Going the Dual Fuel Route

Going the Dual Fuel Route

TecnoVeritas Engineering Prizes Winner of Seatrade Awards for Clean Shipping London 2012 As a result of in depth marine engineering, knowledge and innovation, its product VEEO was the winner of the Seatrade Awards 2012. IMO Secretary General (right) and the ABS CEO (left) 2

TecnoVeritas Engineering Prizes Green Projects Awards 2013 As a result of the research to mitigate the atmosphere emissions, ENERMULSION was awarded with the Distinction of the Green Projects Awards in 2013. Both CEO s of TecnoVeritas 3

The Emissions Problems Near coast populations health problems (cancer and lung diseases), Global warming (Green House Gases Effect) global environment changes; 4

The Emissions Problems IMO MEPC 70 agreed last 27th October on a SOx emissions CAP of 0.5% Sulphur maximum content by the year 2020. NOX emissions (with solution, at least partially) VOC s (with solution, at least partially) Particulate Matter emissions (with solution, at least partially) Carbon Dioxide Emissions (without evident solution considering the actual rate of consumption of energy originated by hydrocarbons ) 5

Energy Input / Useful Energy 6

Ship Energy Efficiency 7

Losses and more losses! 8

The CO 2 CAP In light of the developing scientific understanding of the impact of maritime transport on the global climate, it has been decided that this should be assessed regularly and that the European Commission should consider implementing policies and measures to reduce both CO 2 emissions and other kinds of emissions from vessels in future. According to data provided by the IMO, the energy consumption and emissions of ships could be reduced by up to 75% by applying operational measures and implementing technologies which already exist. 9

Shipping Industry Challenges It is believed that the best option to reduce CO 2 emissions from shipping is to set up a system for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of CO 2 emissions based on the fuel consumption of ships. (political point of view) OR Slow down of ship speed as P kv 3 and P = T N and T then : mሶ Fuel K 1 N V3 mሶ Fuel OR Increase the Thermal Efficiency of Propulsion Plants OR Use lower Carbon content fuels like: Natural Gas, Methanol, Ethanol, 10

Shipping Industry Challenges If everybody agrees that SO X and NO X are harmful to Nature, only few recognize that Particulate Matter is worse, in particular the PM10. It is estimated that health costs in Europe due to the contribution of pollutant emissions from Shipping will increase from 7% in 2000 (ie 58.4 billion) to 12% in 2020, reaching a value of about 64.1 billion. Denmark is a country particularly affected by heavy traffic of ships along its coast, between the Baltic and the North Sea, the reduction of sulphur and their respective oxides SO X resulted in a cost reduction with the health of 627 million in 2000 to the expected 375 million in 2020. 11

Shipping Industry Challenges SO X CAP Last month, MEPC 70, The UN's International Maritime Organisation, has set 2020 as the year of implementation of its 0.5% global cap on sulphur content in marine fuels. The decision is expected both to accelerate the use of LNG as a marine fuel by ships in the coming years and reduce avoidable deaths from air pollution. Certain shipping organisations have called for the introduction of the cap to be deferred until 2025, arguing there was insufficient low-sulphur fuel oil, or alternative LNG refuelling infrastructure to serve the shipping market. But the result: IMO's Marine Environment Protection Committee in the afternoon of October 27 voted in favour of introduction in 2020. 12

Possibilities to decrease the CO2 emissions Natural Gas 2.7500 Ton CO2/ Ton LNG 48.75 MJ/ kg HFO (RME-RMK) 3.1151 Ton CO2/ Ton HFO 41.20 MJ/ kg Diesel Gasoil (MGO) 3.2060 Ton CO2 / Ton MGO 42. 20 MJ /kg Methanol 1.3865 Ton CO2 /Ton CH3OH 20.10 MJ/kg Hydrogen 0.0000 Ton CO2/ Ton H2 120.00 MJ/kg 13

TecnoVeritas Natural Gas Activities Underground Storage of Natural Gas Design of Small Scale Terminals Ship Conversions Feasibility Studies Conversion of Existing Marine Diesel Engines to Dual Fuel Operation 14

One of the elected ship types to be converted to Dual Fuel Operation 15

One of the elected ship types to be converted to Dual Fuel Operation 16

LNG Fuel Tank Solutions 17

LNG Fuel Tank Solutions 18

LNG Fuel Tank Solutions 19

LNG Fuel Tank Solutions 20

VTEC Dual Fuel Conversions of Existing Diesel Engines 21

Typical Propulsion Plants Four Stroke Medium Speed Engines; Constant Speed; Controllable Pitch Propeller; Typical cost of conversion 8 M Unbearable!! 22

How to convert the existing Diesel engines to Dual Fuel operation Ignition temperatures of common fuels: Diesel Oil 210ºC HFO MRK 210-260ºC Methane 580ºC Dual Fuel Combustion process Natural gas is injected through the inlet port, after the exhaust gas valve is closed and compressed with the air up to a pressure and temperature sufficient to ignite the liquid Diesel fuel being injected into the combustion chamber; The liquid Diesel fuel, will ignite, producing the required energy for the ignition of the gas charge in the cylinder. 23

Dual Fuel combustion mechanism The combustion process in a dual fuel engine can be divided into three distinct subprocesses: ignition of the pilot fuel; combustion of the gaseous fuel which is in the vicinity of the pilot fuel cores; and combustion of the gaseous fuel due to flame propagation into the premixed lean charge. 24

Dual control system 25

Time for gas injection 26

27

Exhaust Emissions of Dual Fuel operation Generally, fuel efficiencies are comparable to those under pure diesel engine operation are achieved at high engine loads; With a reduction in the use of liquid diesel fuel up to 90%: a) Particulate matter (PM) emissions reductions above 50% were observed; b) Nitrogen oxides (NOX) in dual fuel mode by 30% were observed, However a increase in the emissions of c) Carbon monoxide (CO) by 10%, and d) Unburned hydrocarbons (HC) by 20% were observed. 28

VTec Dual Fuel multi-point injection hardware View of the natural gas common rail and respective individual cylinder gas flexible pipes 29

VTec Dual Fuel multi-point injection hardware View of the gas injection solenoid valve Cylinder cock valve with pressure transducer fitted 30

Engine Monitoring for Safety & Performance EDS Engine Diagnosis System with the capabality of analysisng the combustion in-line of each cyclinder 31

KDS Knock, Detonation and misfiring detection system Time signal of each cylinder Frequency domain signal of each cylinder FFT. 32

VTec Dual Fuel multi-point injection hardware Main control cabinet Inpulse II Injection controller 33

VTec control interface system Control system interface of a VTec multi point injection system 34

Innovation on Ship Energy Efficiency TecnoVeritas is a Marine Engineering and Naval Architecture consultancy company, that has since its very beginning a strong Innovation on Ship Energy and Environment Products, such as: VEEO - Voyage Energy Efficiency Optimizer BOEM-S - Big Data Cloud Based Software for Fleet Business Assurance OPTIPOWER Thrust and Shaft Power meters for Ultimate Ship Performance VTEC Dual Fuel Systems Conversions to Dual Fuel of existing Diesel Engines 35

ENERGY PERFORMANCE SYSTEM VEEOVoyage Energy & Efficiency Optimizer MAINS SCREENS OF VEEO KPIs Bars indicators TRIM Adjustment Propulsion Thrust Optimization Main Engine Performance Propeller Law All Systems Performance Bars Indicators Bunker Control with anti robbery system

FLEET BUSINESS & PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE BOEM-S Blue Overall & Energy Monitoring System Documentation; Technical Benchmark; Performance Monitoring; Condition Monitoring; Performance & Condition Prediction; Video Surveillance. Weather Routing; Profits Prediction; Documentation; Commercial Benchmark; Best maintenance control; Tasks Library; Spare Parts Management; History;

VEEO BOEM-S BOEM-S & VEEO, are the two tools of TecnoVeritas for Fleet Performance & Business Assurance both tools are approved by NATO, and are in service onboard Naval vessels as well. www.boem-s.com

OPTIPOWER Torque, Thrust and Power all in one instrument, the ultimate ship performance tool, satisfying the ISO/DIS 19030-1. OPTIPOWER allows the segregation of performances from Hull, Propeller and Propulsion Engines. 39

VEEO + BOEM-S 40

Thank you for your attention. For queries please contact our Portuguese Office or email your query to: info@tecnoveritas.net