Plug-in Electric Vehicles are coming is your Utility Ready? Britta K. Gross Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization 2009 Summer Seminar August 3, 2009
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Announcements Coming Very Soon 2
Extended-Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) Chevy Volt 4
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Up to miles Battery ELECTRIC DRIVE Hundreds of miles EXTENDED RANGE Driving (Gasoline or E85) 9
Typical Commute Why Target 40 Miles? 40 Miles Is the Key Based on U.S. Department of Transportation 2003 Omnibus Household Survey 10
Charging and Infrastructure 11
Our Goals (GM, EPRI and the Partnering Electric Utilities) Accelerate use of electricity to replace gasoline Create affordable, desirable vehicles that take advantage of the grid Provide accessible, reliable, convenient, low-cost electricity (assure that homes are ready and charging is easy standards in place) Realize environmental benefits of the plug-in revolution 12
GM/EPRI/Utility Collaboration Includes more than 50 Utilities many the industry s thoughtleaders in electric transportation and grid interaction BC Hydro Manitoba Hydro Snohomish County PUD No. 1 Seattle City Light Avista Corp. Hydro-Québec Portland General Electric PacifiCorp NY ISO Great River Energy Hydro One Central Hudson G&E Northeast Utilities Consumers EnergyRochester G&E United Illuminating Dairyland Power We Energies DTE EnWin NYPAConEd Madison G&E PJM LIPA Nebraska Public Power Dist. Exelon PSEG FirstEnergy Sacramento Municipal UD Constellation Energy Lincoln Electric AEP Pepco Holdings, Inc. Hetch Hetchy Water and Power Tri-State G&T Great Plains Energy Hoosier Dominion Resources Pacific Gas & Electric Ameren Duke Energy Southern California Edison Services Progress Energy Salt River Project Arizona Public Service Tennessee Valley Authority San Diego Gas & Electric Arkansas Electric Coop Golden Valley Electric Assn. Southern Company Austin Energy CenterPoint Energy CPS Energy EUROPE Iberdrola, S.A. Hawaiian Electric Co. 13
Six Things We Need to Get Right Market analysis Technical features Public education Customer experience Macro value analysis Public policy 14
Charging Power Levels The Volt Can Be Charged at Either 120V or 240V 120V (1.2 kw) charging The Volt plugs into a standard household outlet Full charge in about 8 hours (temperature dependent) May require understanding and control of other devices on the circuit 240V (3.3 kw) charging Full charge is about 3 hours This faster charging will have additional customer value Will usually require a one time investment to upgrade the garage with a dedicated 240V circuit Charger and control logic is on-board the vehicle Designed for global voltages 120V charge cord comes with the vehicle in NA 15
How Does a Volt Compare? Annual Energy Usage Electrical Appliances Home Heating System 3,524 kwh Computer & monitor Operating ALL day Central Air Conditioning Refrigerator/Freezer Water Heater Clothes Dryer Lighting 2,796 kwh 2,610 kwh 2,552 kwh 2,520 KWh 1,079 kwh 940 kwh CHEVY for annual energy usage 16
Impact on the Grid Electricity: An important energy source with significant capacity to support transportation 10 million E-REVs in 2010 would add a load that is less than 1% of the total grid load 17
Electric Grid Design for Peak Demand Volt Leverages Off-Peak for Charging 18
Where are the Cars? Fleet Distribution during week Home Residence Work School & Church Commercial Other Driving 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Sunday 04:00 Sunday 08:00 Sunday 12:00 Sunday 16:00 Sunday 20:00 Monday 00:00 Monday 04:00 Monday 08:00 Monday 12:00 Monday 16:00 Monday 20:00 Tuesday 00:00 Tuesday 04:00 Tuesday 08:00 Tuesday 12:00 Tuesday 16:00 Tuesday 20:00 Wednesday 00:00 Wednesday 04:00 Wednesday 08:00 Wednesday 12:00 Wednesday 16:00 Wednesday 20:00 Thursday 00:00 Thursday 04:00 Thursday 08:00 Thursday 12:00 Thursday 16:00 Thursday 20:00 Friday 00:00 Friday 04:00 Friday 08:00 Friday 12:00 Friday 16:00 Friday 20:00 Saturday 00:00 Saturday 04:00 Saturday 08:00 Saturday 12:00 Saturday 16:00 Saturday 20:00 Sunday 00:00 Source of Data - 2001 National Household Travel Survey ; GM Data Analysis (Tate/Savagian) - SAE paper 2009-01-1311 19
Home is Still the Primary Location for Vehicle Charging, but Several respondents indicated they would need to clean or rearrange their garages in order to make room for the charger. Garage is often used for more than just parking vehicles. Because several have washers/dryers or refrigerators in the garage, 220V lines already exist. Still, some would have trouble making room for an additional line/charger. Having the charger located on the right or front of the vehicle worked better for some. Several respondents were really not sure how they would make it work around the clutter in their garages.
Home (Residential) Charging Installation Objectives: Establish a single point-of-contact for consumer Eliminate consumer confusion Public dialogue on electricity rates and time-of-use (TOU) language Understanding of available rate plans and best options for plugging-in their Volt Offer a satisfying home charging experience Safe, convenient and reliable Professional, courteous and comfortable service Deliver acceptable (low or reasonable) cost Initial setup, installation cost Monthly charge (electricity) cost Promote a long-term consumer relationship 21
Plug-in Ready Communities Required Stakeholders: Dedicated Project Leader State, City, County Governments Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD DOT Utilities (municipal and regional) Regulators/Public Utility Commissions Permitting and Code Officials Local Employers Local Universities 22
Plug-in Ready Communities Required Stakeholders: Dedicated Project Leader State, City, County Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD DOT Utilities Regulators/Public Utility Commissions Permitting and Code Officials Local Employers Local Universities Desired Enablers Game Plan Infrastructure / Incentives / Educational Outreach Vehicle purchase incentives Green/renewable charging options Government fleet purchases HOV lane access Charging installation incentives (home, work, public) Low off-peak charging rates (e.g. to encourage nighttime charging) Free parking Building codes to include home charging enablers Free charging 23
Thank you