,63 8,861 8,7 87, 87, Indonesia 36, 36, 3,8 3,8 3,8 3,8 Iran 3,7 3,1 3,12 3,17 3,22 3,22 Japan 8,742 8,37 8,3 8,2 8,2 8,2 Korea, Republic of,33 4,613 4,862 4,83 4,841 4,841 Nepal 2,7 2,983 2,867 2,818 2,81 2,81 Nigeria 3,7 4, 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,4 Philippines 9, 1,2 1,4 11, 11,3 11,3 Thailand 9,46 9,47 9,48 9, 9,49 9,49 Vietnam 17, 17,8 18, 18,2 18, 18, 41,94 43,49 44,443 4,81 4,8 4,3 43,84 49,98 43,98 41,874 413,88 413,686 3,34 3,66 3,93 3,89 3,918 3,918 47,374 412,74 47,92 414,683 417,726 417,64 Ending Stocks China, Peoples Republic of 63,311 43,91 38,931 36,782 36,82 36,82 India 11, 1,8 8, 1,2 1,47 9,72 Indonesia 4,344 4,18 3,448 3,17 2,47 2,47 Japan 2,466 1,7 1,919 2,426 2,616 2,412 Philippines 3,87 4,47 4,72,292,892,892 Thailand 3,32 1,76 2,312 3,686 3,877 3,777 Vietnam 4,6 4,32 4,164 4,331 4,12 3,91 13,398 14,14 13,89 13,91 12,222 13,198 1,693 84,633 76,93 8,9 78,78 77,939 829 761 1,211 1,37 988 1,2 16,22 8,394 78,146 81,46 79,66 78,99 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.

Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Imports North America 1,282 1,283 1,293 1,3 1,62 1,62 Central America 416 463 31 48 Caribbean 82 1,84 1,213 1,224 1,2 1,2 South America 1,449 1,111 966 1,86 1,2 1,3 European Union 1,4 1,184 1,8 1,19 1,19 1,19 Other Europe 119 12 13 13 11 11 Former Soviet Union - 12 4 26 26 21 496 496 Middle East 3,97 4,1 4,48 4,73 4,43 4,3 North Africa 238 22 261 22 22 22 Sub-Saharan Africa 6,91 7,244 8,383 7,13 7, 7, East Asia 2,166 2,948 2,6 2,368 2,3 2,3 South Asia 1,31 1,169 1,1 91 91 91 Southeast Asia,63 3,22 4,236 4,31,1,1 Oceania 244 238 26 22 22 22 Total 2,99 2,312 26,94 26,87 27,441 27,641 Production North America 6,669 6,62 7,67 7,294 6,376 6,376 Central America 74 3 466 7 11 11 Caribbean 86 838 666 736 73 73 South America 12,614 14,667 1,346 14,244 13,82 13,81 European Union 1,741 1,741 1,88 1,741 1,691 1,691 Other Europe 8 1 1 1 1 Former Soviet Union - 12 69 846 774 81 929 929 Middle East 2,11 2,483 2,611 2,737 2,848 2,848 North Africa 3,746 3,941 4,169 4,176 4,181 4,424 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,2 7,314 7,78 8,63 8,726 9,47 East Asia 137,917 126,628 14,88 142,72 143,214 143,6 South Asia 16,6 124,689 118,781 131,298 13,9 13, Southeast Asia 96,643 1,93 99,46 12,92 1,886 1,986 Oceania 313 39 231 749 76 76 Total 377,9 391,626 4,672 418,2 414,93 41,48 Domestic Consumption North America 4,476 4,666,6 4,919,68,68 Central America 9 976 1,2 1,6 1,63 1,63 Caribbean 1,61 1,877 1,87 1,846 1,97 1,97 South America 12,876 13,3 13,837 14,97 14,168 14,133 European Union 2,697 2,627 2,631 2,61 2,7 2,7 Other Europe 124 118 12 13 13 13 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,231 1,434 1,34 1,37 1,37 1,37 Middle East 6,694 6,697 6,62 7,3 7,17 7,24 North Africa 3,429 3,491 3,2 3,41 3,66 3,66 Sub-Saharan Africa 14,14 1,16 1,816 16,63 16,4 16,496 East Asia 13,1 148,44 147,42 144,293 143,96 144,6 South Asia 113,8 12,469 11,76 122,94 12,37 124,91 Southeast Asia 89,43 9,33 9,79 92,73 92,1 92,1 Oceania 3 4 4 Total 44,94 41,23 4,983 412,87 41,943 41,763 Ending Stocks North America 998 94 1,38 1,31 1,13 1,162 Central America 41 441 383 332 27 27 Caribbean 22 17 26 236 261 261 South America 2,17 3,1 3,668 3,2 2,323 2,467 European Union 96 974 1,138 1,27 1,289 1,288 Other Europe 4 4 6 6 6 Former Soviet Union - 12 38 191 117 99 129 129 Middle East 1,299 1,17 1,719 2,473 2,27 2,61 North Africa 87 719 2 44 297 87 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,78 2,297 2,18 2,74 1,73 2,1 East Asia 67,47 46,764 42, 4,486 4,449 4,24 South Asia 11,848 12,189 8,933 11,43 11,243 1,17 Southeast Asia 17,7 1,92 1,2 17,74 17,243 17,21 Oceania 632 412 11 137 137 Total 16,22 8,394 78,146 81,46 79,66 78,99

22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on an international year basis. All other data are reported using marketing years.

COARSE GRAINS: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE MONTHLY HIGHLIGHTS: Canadian Barley Farmers Vote to End Canadian Wheat Board s Monopoly On Barley: During the end of March the results of a barley plebiscite were announced indicating that a majority of Canadian farmers want to have greater choice in where to market their barley crop. Results show that 48 percent want the choice to market to the CWB or the open-market, 14 percent were in favor of getting the CWB out of barley marketing completely and only 38 percent voted to retain the CWB. As a result of this, on April 3, Chuck Strahl, Minister of Agriculture and Agri- Food and Minister for the Canadian Wheat Board, stated, "We now have a mandate from farmers to move to marketing choice, to provide Western Canadian grain growers with the freedom to choose how they market their barley. It is the Government s intention to make marketing choice a reality by August 1, 27 - in time for the coming crop year. Canada is typically the fifth largest barley exporter in the world, with exports this year expected at 1. million tons. The majority of exports are typically malting barley, primarily to the and China, whereas barley feed exports are usually shipped to Saudi Arabia and Japan. PRICES: Domestic: March export bids for U.S. #2 yellow corn averaged $172, down $7 per ton. Since mid-february, daily export bids for Gulf shipment have dropped over $4 per ton. Large planting intentions, and impacts from other $/MT $/MT 19 18 17 16 1 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 22 21 2 19 18 17 16 1 14 13 12 U.S. Gulf Export Bids Sep-3 Dec-3 Mar-4 Jun-4 Sep-4 Dec-4 Mar- Jun- Sep- Dec- Mar-6 Jun-6 Sep-6 Dec-6 Mar-7 1-Feb 22-Feb Sorghum (Texas Gulf) U.S. Gulf Export Bids 1-Mar 8-Mar 1-Mar Sorghum (Texas Gulf) 22-Mar Corn 29-Mar Corn -Apr Grain: World Markets and Trade, April 27 1

commodities markets have combined for a more bearish outlook. However, recent cold and wet weather in key growing areas and stronger soybean prices relative to corn have supported prices in recent days. TRADE CHANGES IN 26/27 Selected Exporters China corn is slashed by, tons to 3. million, the lowest in 8 years. The United States and Argentina remain competitive to North Asia, and there are no indications that China will approve significant additional corn export quotas. Paraguay corn jumps by 6, tons to 1.1 million on the basis of updated trade data showing strong shipments to Brazil. Argentine barley is raised 1, tons to 4, on larger production and strong sales to Brazil. sorghum is cut by 2, tons to 3.8 million, the lowest in 3 years, based on the slow pace of sales to Mexico. EU rye is cut 1, tons to 2,, the lowest in 2-years, on diminished intervention supplies and minimal free market export sales. Selected Importers Egypt corn is cut by, tons to 4.3 million because of slack demand from the poultry industry. South Africa corn is up again this month, now by 2, tons (to over 1 million) because of deteriorating production prospects. These would be the highest imports in over a decade. Brazil barley is raised 1, tons to 2, on strong purchases from Argentina. Mexico sorghum is lowered by 2, tons to 2.1 million based on the slowest purchase pace in over 1 years because of a shift to corn. Grain: World Markets and Trade, April 27 16

World Coarse Grain Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Exports Argentina 13, 1,834 14,371 11,243 14,4 14, Australia 2,472 6,72 4,996,622 2,23 2,23 Brazil 3,246 6,191 1,47 2,826,, Canada 1,712 3,474 3,217 4,1 3,6 3,6 China, Peoples Republic of 1,336 7,723 7,617 3,76 4,2 3,2 9,736 2,342,78 3,229 4,2 4,1 Paraguay 733 48 386 1,314 1,1 Russian Federation 3,494 1,767 1,34 1,4 2,1 2,1 Serbia and Montenegro 366 63 93 1,279 1,2 1,2 Ukraine 3,42 3,811 6,46 7,444,3,3 4,6,396,682,411 4,16 4,12 8,22 48,91 1,396 47,84 47,34 47,4 46,394 4,78,692 61,48 6,3 6,33 14,614 12,979 12,88 19,132 17,87 17,73 TY Imports Algeria 1,696 1,788 2,174 2,43 2,1 2,1 Brazil 93 96 74 1,96 6 8 Canada 4,98 2,81 2,339 2,29 2,7 2,7 Chile 1,11 1,148 1,189 1,662 1,71 1,71 China, Peoples Republic of 1,83 1,33 2,73 2,36 2,13 2,13 Colombia 2,428 2,232 2,16 3,38 3,2 3,2 Dominican Republic 96 824 1,31 1,68 1,3 1,3 Egypt 4,867 3,747,4 4,417 4,82 4,32 6,721 7,33 3,766 3,694,32,32 Guatemala 13 13 641 71 8 8 Indonesia 1,633 1,436 41 1,443 1,3 1,2 Iran 2,17 2,18 3,849 3,1 3,1 3,1 Israel 1,382 2,12 1,7 1,68 1,6 1,6 Japan 2,321 19,982 19,79 19,767 19,2 19,49 Jordan 82 771 938 1,223 1, 1, Korea, Republic of 8,881 8,987 8,71 8,4 8,86 8,86 Malaysia 2,48 2,41 2,46 2,17 2,6 2,6 Mexico 8,766 8,873 8,97 9,941 1,4 1,2 Morocco 1,212 1,326 1,989 2,27 1,9 1,9 Peru 992 1,114 1,366 1,67 1,4 1,4 Saudi Arabia 8,927 7,13 7,644 8,472 7, 7, South Africa, Republic of 7 612 277 1,34 97 1,17 Syria 1,198 1,41 2,281 2,6 2,1 2,2 Taiwan 4,829,114 4,77 4,633 4,66 4,66 Tunisia 1,46 883 1,228 1,224 1,2 1,2 1,864 11,16 1,63 11,24 9,8 9,74 11,29 97,621 98,879 12,817 12,2 12,2 Unaccounted 781 3,12 967 4,1 3,2 3,23 2,43 2,26 2,242 2,3 2,47 2,47 14,614 12,979 12,88 19,132 17,87 17,73

World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr Production Argentina 19,44 18,96 24,92 19,223 26,73 27,23 Brazil 47,97 44,881 37,874 44,167,79 2,9 Canada 19,892 26,326 26,447 26,36 23,491 23,491 China, Peoples Republic of 13,72 123,93 138,22 147,696 11,44 11,44 Egypt 7,7 6,81 6,9 6,992 6,93 7, Ethiopia 4,77 6,6 7,6 9,8 9,42 11,7 137,892 122,183 1,211 132,79 126,462 126,462 India 2,66 37,81 33,7 34,4 33,7 33,7 Mexico 26,42 3,277 28,947 2,833 29,13 28,73 Nigeria 19, 2,3 23,2 24,7 24,2 2,7 Romania 8,36 7,96 13,8 11,839 9,67 9,67 Russian Federation 33,4 3, 29,6 27,6 3,2 3,2 Serbia and Montenegro 6, 4,14 7,169 7,137 7,182 6,922 Turkey 9,96 1,4 11,4 11,94 1,84 1,84 Ukraine 17,11 1,6 23, 18,14 19,17 19,17 118,479 134,977 133,31 132,679 127,9 131,236 631,34 64,918 69,797 679,191 686,92 694,733 243,719 27,98 319,417 298,763 28,112 28,112 87,9 916,16 1,1,214 977,94 966,74 974,84 Domestic Consumption Argentina 7,427 7,47 9,8 9,423 1,373 1,73 Brazil 38,8 38,913 41,8 42,16 43,49 43,89 Canada 22,816 23,826 23,84 23,96 24,16 24,16 China, Peoples Republic of 136,41 138,61 141,172 147,4 11,38 11,38 Egypt 11,989 1,277 12,364 11,28 11,68 11,48 Ethiopia 4,784 6,6 7,6 8,88 9,2 1,8 13,386 134,84 138,817 132,44 13,12 13,22 India 26,7 36, 33,24 33,8 33,6 33,4 Japan 2,47 2,737 19,878 19,992 19,92 19,89 Mexico 3,33 37,332 38,276 37,6 39,8 38,68 Nigeria 19, 2,2 22,9 24,4 24, 2, Romania 8,2 8,9 11, 11,1 1,8 1,8 Russian Federation 29,8 33,2 29,4 27,7 28, 28, Turkey 1,674 11,186 11,4 11,32 11,4 11,4 Ukraine 13,262 14, 1,2 11,99 13,72 13,67 16,38 17,31 18,29 188,41 188,818 192,463 687,64 719,968 736,61 746,16 761,7 766,98 214,667 22,98 24,216 244,726 23,463 2,396 92,271 94,926 976,826 99,886 1,14,47 1,17,34 Ending Stocks Brazil 6,36 8,4 4,38 3,17 4,644,47 Canada 3,13 4,76 6,341 6,332 4,87 4,87 China, Peoples Republic of 66,369 4,481 37,17 3,88 33,979 34,473 21,646 12,622 23,689 22,988 1,66 1,64 Mexico 3,973,767,39 3,3 3,8 3,6 Saudi Arabia 2,64 2,434 2,78 3,198 2,888 2,888 Ukraine 2,63 1,62 2,674 2,419 2,337 2,344 32,476 31,478 37,671 33,76 28,847 29,11 139,27 111,23 119,87 11,976 96,22 97,18 3,94 28,764 8,8 4,767 22,39 2,716 17,197 14,287 178,67 16,743 118,647 123,234

Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Imports North America 1,47 13,21 13,6 14,27 14,94 14,74 Central America 1,98 2,178 2,4 2,734 2,7 2,7 Caribbean 1,9 1,634 1,913 1,979 2,28 2,28 South America 6,66 6,383 6,46 8,77 8,19 8,34 European Union 7,291 8,99 3,842 3,7,44,44 Other Europe 626 817 82 647 2 4 Former Soviet Union - 12 76 1,44 1,8 1,19 9 88 Middle East 16,92 16,162 17,864 17,742 16,96 17,6 North Africa 9,143 8,27 11,489 1,382 1,78 1,28 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,96 1,66 2,73 3,376 2,1 2,36 East Asia 36,11 3,922 3,661 3,1 3,43 3,4 South Asia 1 32 44 14 Southeast Asia 4,74 4,46 3,499 4,811 4,28 4,38 Oceania 97 14 23 4 2 2 Total 13,833 99,877 11,121 1,117 14,67 14, Production North America 29,31 331,71 374,811 3,632 332,733 332,333 Central America 3,6 3,26 2,882 2,889 3,146 3,146 Caribbean 4 3 46 46 46 South America 7,291 72,93 72,662 73,26 86,891 89,266 European Union 148,323 131,69 166,32 146,227 138,114 138,226 Other Europe 11,71 9,234 12,731 12,948 12,313 12,3 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,724,371 62,96,168 8,741 8,741 Middle East 17,8 17,717 18,496 19,186 18,86 18,86 North Africa 9,612 11,77 11,786 9,371 11,692 11,797 Sub-Saharan Africa 69,17 78,416 79,3 83,6 82,89 88,727 East Asia 133,4 126,238 14,78 1,9 13,68 13,674 South Asia 3,464 42,24 38,13 38,6 38,263 38,263 Southeast Asia 18,264 19,12 21,83 21,716 23,188 22,76 Oceania 7,317 1,472 12,198 14,386 7,312 7,312 Total 87,9 916,16 1,1,214 977,94 966,74 974,84 Domestic Consumption North America 273,16 287,116 32,296 36,287 316,699 313,232 Central America 4,93,7,4,,87,87 Caribbean 2,6 2,112 2,3 2,433 2,718 2,718 South America 9,412 6,478 6,367 67,73 7,69 71,46 European Union 14,7 14,1 11,468 14,216 147,242 147,42 Other Europe 11,36 1,74 12,113 12,23 11,937 11,777 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,781 6,72 4,636 49,72 1,326 1,276 Middle East 3,736 34,31 33,989 36,24 36,29 36,39 North Africa 19,162 18,746 21,891 2,716 21,86 21,66 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,13 77,279 8,177 86,4 8,24 91,28 East Asia 172,99 17,91 177,238 183,197 187,24 187,219 South Asia 31,24 4,73 37,81 38,41 38,163 37,963 Southeast Asia 22,179 21,787 23,946 2,621 26,4 26,66 Oceania,936 7,24 7,2 7,83 7,22 7,22 Total 91,112 943,237 976,266 986,83 1,9,9 1,12,287 Ending Stocks North America 38,48 38,67 7,36 64,44 3,287 33,48 Central America 379 7 41 67 628 628 Caribbean 74 131 199 21 224 224 South America 9,12 11,179 8,683,724 8,177 8,86 European Union 22,8 13,261 26,349 2,916 16,96 16,84 Other Europe 1,833 1,7 1,6 1,78 942 1,164 Former Soviet Union - 12 11,967,964 7,28,,38,2 Middle East 6,467 6,47 8,78 8,441 6,838 6,92 North Africa 1,19 2,288 3,327 2,389 2,924 2,81 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,944,36,36 4,3 3,649 4,33 East Asia 71,189 49,77 41,19 39,716 37,64 38,46 South Asia 826 1,231 1,116 79 866 87 Southeast Asia 1,228 1,988 2,62 2,6 2,81 2,391 Oceania 1,33 2,33 2,42 3,363 1,24 1,24 Total 17,197 14,287 178,67 16,743 118,647 123,234

22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on an international year basis. All other data are reported using marketing years.

World Corn Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Exports Argentina 12,349 1,439 13,72 1,77 13, 13, Brazil 3,181,818 1,431 2,826,, Bulgaria 24 77 4 439 4 4 China, Peoples Republic of 1,244 7,3 7,89 3,727 4, 3, Paraguay 733 48 386 1,314 1,1 Romania 144 93 87 271 6 6 Serbia and Montenegro 33 7 89 1,274 1,2 1,2 South Africa, Republic of 1,141 797 1,17 1,46 Thailand 137 726 396 121 1 2 Ukraine 811 1,238 2,334 2,464 1, 1, 3,22 3,8 2,19 2,332 1,61 1,47 37,63 3,426 31,23 26,881 29,1 29,7 4,924 48,89 4,347 6,181 6, 6, 78,487 79,23 76,77 83,62 8,1 8,7 TY Imports Algeria 1,643 1,76 2,46 1,989 2,1 2,1 Brazil 639 49 481 931 4 Canada 3,846 2,33 2,237 1,962 2, 2, Chile 933 1,43 1,81 1,87 1,6 1,6 Colombia 2,112 1,999 2,26 3,11 3,3 3,3 Costa Rica 14 83 69 687 7 7 Cuba 279 469 46 1 Dominican Republic 96 824 1,31 1,68 1,3 1,3 Egypt 4,848 3,743,398 4,397 4,8 4,3 4,327,9 2,966 3,138 4, 4, Guatemala 13 13 641 71 8 8 Indonesia 1,633 1,436 41 1,443 1,3 1,2 Iran 2,17 1,87 2,8 2,3 2, 2, Israel 776 1,377 1,242 1,128 1,2 1,2 Japan 16,863 16,781 16,48 16,619 16, 16, Korea, Republic of 8,781 8,778 8,633 8,483 8,8 8,8 Malaysia 2,48 2,41 2,46 2,17 2,6 2,6 Mexico,269,739,94 6,787 8, 8, Morocco 1,4 1,183 1,423 1,491 1, 1, Peru 917 1,41 1,31 1,467 1,3 1,3 Saudi Arabia 1,424 1,621 1,224 1,472 1, 1, South Africa, Republic of 617 49 131 896 8 1, Syria 919 941 1,781 1,26 1,6 1,7 Taiwan 4,681 4,91 4,62 4,464 4, 4, Tunisia 734 784 714 624 7 7 8,631 8,12 7,848 8,398 6,96 7,12 77,424 76,44 76,46 79,7 81,96 81,92 Unaccounted 689 2,434 2 3,341 2,8 2,9 374 36 281 214 2 2 78,487 79,23 76,77 83,62 8,1 8,7

World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr Production Argentina 1, 1, 2, 1,8 21, 22, Brazil 44, 42, 3, 41,7 48, 49, Canada 8,999 9,6 8,84 9,461 9,3 9,3 China, Peoples Republic of 121,3 11,83 13,29 139,36 143, 143, Egypt 6,,74,84,932,87,94 49,36 39,876 2,968 48,838 43,877 43,877 India 11,1 14,72 14,18 14,71 1, 1, Indonesia 6,1 6,3 7,2 6, 6,6 6,7 Mexico 19,28 21,8 22, 19, 22, 22, Nigeria,2, 6, 7, 7, 7, Philippines 4,43 4,9,,9 6,288 6,288 Romania 7,3 7,2 12, 1,3 8, 8, Serbia and Montenegro,8 3,8 6,69 6,6 6,6 6,41 South Africa, Republic of 9,67 9,7 11,716 6,93 7, 6, Ukraine 4,18 6,8 8,8 7,1 6,4 6,4 6,698 6,88 6,29 67,194 68,11 69,829 37,27 369,66 412,712 412,88 42, 428,249 227,767 26,278 299,914 282,311 267,98 267,98 62,974 62,844 712,626 69,196 693,148 69,847 Total Consumption Argentina 4,1 4,4,2 6,2 7, 7, Brazil 3,8 36,3 38, 39, 4, 41, Canada 12,76 11,228 1,314 1,937 11, 11, China, Peoples Republic of 12,9 128,4 131, 137, 141, 141, Egypt 1,9 9,2 11,3 1,2 1,6 1,4 49,26 46,814 1,7 48,7,8,8 India 12, 13,2 13,9 14,2 1, 14,8 Indonesia 7, 7,3 7,9 7,9 8, 7,9 Japan 16,8 17,2 16, 16,6 16,6 16,6 Korea, Republic of 8,782 8,722 8,666 8,79 8,9 8,9 Mexico 24,7 26,4 27,9 27,9 29, 29, Nigeria,2, 6,3 6,8 7,4 7,4 Philippines 4,6 4,9,1,8 6,1 6,1 Romania 7,2 7,9 9, 9,7 9, 9, South Africa, Republic of 8,2 8,677 9,7 9, 8,9 8, 91,133 98,992 1,867 18,723 111,78 114,73 426, 436,113 46,4 47,43 488,187 489,82 2,748 211,644 224,648 231,722 241,6 238,389 627,298 647,77 68,22 72,26 729,72 728,241 Ending Stocks Brazil 6,28 7,878 4,192 3,18 4,42,368 Canada 1,111 1,143 1,82 2,1 1,61 1,61 China, Peoples Republic of 64,973 44,82 36, 3,2 33,3 33,8 4,826 2,938 7,8 1,16 7,37 7,37 Iran 1,48 1, 1,413 1,313 1,213 1,213 Korea, Republic of 1,211 1,337 1,382 1,349 1,319 1,319 Mexico 3,327 4,461 4,29 2,77 3,27 3,27 1,414 1,87 2,74 18,442 1,917 1,441 98,168 79,21 77,8 74,24 68,691 69,41 27,63 24,337 3,697 49,968 19,12 22,278 12,771 13,88 131,282 124,213 87,793 91,819

Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Imports North America 9,489 8,128 8,463 8,963 1,2 1,2 Central America 1,98 2,178 2,41 2,734 2,7 2,7 Caribbean 1,9 1,634 1,913 1,979 2,28 2,28 South America,629,8,738 8,74 7,6 7,61 European Union 4,782 6,49 3,3 3,18 4,1 4,1 Other Europe 417 44 422 392 3 3 Former Soviet Union - 12 179 677 9 618 Middle East 7,668 7,91 8,39 7,44 8,42 8,2 North Africa 8,413 7,673 1,13 8,972 9,6 9,1 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,293 1,333 2,147 2,67 1,9 1,8 East Asia 3,68 3,818 3,94 29,878 3,1 3,1 South Asia 7 32 4 14 Southeast Asia 4,74 4,21 3,492 4,84 4,27 4,37 Oceania 84 8 3 2 Total 77,798 76,81 76,327 79,721 82,21 82,17 Production North America 26,46 287,678 33,84 311,272 298,898 298,898 Central America 2,676 2,874 2,2 2,82 2,82 2,82 Caribbean 41 47 377 328 328 328 South America 66,971 64, 63,32 6,436 77,66 79,716 European Union 7,66 47,896 66,468 6,724 3,777 3,889 Other Europe 9,467 7,11 1,199 1,83 9,91 9,72 Former Soviet Union - 12 8,48 11,3 1,38 13,14 12,83 12,83 Middle East 3,763 4,382 4,732,432 4,732 4,732 North Africa 6,22,942 6,42 6,134 6,72 6,142 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,14 38,138 41,12 38,41 4,46 4,934 East Asia 123,74 117,672 132,141 141,266 144,789 144,786 South Asia 14,77 17,87 17,3 17,83 18,12 18,12 Southeast Asia 17,972 19,24 21,33 21,461 22,828 22,49 Oceania 49 482 2 432 432 Total 62,974 62,844 712,626 69,196 693,148 69,847 Domestic Consumption North America 238,24 249,272 262,862 27,9 282,6 279,389 Central America 4,7 4,73,1,19,, Caribbean 1,931 1,984 2,222 2,3 2,9 2,9 South America,941 2,,933 9,41 61,96 62,66 European Union 7,76,764 62,2 9, 61,1 61,3 Other Europe 8,86 8,32 9,474 9,89 9,31 9,21 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,921 11,9 12,76 11,7 12,3 12,3 Middle East 1,642 12,28 12,321 12,778 13,431 13,31 North Africa 14,334 13,298 1,72 14,871 1,7 1, Sub-Saharan Africa 3,41 37,722 41,183 41,32 42,32 43,732 East Asia 18,246 161,3 163,133 168,84 173,4 173,4 South Asia 1,73 16,493 17,34 17,32 18,12 17,92 Southeast Asia 21,91 21,9 23,71 2,38 26,2 26,41 Oceania 46 46 7 43 43 Total 626,3 646,877 684,4 699,461 724,623 723,362 Ending Stocks North America 32,41 29,941 6,28 4,676 23,91 27,86 Central America 333 68 2 9 61 61 Caribbean 74 131 199 21 224 224 South America 8,38 1,113 7,699,122 7,33 7,868 European Union,788 3,34 9,32 12,818 8,724 8,622 Other Europe 1,498 77 1,24 1,262 637 82 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,28 1,361 2,16 1,631 1,84 1,86 Middle East 1,976 1,98 2,3 2,21 1,913 1,977 North Africa 338 8 996 1,177 1,77 919 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,396 3,861 4,487 3,23 2,79 2,31 East Asia 68,847 48,331 39,844 38,37 36,273 36,748 South Asia 379 36 392 416 412 416 Southeast Asia 1,22 1,983 2,36 2,48 2,784 2,36 Oceania 4 38 37 29 16 16 Total 12,771 13,88 131,282 124,213 87,793 91,819

22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on an international year basis. All other data are reported using marketing years.

World Barley Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Exports Argentina 11 167 338 39 3 4 Australia 2,19 6,14 4,481,231 2, 2, Bulgaria 73 26 34 178 1 1 Canada 34 1,937 1,476 1,876 1, 1, 6,37 984 3,881 2,494 3, 3, Kazakhstan, Republic of 42 613 1 1 6 6 Romania 99 38 183 1 1 Russian Federation 3,66 1,736 1,488 1,397 2, 2, Serbia and Montenegro 13 6 4 Syria 446 32 Turkey 4 26 2 2 Ukraine 2,334 2,7 3,992 4,926 4,3 4,3 183 2 3 16,131 14,686 16,448 17,32 14,7 14,8 2 384 771 37 16,683 1,7 17,219 17,69 1,2 1,3 TY Imports Brazil 296 128 182 13 1 2 China, Peoples Republic of 1,792 1,19 2,49 2,217 2, 2, Colombia 226 181 234 198 2 2 1,443 672 4 387 3 3 Iran 661 1,291 8 6 6 Israel 448 8 313 3 3 3 Japan 1,399 1,39 1,22 1,417 1,4 1,4 Jordan 414 4 67 8 6 6 Kuwait 116 62 214 2 2 2 Libya 188 333 261 2 2 2 Morocco 16 143 6 4 4 Russian Federation 27 438 266 2 2 2 Saudi Arabia 7,2,8 6,42 7, 6, 6, Syria 279 6 8 Tunisia 312 99 14 6 1,411 1,496 1,184 1,261 1,18 1,18 16,27 14,17 16,676 17,83 14,83 14,93 Unaccounted 144 466 386 42 12 12 282 497 17 124 3 3 16,683 1,7 17,219 17,69 1,2 1,3

World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr Production Algeria 416 1,22 1,314 4 1,4 1,4 Argentina 43 1, 886 8 1, 1,2 Australia 3,86 1,387 7,78 9,869 4,2 4,2 Belarus 1,681 1,8 2, 1,8 1,3 1,3 Canada 7,489 12,328 13,186 12,481 1, 1, China, Peoples Republic of 3,322 2,717 3,222 3,4 3, 3, Ethiopia 1,2 1,41 1,7 1,78 1,8 2,12 6,9 4,826 61,727 2,822 4,836 4,836 India 1, 1,41 1,31 1,2 1,4 1,4 Iran 3,8 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 Kazakhstan, Republic of 2,2 2,1 1, 1, 1,9 1,9 Morocco 1,669 2,62 2,76 1,12 2, 2,3 Russian Federation 18,7 18, 17,2 1,8 18,1 18,1 Turkey 7,2 6,9 7,4 7,6 7,2 7,2 Ukraine 1,364 6,8 11,1 9, 11,3 11,3 1,164 1,379 12,33 11,2 1,81 1,784 129,97 136,847 148,123 133,69 134,31 134,88 4,94 6,9 6,91 4,613 3,92 3,92 134,847 142,96 14,214 138,272 138,221 138,8 Total Consumption Australia 2,7 3, 3,4 3,6 4, 4, Belarus 1,7 1,7 1,9 1,97 1, 1, Canada 7,9 9,893 1,767 1,414 1,2 1,2 China, Peoples Republic of 4,9 4,7,3,,4,4 Ethiopia 1,2 1,41 1,7 1,78 1,8 2,12 4,4 6,877 2,9 2, 4,8 4,8 India 1, 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,4 1,4 Iran 2,9 3,1 3, 3,9 4,1 4,1 Japan 1,6 1,63 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,6 Morocco 2, 2,3 2,7 2,4 2,6 2,6 Russian Federation 1, 18,6 16, 1, 16,2 16,2 Saudi Arabia,81 7,1,41 6,1 6,31 6,31 Syria 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,3 1,3 Turkey 6,8 7,1 7,3 7,3 7,1 7,1 Ukraine 7,4 6,2 6,4 4,9 6,8 6,8 14,216 14,92 16,664 16,18 16,68 16,228 131,217 142,6 137,878 138, 141,62 142,1,179 4,99,672 4,71 4,464 4,73 136,396 147,46 143, 142,71 146,84 146,678 Ending Stocks Algeria 291 611 876 4 94 94 Australia 948 1,887 1,884 2,83 1,3 1,3 Canada 1,47 2,12 3,43 3,289 1,639 1,639 8,488 4,287 1,68 8,13,171,171 Russian Federation 4,76 2,227 2,11 934 1,84 1,84 Saudi Arabia 2,611 2,399 2,672 3,162 2,82 2,82 Ukraine 1,424 96 991 1,212 1,182 1,182,77,842 7,79 6,496,81,692 2,7 19,91 3,438 26,8 19,466 19,77 1,1 2,619 2,796 2,3 1,89 1,48 27,21 22,7 33,234 28,93 21, 21,7

Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Imports North America 14 67 291 22 4 4 South America 772 44 38 34 3 63 European Union 1,4 878 93 428 46 46 Other Europe 124 178 12 13 13 13 Former Soviet Union - 12 333 76 327 47 33 33 Middle East 9,81 8,112 9,619 1,16 8,43 8,43 North Africa 721 61 1,473 1,37 1,17 1,17 Sub-Saharan Africa 97 69 12 1 1 1 East Asia 3,34 3,47 3,768 3,77 3, 3, South Asia 2 Oceania 1 6 2 2 2 2 Total 16,39 14,64 16,833 17,27 1,13 1,23 Production North America 13,166 19,469 2,29 17,847 14,82 14,82 South America 1,399 2,39 2,8 1,827 2,9 2,34 European Union 8,169,816 64,77 4,613 6,121 6,121 Other Europe 1,48 1,4 1,769 1,64 1,647 1,72 Former Soviet Union - 12 34,72 29,631 33,18 29,4 34,1 34,1 Middle East 12,438 12,116 12,4 12,3 12,13 12,13 North Africa 2,43 4,79 4,719 2,212 4,9 4,63 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,48 1,764 1,871 2,12 2,16 2,2 East Asia 3,839 3,136 3,678 3,848 3,92 3,934 South Asia 1,99 1,97 2,2 1,91 2,118 2,118 Oceania 4,36 1,76 8,88 1,269 4,6 4,6 Total 134,847 142,96 14,214 138,272 138,221 138,8 Domestic Consumption North America 13,884 1,833 17,389 1,93 1,614 1,723 South America 1,9 2,189 2,33 2,22 2,22 2,42 European Union, 7,977 4,8 3,9 6,1 6,1 Other Europe 1,71 1,6 1,81 1,7 1,77 1,7 Former Soviet Union - 12 27,616 29,6 27,7 2,189 27,1 27,1 Middle East 18,627 2,7 2,232 21,87 21,3 21,3 North Africa 3,839 4,427,164 4,78,13,13 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,612 1,774 1,986 2,22 2,26 2,62 East Asia 6,949 6,719 7,47 7,61 7,1 7,1 South Asia 1,998 1,96 2,1 1,91 2,118 2,118 Oceania 3,12 3,4 3,8 4, 4,42 4,42 Total 136,81 146,18 144,388 141,49 14,792 146,386 Ending Stocks North America 3,27 4,921 6,47,731 3,32 3,211 South America 267 44 331 186 291 341 European Union 8,68 4,24 11,28 8,4,279,286 Other Europe 271 242 29 269 29 266 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,44 3,727 4,16 3,116 3,16 3,16 Middle East 4,448 4,429,742 6,14 4,889 4,889 North Africa 64 1,442 2,291 1,172 1,87 1,842 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 8 93 12 12 12 East Asia 1,388 8 839 88 82 832 South Asia 24 34 44 44 44 44 Oceania 1,17 1,939 1,936 2,87 1,7 1,7 Total 27,21 22,7 33,234 28,93 21, 21,7 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on an international year basis. All other data are reported using marketing years.

World Sorghum Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Exports Argentina 64 228 279 226 6 6 Australia 7 42 37 19 1 1 Brazil 64 371 24 China, Peoples Republic of 88 168 28 26 2 2 India 6 42 24 2 2 2 Nigeria South Africa, Republic of 49 41 36 23 2 2 6 36 14 28 3 3 1,1 1,361 82 68 91 91 4,877 4,84 4,41 4,97 4, 3,8,878 6,26,366,38 4,91 4,71 TY Imports Chile 8 62 71 42 6 6 Eritrea 81 2 2 2 439 1,139 226 19 4 4 Israel 69 14 34 38 Japan 1,62 1,434 1,374 1,393 1,3 1,3 Mexico 3,384 3,2 2,931 3,29 2,3 2,1 Niger 2 Somalia 1 18 7 2 2 Sudan 1 1 16 211 2 3 Taiwan 64 61 61 69 6 6 21 23 227 316 7 6,877 6,17,233,47 4,69 4,4 Unaccounted 49 132 131 21 17 1 1,878 6,26,366,38 4,91 4,71

World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr Production Argentina 2,8 2,2 2,9 2,2 3,1 3,3 Australia 1,46 2,9 2,177 2,19 1, 1, Brazil 1,9 2,13 2,1 1,43 1,9 1,7 Burkina 1,26 1,2 1,4 1,837 1,6 1,8 China, Peoples Republic of 3,327 2,86 2,328 2,46 2,8 2,8 Egypt 9 9 9 9 9 9 Ethiopia 1,1 1,7 2,1 2,8 2,9 3,32 71 38 494 47 64 64 India 7,6 7,33 7,24 7,63 7,8 7,8 Mexico 6,338 7,3,89, 6,1,7 Niger 7 72 7 67 8 Nigeria 7,8 9, 1, 1, 1, 1, Sudan 2,93,19 2,7 4,27 3,7,2 Tanzania, United Republic 83 82 89 7 8 Uganda 42 42 4 4 49 49 4,6 4,346 4,2 4,181 4,31 4,284 43,66 48,483 46,1 48,496 49,41 1,343 9,163 1,446 11,23 9,981 7, 7, 2,819 8,929 7,673 8,477 6,46 8,393 Total Consumption Argentina 2,2 2, 2,6 2,2 2,3 2,4 Australia 1,4 1,4 1,9 1,88 1, 1, Brazil 1,8 1,6 2,1 1,93 1,9 1,7 Burkina 1,26 1,2 1,4 1,837 1,6 1,8 China, Peoples Republic of 2,82 3, 2,4 2, 2, 2, Egypt 9 9 9 9 9 9 Ethiopia 1,1 1,7 2,1 2,6 3, 3,1 677 1,966 7 1,7 1,7 India 7,1 7,3 7,2 7, 7,7 7,7 Japan 1,7 1, 1,4 1,4 1,4 1,4 Mexico 9,9 9,8 9,3 8,6 8, 8,1 Niger 72 7 7 7 82 Nigeria 7,8 8,9 9,9 1,4 1,4 1,4 Sudan 3, 4, 3, 4,2 4,, Tanzania, United Republic 86 82 89 7 8 4,817,21 4,993,129,13,3 48,797 2,32 1,96 3,238 3,41 4,236 4,939,638 6,2 4,814 3,938 3,938 3,736 8,17 8,22 8,2 7,348 8,174 Ending Stocks Argentina 37 379 328 128 328 428 China, Peoples Republic of 47 247 16 18 26 2 Ethiopia 2 42 India 123 61 8 13 21 21 Mexico 61 1,13 624 3 3 33 Nigeria 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sudan 263 98 313 47 47 1,42 683 839 94 91 668 74 2,787 3,787 2,646 2,849 3,162 3,12 1,93 82 1,446 1,668 97 1,224 3,88 4,639 4,92 4,17 4,132 4,736

Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Imports North America 3,38 3,2 2,932 3,29 2,3 2,1 Central America 4 Caribbean South America 123 14 18 68 6 6 European Union 439 1,139 226 19 4 4 Other Europe 34 24 7 1 1 1 Middle East 71 1 34 38 North Africa 1 3 Sub-Saharan Africa 187 232 412 76 38 43 East Asia 1,632 1,26 1,4 1,48 1,43 1,42 South Asia 1 4 Southeast Asia 2 7 7 Oceania Total,878 6,17,234,47 4,69 4,4 Production North America 1,1 17,746 17,413 1,481 13,2 12,8 Central America 384 332 33 37 326 326 Caribbean 12 128 128 128 128 128 South America,473,7,777 4,83,81,826 European Union 76 38 499 48 69 69 Other Europe Middle East 3 48 48 48 48 48 North Africa 91 91 91 91 91 91 Sub-Saharan Africa 16,97 21,31 2,4 23,7 22,66 2,136 East Asia 3,34 2,883 2,341 2,4 2,6 2,88 South Asia 7,263 7,6 7,47 7,86 8,3 8,3 Southeast Asia 132 96 93 9 2 9 Oceania 1,46 2,9 2,177 2,19 1, 1, Total 2,819 8,929 7,673 8,477 6,46 8,393 Domestic Consumption North America 14,839 1,438 1, 13,414 12,438 12,38 Central America 36 33 3 31 32 32 Caribbean 12 128 128 128 128 128 South America 4,988 4,9,94 4,677,126,1 European Union 682 1,971 7 1,8 1,8 Other Europe 34 24 7 1 1 1 Middle East 61 9 27 23 3 3 North Africa 916 91 91 9 91 91 Sub-Saharan Africa 17,632 2, 21,39 23,66 23,191 24,761 East Asia 4,484 4,63 3,886 3,984 4,3 4,2 South Asia 7,34 7,8 7,431 7,78 7,93 7,93 Southeast Asia 14 12 76 76 18 7 Oceania 1,4 1,4 1,9 1,88 1, 1, Total 3,38 8,1 8,123 7,893 7,398 8,323 Ending Stocks North America 1,694 1,9 2,7 2,221 1,473 1,27 Central America 46 42 16 17 18 18 Caribbean South America 447 8 3 32 442 42 European Union 68 32 4 63 72 72 Other Europe Middle East 43 43 36 36 36 36 North Africa 4 4 39 39 39 39 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 1,37 773 1,163 1,438 1,893 East Asia 827 46 342 371 339 334 South Asia 123 61 8 13 21 21 Southeast Asia 8 26 26 26 26 Oceania 4 63 13 144 39 39 Total 3,88 4,639 4,92 4,17 4,132 4,736

22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on an international year basis. All other data are reported using marketing years.

World Oats Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr TY Exports Argentina 1 2 1 Australia 14 21 137 191 12 12 Canada 1,8 984 1,374 1,74 1,8 1,8 Chile 12 44 29 27 2 2 794 443 34 229 1 1 Kazakhstan, Republic of 1 9 12 21 2,2 1,698 1,922 2,212 2,11 2,11 39 38 31 39 3 3 2,9 1,736 1,93 2,21 2,14 2,14 TY Imports Algeria 7 1 2 4 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6 Canada 49 19 16 21 2 2 China, Peoples Republic of 7 9 13 18 2 2 Colombia 28 23 26 26 2 2 11 11 6 8 1 1 Japan 83 67 67 9 7 7 Mexico 82 91 1 7 Morocco 1 1 1 Norway 1 2 2 48 2 2 South Africa, Republic of 19 31 42 2 2 2 Switzerland 34 38 26 48 27 7 332 324 26 343 3 3 Unaccounted - 11 9 77 3 3 1,777 1,32 1,629 1,831 1,8 1,8 2,9 1,736 1,93 2,21 2,14 2,14

World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 22/3 23/4 24/ 2/6 Mar Apr Production Argentina 348 8 3 4 4 Australia 97 2,18 1,321 1,416 6 6 Belarus 7 77 6 Brazil 39 413 433 17 47 47 Canada 2,911 3,691 3,683 3,432 3,6 3,6 Chile 42 42 42 42 38 38 China, Peoples Republic of 6 6 6 6 6 6 9,28 8,623 8,73 7,441 7,644 7,644 Kazakhstan, Republic of 1 1 14 14 14 14 Norway 279 333 39 349 349 349 Romania 3 3 3 3 3 3 Russian Federation,7,2 4,9 4, 4,9 4,9 Serbia and Montenegro 12 11 12 12 12 12 Turkey 29 28 29 29 29 29 Ukraine 943 92 1, 8 7 7 49 47 7 23,91 24,476 24,249 21,932 21,73 21,73 1,684 2,96 1,679 1,667 1,361 1,361 2,99 26,72 2,928 23,99 23,64 23,64 Total Consumption Argentina 2 39 3 4 4 Australia 8 1,7 1,17 1,2 72 72 Belarus 6 7 6 Brazil 382 41 42 1 47 47 Canada 1,87 2,187 2,194 2,11 1,9 1,9 Chile 43 38 4 4 3 3 China, Peoples Republic of 6 61 61 62 62 62 8,287 8,276 8,33 7,3 7, 7, Kazakhstan, Republic of 1 9 13 13 13 13 Mexico 133 182 126 1 13 13 Norway 28 34 36 4 37 37 Romania 3 3 3 3 3 3 Russian Federation 6,3,6 4,9 4,6 4,9 4,9 Turkey 29 288 29 29 29 29 Ukraine 9 9 1, 8 7 7 743 747 76 771 778 778 22,692 23,24 22,332 2,726 2,247 2,247 3,48 3,389 3,297 3,287 3,189 3,189 26,172 26,93 2,629 24,13 23,436 23,436 Ending Stocks Argentina 77 77 83 82 77 77 Australia 187 29 299 31 11 11 Canada 24 788 974 872 742 742 China, Peoples Republic of 17 16 19 17 17 17 1,1 834 912 778 782 782 Norway 38 33 34 31 3 3 Russian Federation 7 184 24 19 19 19 16 123 183 123 13 13 2,674 2,43 2,834 2,498 2,173 2,173 723 941 841 763 716 716 3,397 3,376 3,67 3,261 2,889 2,889