NEDO Case Studies of Project in New Mexico, US

NEDO Case Studies of Project in New Mexico, US March 8 th, 2016 Kazuyuki Takada Smart Community Department NEDO, Japan

1. Project in New Mexico Whole picture of Project in New Mexico Efforts in Los Alamos Monitoring PV NEDO, Toshiba, Kyocera, Shimizu Corp., Hitachi, Sharp, NGK Insulators, NEC, Meidensha, Fuji Electric, Tokyo Gas, MHI, Furukawa Electric, CDI, CTC, Itochu, Kandenko, NTT Facilities, Accenture State of New Mexico Los Alamos County Los Alamos National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories Univ. of New Mexico PNM Resources Mesa Del Sol μems Monitoring & control Efforts in Albuquerque Interruption signal Battery Load control signal Demand response signal/ Measure power consumption PLC transfer trip Smart meter Smart house HEMS Control Smart appliance s, etc General houses (900 homes) μems Data measurement Controller Load control signal Commercial building (MESA DEL SOL) BEMS BEMS1 Storage battery Gas engine Large capacity PV BEMS2 Monitoring & Control PV Large capacity battery Utility s PV site Data measurement/connection Fuel cell

Contents Project in New Mexico, 2009-14 i. Los Alamos Large PV + Battery, Battery + DR, Smart House ii. Albuquerque Building Scale Microgrid, Large PV + Microgrid 3

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- System configuration in Los Alamos site Point of common coupling(pcc)

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Concept of supply demand management by μems Day-ahead supply-demand plan Load (demand) forecast PV generation forecast NAS battery operation plan (charge/discharge plan) Supply-demand control (hybrid battery control) Control NaS battery in low frequency range Control Lead-Acid battery in high frequency range

1. Project in New Mexico - Los AlamosμEMS demonstration results May 25, 2013 (Sunny) Large PV + Battery April 20, 2013 (Cloudy) Peak power reduction effect Actual tie-line power flow Tie-line power flow w/o battery control (Simulated value) SOC upper limit (90%) Battery SOC SOC lower limit (10%) Load factor: Without control 79.7% With control 90.2% Load factor: Without control 83.5% With control 95.1%

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Demand Response related system Implement demand response based on weather and demand forecasts. Management of smart meter data Display price info on IHD Demand response management information Demand response Meter info. Price info. Portal site Price info. Price info., meter info. Price info. Smart meter In-home display (IHD) Calculate incentive Demonstration Data Management System Mobile phone Participant Display price info on PC and mobile phone.

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Demand response menu applied in the experiment Group Initial Opt-in Opt-out Opt-in CPP Flat CPP - Opt-out CPP CPP - Flat Opt-out PTR PTR - Flat Control Flat - - 8

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Result of DR experiment in 2013 Group ITT effect TOT effect Opt-in CPP -6.90% -10.49% Summer Opt-out CPP -4.59% -4.71% Opt-out PTR -4.06% -4.17% Opt-in CPP -4.78% -7.12% Winter Opt-out CPP -4.27% -4.41% Opt-out PTR -3.26% -3.37% * TOT effect : Treatment on the Treated. Net peak cut effect when a treatment was given. * ITT effect : Intention to Treat. Choice probability x TOT effect. 9

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Battery + DR Reduction in battery capacity by the integration of Demand Response

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Smart House 11

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Energy System of Smart House Smart meter Utility Fiber PLC SM #1 #2 PLC Ethernet Ethernet Micro PLC DX Modem Micro DX Ethernet 3.44kW Solar battery PV Breaker Box Slave Unit Dedicated 5kW Hybrid PCS Measuremen t system HVAC 4ton Duct air conditioner LED LED lighting system 24kWh Lithium ion battery DMX512a LB Ethernet Dedicated Backnet SGW 300L Heat pump water heater HP Dedicated IEEE802.15.4 Wireless #1 LAN Kyocera HEMS Sharp HEMS NEC Supply stabilizer Temp./humidity /illuminance IEEE802.15.4 Wireless #2 Motion sensor Sensors Distribution board Smart appliances - Air conditioner - TV - Refrigerator - LED lighting - Dummy load Smart appliances Power sensor

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Energy Management by HEMS Learn operation plan Past power consumption data Minimum power storage capacity Past hot-water consumption data Power consumption log Hot water supply log Power storage log Prepare operation plan Power consumption plan Boil prohibition period Minimum quantity of residual hot-water Minimum power storage capacity Control home appliances Setting home appliances Temperature Illuminance Rate info PV generation forecast Optimize operation plan Charge/discharge plan Boiling plan Measurement module Execute final control Measure power consumption Control module Room Measure temperature and illuminance

1. Project in New Mexico - Los Alamos- Smart House Result of demonstration of TOU control Virtual ToU rates Rate category ToU0 ToU1 ToU2 ToU3 ToU4 ToU5 Selling price(cent/kwh) 15 25 45 65 85 99 Purchasing price (cent/kwh) 10 20 40 60 80 90 Performance in power trading for a smart house (Sept. 25, 2013) kwh Purchasing power 30 20 10 0 PV + Battery 1 2 3 4 5 6 Selling power -10-20 Findings An introduction of PV and battery produces $11.5 of income per day. $20.5 of profit can be made compared with the case when PV and battery are not introduced resulting in $9 of spending per day. Impact on grid can be reduced and customer can expect great economic value.

1. Project in New Mexico - Albuquerque- Albuquerque 15

1. Project in New Mexico - Albuquerque- BEMS configuration Estimated load of building 400kW Thermal storage tank Air-cooled refrigerator 70USRT Air-cooled refrigerator 20USRT Cooling tower 500kW PV 2MWh Batteries Substation BEMS Feeder PCC Power controller Heat controller μems+mdms Smart meter Constructed power line Communication line Existing power line PV 50kW PV Inverter 50kW Dummy load 100kW Lead storage battery 50/90kW, 160kWh Fuel cell 80kW Gas engine generator 240kW

1. Project in New Mexico - Albuquerque- Building Scale Microgrid Performance results in BEMS1 grid-connected mode 300 250 200 150 系列 1 系列 2 系列 3 系列 4 系列 5 系列 6 2013.09.0 LOAD Gas Engine Power [kw] 100 50 0-50 -100 Battery PCC Fuel Cell -150 10:30 10:45 11:00 11:15 11:30 PV PCC reference 0kW -50kW - -50kW

1. Project in New Mexico - Albuquerque- Building Scale Microgrid Performance results in BEMS1 islanding mode 350 300 250 系列 1 系列 2 系列 3 系列 4 系列 5 系列 6 Grid-connecting Islanding LOAD Islanding Grid- Power [kw] 200 150 100 50 Gas Engine Fuel Cell PCC 0 PV -50-100 Battery -150 13:00 13:15 13:30 13:45 14:00 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 15:15 15:30

1. Project in New Mexico - Albuquerque- BEMS2 Interconnected Operation Coordination with utility scale PV plant PV 500kW Control System of PNM Battery 2MW Facilities Installed By PNM Building smart grid BEMS PI Server Facilities Installed By NEDO FC 60+20kW -30kW GE 180±60kW

1. Project in New Mexico - Albuquerque- Coordinated Control of Gas Engine and Battery PV + Microgrid PV Power Production P PV Sensor High Variability PV Power (P PV ) Battery Controller P Bat-SP Battery Plant P Bat Σ Lower Variability Power (P PV + P GE + P bat ) P error Gas Engine Controller P GE P GE-SP Gas Engine Plant P GE Verification of battery capacity reducing effect based on actual data kwh 10 8 6 4 2 0-2 -4-6 1 1201 2401 3601 4801 6001 7201 8401 9601 10801 12001 13201 Time(s) Battery capacity for PV Battery capacity with GE+FC for PV

Downloadable Case Study http://miyabimannnaro.blogspot.jp/2013/12/blog-post_20.html 21

Conclusion Energy Storage Battery solution is helpful for High Penetration of Renewables but still costly. Combination with consumer cooperation such as DR can reduce the capacity of Battery required. Accuracy of DR contribution to the grid has to be considered. Automated control of consumers equipment could be good solution for both of consumer side and power systems side. Hierarchal architecture of system control is necessary to do so. 22

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