Community Storage and Electric Vehicles Jeff Springer
Why We Need Storage Since the beginning of grid electricity, generation was dispatched to follow load With increasing amounts of renewable generation comes the need for loads that can follow intermittent generation Many Midwest utilities already operate a load control system for peak shaving and storage loads
Power in or out from MISO High Voltage Transmission Network Cooperative Distribution Network Cooperative Distribution Network Cooperative Distribution Network
What is Community Storage? Unusual partnership of cooperatives, investor owned utilities, municipal utilities, and environmental organizations Designed to utilize electric loads that bring some sort of energy storage capacity to the grid The need, and thus the value, of this is likely to grow as more intermittent generation resources are added to the grid
So What s Really New Here? Community Storage is a new use for the control of storage loads to optimize utilization of renewable resources Increasingly there is the view that electricity is the green energy of the future (now that s new!) Not so crazy when you think about it what other fuel can be carbon free?
Loads That Will Work Storage water heating large and small Heat pump storage water heaters large maybe small Storage heat room, central, and slab Ice storage cooling systems Electric vehicles And in the future Battery storage systems
Changes Coming to Water Heaters Residential resistance electric water heaters larger than 55 gallons can only be made if they are grid enabled As of December 31, 2017 commercial electric resistance water heaters must be 12 kw or greater Grid enabled water heaters are disabled until they are activated by your utility
What s in it for ME? Price differentials between on-peak and offpeak energy are not that big (yet) Avoiding seasonal peak times has value but does not require storage Utilities can provide electricity derived from renewable sources Makes a difference to some customers
Extending the Concept For customers adding solar panels to their home Could storage enable the use of off-peak loads that would benefit the utility and the customer? Put in a storage water heater and/or electric vehicle but let the utility charge them at night with wind energy and let the customer s solar system contribute more to peak reduction during the daytime
Ice Storage for Dairy Farms Dairyland had an ice storage project at dairy farms over 20 years ago It worked but everything had to be custom fabricated and farms were small Today, manufacturers have packaged systems for ice storage chilling and farms are much larger Price differentials between on and off-peak will need to be higher to make this practical
Battery Storage Why not just store it in batteries? One word: COST But Tesla has a Powerwall that must work It does, in California by mandate and in Australia due to a very unusual rate structure Batteries may be a part of our energy future but there are far more inexpensive energy storage resources that we should implement first
Electric Vehicles Electric vehicles are coming but will anyone (besides utilities) buy them? Electric vehicles owe a debt to Tesla They made electric cars cool Built a nationwide fast charging network Are building the worlds largest battery factory Have pressured other automakers to bring electric cars faster (not just faster electric cars!)
How Much Faster?
Cool but how fast does it charge?
Charging Infrastructure Level 1 120 volt 12 amps (15 amp circuit) charges in 8 to 14 hours Level 2 240 volt 32 amps (40 amp circuit) charges in 4-6 hours 2 EV s and a few lights = 100 amp panel in garage! Tesla s high speed home charger pulls 18 kw! Level 3 480 volts 3 phase up to 400 amps half charge in 10 minutes full in 25 minutes Rollout has started in eastern and western states but Beta vs. VHS vs. Tesla may delay full deployment SAE Combo vs. CHAdeMO vs. Tesla
Where Are the Cars? Fleet Distribution during week Home Residence Work School & Church Commercial Other Driving 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Sunday 04:00 Sunday 08:00 Sunday 12:00 Sunday 16:00 Sunday 20:00 Monday 00:00 Monday 04:00 Monday 08:00 Monday 12:00 Monday 16:00 Monday 20:00 Tuesday 00:00 Tuesday 04:00 Tuesday 08:00 Tuesday 12:00 Tuesday 16:00 Tuesday 20:00 Wednesday 00:00 Wednesday 04:00 Wednesday 08:00 Wednesday 12:00 Wednesday 16:00 Wednesday 20:00 Thursday 00:00 Thursday 04:00 Thursday 08:00 Thursday 12:00 Thursday 16:00 Thursday 20:00 Friday 00:00 Friday 04:00 Friday 08:00 Friday 12:00 Friday 16:00 Friday 20:00 Saturday 00:00 Saturday 04:00 Saturday 08:00 Saturday 12:00 Saturday 16:00 Saturday 20:00 Sunday 00:00
EV Load Control? Customers are already asking for special rates for plug-in vehicles Let me get this straight you just bought a $100,000 car and now you are wondering about a discounted rate for charging it? Time of day metering or direct load control or both? Next generation may be able to feed into the grid as well as draw from it
Plug-in Hybrid Truck? Cars yes but trucks?
VIA VTrux
Electric Tractors?
Other Electric Vehicles Heavy tractors may be a long ways off but small short duty applications are becoming feasible Lawn mowing Utility vehicles Feeding and cleaning
Will Politics Trump the Move to EVs? EPA C.A.F.E. standards will require some degree of electrification those requirements could be softened Looking around the world, there is a push toward vehicle electrification The US is no longer the largest car market in the world and manufacturers are moving towards common platforms instead of country by country solutions
Key Take-Aways Community Storage and Electric Vehicles Jeff Springer Community Storage can be a part of the solution to challenges created by intermittent generation Energy pricing will adapt to encourage needed resources Vehicle electrification is coming but it won t arrive tomorrow Significant infrastructure is needed for pure electric vehicles to work for long distance travel Low power, short duration needs are a good fit for battery electric solutions does anyone use a corded drill anymore?
Questions?