Borrego Springs Microgrid Demonstration Overview Society of American Military Engineers San Diego, CA March 11, 2015 Neal Bartek Distributed Energy Resources Manager 2012 San Diego Gas & Electric Company. All trademarks belong to their respective owners. All rights reserved.
San Diego Gas & Electric Subsidiary of Sempra Energy Regulated public utility Provide safe & reliable energy service to 3.4 million consumers - 1.4 million electric meters - 868,000 natural gas meters 4,100 square mile service territory in San Diego & southern Orange Counties (25 cities) Owns 1,835 miles of electric transmission lines and 21,601 miles of electric distribution lines Operates two compressor stations, 166 miles of natural gas transmission pipelines, 8,100 miles of distribution pipelines and 6,197 miles of service lines 4,500 employees 2
Agenda Microgrid Background Borrego Springs Demonstration Borrego Springs Overview Real World Summary 3
Agenda Microgrid Background Borrego Springs Demonstration Borrego Springs Overview Real World Summary 4
Why are microgrids important? Enables Grid Modernization Key component of grid modernization Enables integration of multiple Smart Grid technologies Enhance the integration of Distributed and Renewable Energy Sources Facilities integration of combined heat and power (CHP) Promotes energy efficiency and reduces losses by locating generation near demand Potential to reduce large capital investments by meeting increased consumption with locally generated power. (Local generation may lower investment in the macrogrid) Encourages third-party investment in the local grid and power supply Potential to reduce peak load Meets End User Needs Ensure energy supply for critical loads Power quality and reliability controlled locally Promotes demand-side management and load leveling Promotes community energy independence and allows for community involvement in electricity supply Designed to meet local needs and increase customer (end-use) participation Supports the Macrogrid Enables a more flexible macrogrid by handling sensitive loads and the variability of renewables locally Enhances the integration of distributed and renewable energy resources including CHP Potential to supply ancillary services to the bulk power system Potential to lower overall carbon footprint by maximizing clean local generation Potential to resolve voltage regulation or overload issues 5
Types of Microgrids Utility Military Bases Campus Greenfield Development Remote Villages Homes Entire circuit or substation Borrego Springs Energy surety for critical loads MCAS Miramar, Camp Pendleton, etc Utilize CHP to improve energy performance UCSD, Princeton, etc Alternative service delivery model Civita Electrification of remote villages/islands Necker Island Integration of DER, In Home Technology and EV charging Zero Net Energy homes (?) 6
Microgrid Design Define boundary Industrial customer, campus, substation, circuit, etc Define loads (critical, demand response, peak load) Define reliability requirements (SAIDI, SAIFI, MAIFI and PQ) Determine transition Seamless or how long to restore power? Determine island duration (typical or extreme event) Define generation needs/mix (renewables, energy storage, fossil generation) Match load and generation Maintain voltage, frequency and power factor within tolerances 7
Agenda Microgrid Background Borrego Springs Demonstration Borrego Springs Overview Real World Summary 8
Nationwide DOE RDSI Sponsored Projects Chevron Energy Solutions SDG&E University of HI UNLV ATKSpace System City of Fort Collins Illinois Institute of Technology Allegheny Power ConEd Overview of Smart Grid Program U.S. Department of Energy 9
Borrego Springs Microgrid Demonstration Project Utilize advanced technologies to integrate and manage distributed resources within the Smart Grid Budget: Benefits: $8.0M DOE and $2.8M CEC plus matching funds from SDG&E and partners Integrate and leverage various generation and storage configurations Reduce the peak load of feeders and enhance system reliability Enable customers to become more active participants in managing their energy use Distributed Energy Resources Substation Energy Storage Customer Energy Management Microgrid Controller Home Energy Feeder Storage Automation Community System Energy Technology 10 Storage
Site Selection Borrego Springs Key Strengths: Borrego Springs Progressive-minded community High concentration of solar generation NEM (~ 1 MW) Transmission (LGIA) 26 MW (2/13) Distribution (WDAT) 5 MW (9/14) Potential for reliability enhancements Opportunity to balance supply and demand to be more self-sufficient Extendable to service territory
Generators Two (2) 1.8 MW Diesel Generators Owned & operated by SDG&E Each generator rated for 1.8 MW at 480 Volts Emissions equipment retrofitted onto generators 12
Substation Energy Storage Borrego Springs One 500 kw/1500 kwh battery Modes of Operation Peak Shaving/Load Following Renewable Smoothing Support Islanding Operation
Community Energy Storage Borrego Springs Three 25 kw/50kwh units connected to 12 kv circuit Operated independently and as a fleet Modes of Operation Peak Shaving Renewable Smoothing Voltage Support
Home-Area-Networks Capable of Responding to Price and Reliability Events
Rolling 48 Hour DR Capacity Forecast DR forecast subtracted from load forecast DR capacity forecast (available, committed reserved)
Microgrid Controls Provides consolidated view/control of microgrid resources Controls for generator 1 Controls for generator 2 Controls for SES unit Controls for CES units 17
Demonstrations Var Control Virtual Island Peak Shave 4-Quadrant Operation Peak Shave 18
CES PV Smoothing Operation Units capable of smoothing intermittency caused by fluctuating power output Operational variables can be user-defined i.e. Ramp rate control, time constant Power(kW) 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 1:55 PM 2:09 PM 2:24 PM 2:38 PM 2:52 PM 3:07 PM 3:21 PM 3:36 PM Blue Line Red Line 19
Agenda Drivers Microgrid Background Borrego Springs Overview Borrego Springs Demonstration Real World Experience Summary 20
Real World Experience Planned Outage June 23 rd, 2012 Microgrid provided power to 2,128 customers for ~ 5.5 hrs Planned Islanding Q1 2013 Conducted 7 islanding events over 3 days Windstorm April 8 th, 2013 Microgrid provided power to 1,225 customers for ~ 6hrs Flashflood Intense Thunderstorms August 25 th, 2013 CES units islanded six customers for ~ 5.5 hrs September 6 th, 2013 Microgrid provided power for up to 1,056 customers for > 20 hrs 21
September 6, 2013 100 degrees by 1000 and peaked at 107 degrees at 1320 Thunderstorms began to form between 1200 and 1300 Produced rainfall totals of 1.3 at Warners by 1400, with similar amounts along the desert slopes west of Borrego Gusty outflow winds from the thunderstorms began to reach the Borrego area at 1400. Peak gusts of 54-65 mph were measured between 1420 and 1430, though evidence supports that a microburst likely occurred near the center of the storm, producing gusts as high as 70 mph. ~ 167 lightning strikes occurred in the Borrego area 22
September 6 7 Outage 9 transmission and 11 distribution poles were down All roads into/out of Borrego Springs were closed 23
September 6 7 Outage Restoration efforts took 25 hours More than 200 employees involved 24
September 6 7 Outage 25
Borrego Flood Outage 9/6-7 At 1420, single transmission line to Borrego trips out 9 Transmission and 11 Distribution poles reported down 1056 total customers restored during outage 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 26 13:15 13:55 14:35 15:15 15:55 16:35 17:15 17:55 18:35 19:15 19:55 20:35 21:15 21:55 22:35 23:15 23:55 0:35 1:15 1:55 2:35 3:15 3:55 4:35 5:15 5:55 6:35 7:15 7:55 8:35 9:15 9:55 10:35 11:15 11:55 12:35 13:15 13:55 14:35 15:15 15:55 16:35 Load (kw) Borrego Microgrid
CES - Borrego Flood Outage 9/6-7 No outage seen at St. Vincent CES unit site 27
Agenda Projects Microgrid Background Real World Applications for Microgrids Real World Summary 28
Significance and Importance First large scale utility Microgrid Islanded real customer loads Alternative service delivery model Provided advanced technologies for future applications Established model to be used by other utilities 29
Microgrid Opportunities Support the integration of renewable resources Improve reliability and power quality Support emergency operations Ability to ride through outages Optimize energy usage Enable participation in new markets for demand response and ancillary services 30
Borrego Microgrid 2.0 Overview Enhance the Borrego Springs Microgrid to be more flexible and automated in responding to a variety of potential outage situations, and leverage various new technologies and Distributed Energy Resources for increased Microgrid capabilities. Goals Enhance Emergency Readiness Increase Operational Flexibility Decrease Outage Response Times Increase Grid Resiliency Demonstrate New Microgrid Technologies Increase Microgrid Load Capacity 31
Acknowledgements Acknowledgement: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy [National Nuclear Security Administration] under Award DE-FC26-08NT02870 and DE-FC26-08NT01904. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do no necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared as a result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission). It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees, or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the use of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the Energy Commission nor has the Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2010 32
Thank you for your time! Questions? Neal Bartek nbartek@semprautilities.com http://www.sdge.com/smartgrid/ 33