Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2016 Traffic Safety Single vehicle accidents Basic Facts 2016 Single vehicle accidents
A significant decrease of 44% in single vehicle accident fatalities was recorded during the decade 2005-2014. General In this Basic Fact Sheet, single vehicle accident or single vehicle collision is a type of road accident in which only one vehicle and no other road user is involved. Run-off-road collisions, collisions with fallen rocks or debris in the road, rollover crashes within the roadway and collisions with animals are included in this category. About 108.000 persons were killed in single vehicle accidents, in the European Union countries within the decade 2005-2014. This number represents almost one third of all road accident fatalities in those countries (30%). The number of people killed in single vehicle accidents in 2014 was 44% less than the respective number in 2005. The total number of fatalities fell by 42% in the European Union countries over the same period. Figure 1: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities and all road fatalities, EU, 2005-2014 50.000 45.000 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 Total road fatalities Single vehicle accident fatalities 16.000 14.000 12.000 10.000 8.000 20.000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 6.000 The total number of fatalities in the EU countries was 11% less in 2009 than in 2008, whereas the number of single vehicle accident fatalities was 7% less. The latter number, however, fell by 15% in 2010, whereas the fatality total fell again by 11%. About 108.000 persons -one third of all road fatalities- were killed in single vehicle accidents, in the EU, within the decade 2005-2014. Table 1 provides an overview of the evolution of single vehicle accident fatalities for the decade 2005-2014. Within the decade, the most significant reduction in single vehicle fatalities occurred in Spain (61%) and Croatia (60%). In 2014, the number of these fatalities decreased in comparison to 2013: Croatia (25%), Greece (19%), Poland (14%). On the other hand, there was a considerable increase in 2014 in Latvia (39%). - 2 -
Within the decade 2005-2014, the most significant reduction in single vehicle accident fatalities is recorded in Spain (61%) and Croatia (60%). Table 1: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities by country, 2005-2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BE 482 470 464 420 421 355 351 320 309 269 BG - - - 382 358 - - - - - CZ 402 343 427 326 321 247 246 244 207 220 DK 75 72 89 112 90 75 69 50 56 52 DE 1.763 1.638 1.566 1.390 1.372 1.119 1.267 1.102 987 995 EE 47 62 79 36 32 22 29 20 26 28 IE - - - - - - - - - - EL 632 637 613 571 551 499 446 431 381 308 ES 1.558 1.451 1.327 1.129 1.009 842 713 722 575 606 FR 1.959 1.778 1.709 1.578 1.707 1.541 1.462 1.401 1.166 1.231 HR - - 239 226 222 158 175 157 128 96 IT 1.681 1.650 1.445 1.295 1.261 1.212 1.168 1.145 1.092 954 CY - - - - - - - - - - LV 118 116 99 119 83 72 54 45 49 68 LT - - - - - - - - 65 70 LU 24 19 19 14 19 18 12 17 17 14 HU 302 320 294 244 228 133 158 124 130 126 MT 3 3 5 1 5 7 - - - - NL 177 158 154 244 226 176 167 180 148 151 AT 282 268 243 252 239 195 190 187 148 156 PL 1.299 1.263 1.484 1.451 1.193 913 1.046 906 857 737 PT 482 383 381 365 229 368 334 301 233 245 RO 701 599 712 885 761 600 538 570 472 469 SI 47 56 65 43 36 31 30 39 30 - SK 180 151 175 165 114 89 89-84 - FI 127 127 116 124 109 81 99 66 95 84 SE 186 157 169 153 149 101 107 97 98 85 UK 848 874 754 655 619 444 483 422 433 423 EU 13.996 13.216 13.010 12.179 11.355 9.656 9.598 8.995 8.086 7.796 Yearly change -6% -2% -6% -7% -15% -1% -6% -9% -3% IS 9 14 7 6 8 3 5 6 7 0 NO 74 79 76 107 78 74 61 49 75 54 Totals for EU include latest available data (Data for Ireland, Cyprus and Lithuania not included in totals) Table 2 provides the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents in the EU for the decade 2005-2014. In 2014, this was 30% in the EU countries. - 3 -
The percentage of EU fatalities occurring in single vehicle accidents in 2014 was 30%. Table 2: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities by country, 2005-2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BE 44% 44% 43% 44% 45% 42% 41% 42% 43% 37% BG - - - 36% 40% - - - - - CZ 31% 32% 35% 30% 36% 31% 32% 33% 32% 32% DK 23% 24% 22% 28% 30% 29% 31% 30% 29% 29% DE 33% 32% 32% 31% 33% 31% 32% 31% 30% 29% EE 28% 30% 40% 27% 33% 28% 29% 23% 32% 36% IE - - - - - - - - - - EL 38% 38% 38% 37% 38% 40% 39% 44% 43% 39% ES 35% 35% 35% 36% 37% 34% 35% 38% 34% 36% FR 37% 38% 37% 37% 40% 39% 37% 38% 36% 36% HR - - 39% 34% 41% 37% 42% 40% 35% 31% IT 29% 29% 28% 27% 30% 29% 30% 31% 32% 28% CY - - - - - - - - - - LV 27% 29% 24% 38% 33% 33% 30% 25% 27% 32% LT - - - - - - - - 25% 26% LU 51% 44% 41% 40% 40% 56% 36% 50% 38% 40% HU 24% 25% 24% 24% 28% 18% 25% 20% 22% 20% MT 18% 27% 42% 11% 33% 54% - - - - NL 24% 22% 22% 36% 35% 33% 31% 32% 31% 32% AT 37% 37% 35% 37% 38% 35% 36% 35% 33% 36% PL 24% 24% 27% 27% 26% 23% 25% 25% 26% 23% PT 39% 40% 39% 41% 27% 39% 37% 42% 37% 38% RO 27% 23% 25% 29% 27% 25% 27% 28% 25% 26% SI 18% 21% 22% 20% 21% 22% 21% 30% 24% - SK 30% 25% 26% 27% 30% 24% - - 26% - FI 34% 38% 31% 36% 39% 30% 34% 26% 37% 37% SE 42% 35% 36% 39% 42% 38% 34% 34% 38% 31% UK 25% 27% 25% 25% 26% 23% 25% 23% 24% 23% EU 31% 31% 31% 31% 32% 31% 31% 32% 31% 30% IS 39% 74% 23% 40% 67% 18% 63% 50% 78% 0% NO 29% 35% 31% 46% 31% 35% 29% 29% 52% 29% Even though, in 2014, single vehicle accident fatalities constituted on average almost one third of the overall fatalities in the EU, the percentage was 20% in Hungary. It was highest in Greece (39%). Figure 2 shows that the number of single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU reduced gradually from 2005 to 2014. The percentage of all fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents varied within a narrow range, and was relatively high in 2009. - 4 -
Figure 2: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities and percentage of all road fatalities, EU, 2005-2014 16.000 14.000 12.000 10.000 100% 80% 60% 8.000 6.000 40% 4.000 2.000 0 Number of single vehicle accident fatalities Percentage of total road fatalities 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20% 0% Although the number of single vehicle accident fatalities fell within the decade examined in the EU, the percentage of all fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents varied within a narrow range. Table 3: Single vehicle accident fatality rates per million population by country, 2005-2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BE 46,1 44,7 43,8 39,4 39,2 32,7 31,9 28,8 27,7 24,0 BG - - - 50,8 47,9 - - - - - CZ 39,4 33,5 41,6 31,5 30,8 23,6 23,5 23,2 19,7 20,9 DK 13,9 13,3 16,3 20,5 16,3 13,6 12,4 9,0 10,0 9,2 DE 21,4 19,9 19,0 16,9 16,7 13,7 15,5 13,7 12,3 12,3 EE 34,6 45,9 58,8 26,9 24,0 16,5 21,8 15,1 19,7 21,3 IE - - - - - - - - - - EL 57,6 57,9 55,5 51,6 49,7 44,9 40,1 38,9 34,6 28,2 ES 36,0 33,0 29,6 24,7 21,8 18,1 15,3 15,4 12,3 13,0 FR 31,2 28,1 26,9 24,7 26,5 23,8 22,5 21,5 17,8 18,7 HR - 55,4 55,4 52,4 51,5 36,7 40,8 36,7 30,0 22,6 IT 29,0 28,4 24,8 22,1 21,4 20,5 19,7 19,3 18,3 15,7 CY - - - - - - - - - - LV 52,5 52,1 44,8 54,3 38,4 34,0 26,0 22,0 24,2 34,0 LT - - - - - - - - 21,9 23,8 LU 52,0 40,5 39,9 28,9 38,5 35,9 23,4 32,4 31,7 25,5 HU 29,9 31,8 29,2 24,3 22,7 13,3 15,8 12,5 13,1 12,8 MT 7,5 7,4 12,3 2,5 12,2 16,9 - - - - NL 10,9 9,7 9,4 14,9 13,7 10,6 10,0 10,8 8,8 9,0 AT 34,4 32,5 29,3 30,3 28,7 23,3 22,7 22,2 17,5 18,3 PL 34,0 33,1 38,9 38,1 31,3 24,0 27,5 23,8 22,5 19,4 PT 45,9 36,4 36,2 34,6 21,7 34,8 31,6 28,6 22,2 23,5 RO 32,8 28,2 33,7 42,9 37,2 29,6 26,6 28,4 23,6 23,5 SI 23,5 28,0 32,3 21,4 17,7 15,1 14,6 19,0 14,6 - SK 33,5 28,1 32,6 30,7 21,2 16,5 - - 15,5 - FI 24,3 24,2 22,0 23,4 20,5 15,1 18,4 12,2 17,5 15,4 SE 20,6 17,4 18,5 16,7 16,1 10,8 11,4 10,2 10,3 8,8 UK 14,1 14,4 12,3 10,6 10,0 7,1 7,7 6,6 6,8 6,6 EU 28,3 26,6 26,1 24,3 22,6 19,2 19,0 17,8 16,0 15,4 IS 30,7 46,7 22,8 19,0 25,0 9,4 15,7 18,8 21,7 0,0 NO 16,1 17,0 16,2 22,6 16,3 15,2 12,4 9,8 14,8 10,6 Source: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May 2016-5 -
In 2014 the single vehicle fatality rate in Latvia was more than twice the EU average. Figure 3: Single vehicle accident fatality rates per million population, EU, 2005 and 2014 or latest available year 60 50 40 2005 2014 EU 2005 EU 2014 30 20 10 0 LV EL LU BE LT RO PT HR EE CZ PL FR AT IT EU SK FI Source: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May 2016 SI ES HU DE DK NL SE UK Figure 3 shows that the average fatality rate decreased by 45% between 2005 and 2014 in the EU countries. Latvia had the highest single vehicle fatality rate (34) in 2014, which is more than twice the average EU rate, whereas the United Kingdom has the lowest rate (6,6). The most significant reduction of the single vehicle accident fatality rate over the decade 2005-2014 occurred in Spain (64%). The most significant reduction of the single vehicle accident fatality rate over the decade 2005-2014 occurred in Spain (64%) and only Latvia had a fatality rate in 2014 that was higher than the EU average for 2005. In the following tables and figures, the CARE data for 2014 are analysed in greater detail. It should be noted that the latest available data are used, meaning 2009 data for BG, 2010 data for MT, and 2013 data for IE, SI and SK. - 6 -
Age group and Gender Table 4: Distribution of single and non-single vehicle accident fatalities of drivers by country and age group, 2014 or latest available year "Single vehicle accident" driver fatalities "Non-single vehicle accident" driver fatalities <15 15-17 18-24 25-49 50-64 65+ <15 15-17 18-24 25-49 50-64 65+ The percentage of young drivers (18-24 years old) killed in single vehicle accidents is more than 45% higher than the respective ratio for non-single vehicle accidents. BE 0% 1% 23% 44% 18% 13% 2% 1% 13% 34% 20% 31% BG 0% 3% 20% 59% 14% 5% 1% 1% 15% 50% 22% 12% CZ 0% 0% 20% 54% 12% 15% 1% 1% 11% 44% 27% 17% DK 0% 0% 12% 43% 19% 26% 2% 0% 14% 36% 23% 25% DE 0% 1% 18% 38% 23% 19% 1% 2% 14% 32% 23% 28% EE 0% 0% 29% 52% 14% 5% 0% 5% 15% 40% 35% 5% IE - - - - - - 0% 1% 19% 47% 13% 21% EL 0% 3% 18% 47% 17% 15% 1% 2% 13% 41% 24% 20% ES 0% 1% 9% 48% 24% 18% 0% 1% 6% 49% 22% 23% FR 0% 1% 22% 46% 19% 12% 2% 4% 17% 40% 16% 21% HR 0% 0% 16% 53% 22% 8% 0% 0% 9% 43% 25% 23% IT 0% 1% 12% 40% 22% 25% 0% 2% 11% 39% 22% 26% CY - - - - - - 0% 4% 33% 37% 11% 15% LV 0% 0% 26% 35% 26% 13% 2% 0% 14% 46% 16% 22% LT 3% 3% 23% 55% 18% 0% 5% 2% 11% 42% 30% 11% LU 0% 0% 18% 73% 9% 0% 0% 0% 13% 50% 38% 0% HU 1% 0% 17% 51% 14% 17% 0% 1% 7% 39% 32% 21% MT 0% - 25% 75% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% NL 0% 2% 21% 39% 13% 24% 5% 4% 9% 25% 15% 41% AT 1% 3% 17% 41% 19% 19% 0% 4% 12% 28% 29% 27% PL 0% 1% 32% 46% 15% 6% 1% 2% 14% 39% 23% 21% PT 1% 1% 9% 45% 21% 24% 1% 2% 5% 39% 28% 24% RO 0% 1% 22% 47% 19% 11% 2% 1% 7% 41% 29% 20% SI 0% 0% 17% 47% 23% 13% 2% 3% 12% 29% 31% 22% SK 0% 0% 24% 51% 19% 7% 1% 1% 9% 39% 23% 28% FI 0% 8% 16% 38% 15% 22% 0% 3% 14% 33% 18% 32% SE 1% 0% 13% 33% 27% 26% 1% 5% 7% 30% 21% 36% UK 0% 2% 24% 41% 19% 15% 1% 1% 17% 41% 19% 22% EU 0% 1% 19% 44% 19% 16% 1% 2% 13% 39% 22% 24% IS - - - - - - 0% 0% 50% 0% 50% 0% NO 0% 0% 14% 45% 17% 24% 5% 3% 7% 32% 23% 30% Table 4 shows that 44% of the drivers killed in single vehicle accidents are aged 25-49 years old. Moreover, the ratio of young drivers (18-24 years old) killed in single vehicle accidents is more than 45% higher than the respective ratio for the non-single vehicle accidents (19% compared with 13%). Figure 4 shows the distribution of driver fatalities in single and non-single vehicle accidents by age group. Almost 60% of killed drivers aged 18-24 years old were killed in single vehicle road accidents. - 7 -
Figure 4: Distribution of single and non-single vehicle accident fatalities of drivers by age group, EU, 2014 or latest available year 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% <15 15-17 18-24 25-49 50-64 65+ "Non-single vehicle accident" driver fatalities "Single vehicle accident" driver fatalities Almost two fifths of all female fatalities occurred in single vehicle accidents, compared with over half of male fatalities. Males account for 83% of the single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU countries in 2014. Figure 5 indicates that almost two fifths of all female fatalities occurred in single vehicle accidents, compared with over half of male fatalities. Figure 5: Distribution of single and non-single vehicle accident fatalities by gender, EU, 2014 or latest available year 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Female Single vehicle accident fatalities Male Non- single vehicle accident fatalities - 8 -
Map 1: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and gender, 2014 or latest available year - 9 -
Mode of transport Table 5 presents the distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by mode of transport in 2014. In the EU countries, the percentage of fatalities is highest for car/taxis (65%), with the two wheeler fatalities (mopeds, motorcycles and pedal cycles) accounting for 24% in 2014. In the EU, the highest percentage of fatalities was recorded in car/taxis (65%) with two wheelers fatalities accounting for 24% in 2014. Table 5: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and mode of transport, 2014 or latest available year Car/Taxi Bus/Lorry Two Other/ wheelers unknown Total BE 68% 7% 17% 7% 269 BG 88% 1% 6% 6% 358 CZ 70% 4% 22% 5% 220 DK 60% 2% 37% 2% 52 DE 62% 3% 31% 4% 995 EE 75% 14% 0% 11% 28 IE - - - - - EL 48% 8% 38% 6% 308 ES 52% 10% 30% 8% 606 FR 63% 6% 26% 5% 1.231 HR 63% 2% 26% 9% 96 IT 62% 4% 28% 5% 954 CY - - - - - LV 75% 7% 4% 13% 68 LT 90% 0% 9% 1% 70 LU 93% 0% 7% 0% 14 HU 58% 6% 29% 7% 126 MT 86% 0% 14% 0% 7 NL 60% 3% 30% 7% 151 AT 57% 4% 31% 8% 156 PL 77% 0% 14% 9% 737 PT 47% 13% 24% 15% 245 RO 70% 5% 15% 10% 469 SI 47% 3% 40% 10% 30 SK 76% 2% 8% 13% 84 FI 48% 6% 31% 15% 84 SE 52% 2% 35% 11% 85 UK 72% 4% 21% 4% 423 EU 65% 5% 24% 7% 7.866 IS - - - - 0 NO 50% 9% 24% 17% 54 Figure 6 shows that the percentage of car and taxi fatalities in single vehicle accidents among the EU countries is highest in Lithuania (90%) and Bulgaria (88%). On the other hand, the percentage is lowest in Portugal and Slovenia (47%). - 10 -
In EU, in 2014, the highest percentage of car and taxi fatalities in single vehicle accidents occurred in Lithuania (90%). Figure 6: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and mode of transport, 2014 or latest available year SI PT FI EL SE ES AT HU DK NL DE IT HR FR EU BE CZ RO UK LV EE SK PL MT BG LT LU 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car/taxi Bus/Lorry Two-wheelers Other/unknown As far as two wheelers fatalities (motorcycle, moped or pedal cycles) are concerned, the lowest proportion was recorded in Latvia (4%) and in Slovakia and Lithuania (8% and 9% respectively) as shown in Figure 6. Slovenia had the highest proportion of two wheelers fatalities (40%) among the EU countries. Estonia and Portugal had the highest percentages (14% and 13% respectively) of fatalities in lorries and buses among the other countries. Area and Road type In Figure 7 and Table 6 the distribution of fatalities in single vehicle accidents by area and road type in the EU countries is presented. In the EU, 68% of the single vehicle accident fatalities occurred outside urban areas, more than twice the respective percentage inside urban areas (31%). Figure 7: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and area type, 2014 or latest available year 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% EE LV DK DE UK BG FI CZ FR PL AT LU SE BE SK EU ES IT NL HU SI EL RO PT HR MT Rural Urban Motorway - 11 -
In the EU, single vehicle accident fatalities occurring outside urban areas account for more than twice the respective percentage inside urban areas. Romania has the highest percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities inside urban areas (57%). Table 6: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country, area and road type, 2014 or latest available year Motorway Non-motorway Unknown Total Rural Urban BE 13% 62% 21% 4% 269 BG 4% 70% 26% 0% 358 CZ 2% 68% 30% 0% 220 DK 0% 73% 27% 0% 52 DE 8% 71% 21% 0% 995 EE 0% 79% 21% 0% 28 IE - - - - - EL 7% 46% 46% 0% 308 ES 20% 60% 20% 0% 606 FR 6% 68% 26% 0% 1.231 HR 10% 29% 60% 0% 96 IT 10% 54% 36% 0% 954 CY - - - - - LV 0% 74% 26% 0% 68 LT - - - 100% 70 LU 0% 64% 36% 0% 14 HU 5% 50% 45% 0% 126 MT 0% 0% 100% 0% 7 NL 9% 53% 29% 9% 151 AT 11% 66% 23% 0% 156 PL 1% 66% 32% 0% 737 PT 9% 40% 51% 0% 245 RO 1% 42% 57% 0% 469 SI 3% 47% 50% 0% 30 SK 6% 62% 32% 0% 84 FI 2% 69% 29% 0% 84 SE 11% 64% 18% 8% 85 UK 5% 71% 24% 0% 423 EU 7% 61% 31% 1% 7.866 IS - - - - 0 NO 0% 91% 9% 0% 54 Figure 7 shows that Romania had the highest percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities inside urban areas (57%), whereas Sweden had the lowest (18%) amongst the EU countries in 2014. - 12 -
Map 2: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and area type, 2014 or latest available year - 13 -
Table 7 shows the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents by area and road type in 2014. A quarter of all road fatalities inside urban areas and a third of all motorway fatalities occurred in single vehicle accidents. Table 7: Total number of single vehicle accident fatalities and percentage of all road fatalities by country, area and road type, 2014 or latest available year Motorway Non-motorway Total A quarter of all road fatalities inside urban areas and a third of all motorway fatalities occurred in single vehicle accidents. Rural Urban BE 33% 40% 30% 269 BG 42% 45% 30% 358 CZ 17% 35% 29% 220 DK 0% 31% 30% 52 DE 20% 35% 22% 995 EE - 39% 27% 28 IE - - - - EL 41% 42% 35% 308 ES 42% 38% 27% 606 FR 36% 38% 32% 1.231 HR 45% 29% 30% 96 IT 32% 33% 23% 954 CY - - - - LV - 35% 26% 68 LT - - - 70 LU 0% 39% 56% 14 HU 22% 17% 24% 126 MT - - 54% 7 NL 23% 39% 28% 151 AT 47% 38% 29% 156 PL 16% 29% 16% 737 PT 46% 41% 36% 245 RO 33% 30% 23% 469 SI 6% 25% 28% 30 SK 31% 35% 17% 84 FI 25% 36% 39% 84 SE 29% 34% 22% 85 UK 26% 26% 16% 423 EU 31% 34% 24% 7.866 IS - - - 0 NO - - 3% 54-14 -
Manoeuvre type Table 8 shows the fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents by manoeuvre type inside/outside urban areas in 2014. The vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with single vehicle accident fatalities is driving straight ahead for both types of area (inside and outside urban areas). It is noted though that 70% (inside urban areas) and 69% (outside urban areas) of the single vehicle accident fatalities by manoeuvre type are not defined. The vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with single vehicle accident fatalities is driving straight ahead. Table 8: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country, area and manoeuvre type, 2014 or latest available year Inside urban areas Outside urban areas overtaking stopped/ stopping straight ahead turning/ u turn other/ not defined BE 12% 0% 18% 2% 68% 5% 0% 7% 1% 87% BG 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% CZ 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% DK 0% 0% 86% 14% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% DE 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% EE 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% IE - - - - - - - - - - EL 0% 2% 56% 11% 32% 1% 2% 50% 11% 36% ES 3% 1% 28% 2% 67% 1% 1% 47% 1% 51% FR 3% 1% 59% 21% 16% 3% 0% 59% 26% 12% HR 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% IT 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% CY - - - - - - - - - - LV 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% LT - - - - - - - - - - LU 20% 0% 20% 40% 20% 0% 0% 56% 0% 44% HU 0% 0% 96% 2% 2% 2% 0% 94% 5% 0% MT 0% 0% 71% 0% 29% - - - - - NL 0% 0% 82% 5% 14% 0% 0% 98% 0% 3% AT 0% 0% 19% 0% 81% 1% 0% 17% 0% 82% PL 1% 0% 0% 0% 99% 4% 0% 0% 0% 96% PT 2% 0% 86% 1% 11% 1% 1% 94% 0% 4% RO 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% SI 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% SK 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% FI 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% SE 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% UK 1% 2% 55% 3% 39% 2% 1% 47% 2% 48% EU 1% 0% 24% 4% 70% 1% 0% 25% 5% 69% IS - - - - - - - - - - NO 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% overtaking stopped stopping straight ahead turning/ u turn other/ not defined - 15 -
Sunday is the day of the week when most single vehicle accident fatalities are recorded (22%). Day of the week and Time of the day Figure 8 shows the number of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents and in total accidents in the EU countries in 2014. 70% of all single vehicle accident fatalities occurred between 06:00 and 21:00 in the EU countries in 2014. Sunday is the day of the week when the highest number of single vehicle accident fatalities occurred (22%). Relatively more fatalities in single vehicle accidents occurred on Sundays between midnight and 8 am, while relatively fewer between 8am and 8pm on weekdays in comparison with the total road fatalities. Figure 8: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities and all road fatalities by day of the week and time of the day, EU, 2014 or latest available year Single vehicle accident fatalities Total fatalities 10% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Midnight 4 am 8 am Noon 4 pm 8 pm Midnight 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Midnight 4 am 8 am Noon 4 pm 8 pm Midnight Monday - Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday - Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Seasonality Figure 9 displays the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents per month in the EU countries. Almost 35% of the fatalities in April and August respectively occurred in single vehicle accidents, while the lowest percentage occurred in December (25%). Figure 9: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities by month, EU, 2014 or latest available year 50% 40% 30% Only 25% of the fatalities recorded in December occurred in single vehicle accidents. 20% 10% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 16 -
Table 9 shows the percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities through the year, using pair of months for 2014. The peak months of single vehicle accident fatalities for most of the countries are July/August. Table 9: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and month, 2014 or latest available year Jan/Feb Mar/Apr May/Jun Jul/Aug Sep/Oct Nov/Dec Total BE 15% 15% 22% 16% 14% 17% 269 BG 11% 15% 22% 21% 17% 14% 358 CZ 10% 17% 20% 22% 19% 13% 220 DK 15% 17% 23% 19% 13% 12% 52 DE 11% 17% 21% 21% 17% 14% 995 EE 21% 11% 11% 32% 14% 11% 28 IE - - - - - - - EL 13% 12% 18% 23% 18% 16% 308 ES 12% 18% 16% 19% 18% 18% 606 FR 13% 17% 19% 20% 18% 13% 1.231 HR 6% 21% 21% 23% 17% 13% 96 IT 14% 18% 18% 20% 15% 16% 954 CY - - - - - - - LV 9% 19% 15% 13% 24% 21% 68 LT 16% 13% 17% 27% 9% 19% 70 LU 7% 7% 7% 21% 50% 7% 14 HU 11% 19% 17% 22% 14% 16% 126 MT 14% 29% 29% 14% 0% 14% 7 NL 12% 19% 19% 17% 17% 17% 151 AT 8% 19% 23% 19% 13% 17% 156 PL 10% 16% 20% 21% 18% 15% 737 PT 15% 16% 13% 20% 19% 18% 245 RO 12% 17% 16% 18% 19% 18% 469 SI 10% 10% 27% 7% 37% 10% 30 SK 12% 14% 14% 30% 13% 17% 84 FI 10% 10% 20% 27% 23% 11% 84 SE 9% 18% 16% 25% 20% 12% 85 UK 12% 16% 21% 17% 20% 14% 423 EU 12% 17% 19% 20% 17% 15% 7.866 IS - - - - - - 0 NO 2% 13% 22% 39% 13% 11% 54 In most of the EU countries, the peak for single vehicle accident fatalities occurred in July/August and May/June, while for Latvia and Slovenia the peak occurred in September/October. Fewer single vehicle accident fatalities occurred in January/February (12%) and November/December (15%) in the EU. - 17 -
Lighting Conditions Table 10 shows the distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by lighting conditions in 2014. 33% of the single vehicle accident fatalities occurred in darkness, whilst 51% occurred in daylight or twilight. In 2014, 33% of the single vehicle accident fatalities in EU occurred in darkness. Table 10: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and lighting conditions, 2014 or latest available year darkness daylight/twilight not defined Total BE 35% 40% 25% 269 BG 44% 56% 0% 358 CZ 33% 67% 0% 220 DK 44% 56% 0% 52 DE 32% 68% 0% 995 EE 43% 57% 0% 28 IE - - - - EL 46% 54% 0% 308 ES 33% 67% 0% 606 FR 42% 58% 0% 1.231 HR 49% 51% 0% 96 IT 0% 0% 100% 954 CY - - - - LV 41% 59% 0% 68 LT 30% 70% 0% 70 LU 36% 64% 0% 14 HU 39% 61% 0% 126 MT 57% 29% 14% 7 NL 0% 0% 100% 151 AT 38% 62% 0% 156 PL 36% 64% 0% 737 PT 31% 69% 0% 245 RO 43% 57% 0% 469 SI 0% 0% 100% 30 SK 0% 0% 100% 84 FI 35% 65% 0% 84 SE 29% 59% 12% 85 UK 50% 50% 0% 423 EU 33% 51% 17% 7.866 IS - - - - NO 24% 70% 6% 54 In Figure 10, the percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities per total road fatalities by lighting conditions is presented. In 2014, one third of the fatalities that occurred in darkness, concerned single vehicle accidents (33,5%). - 18 -
Figure 10: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities, by lighting conditions, EU, 2014 or latest available year 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% darkness daylight or twilight not defined Weather conditions Table 11 displays the fatalities in single vehicle accidents by weather conditions. The highest percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities is observed in dry weather (69%). Table 11: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and weather conditions, 2014 or latest available year dry rain other snow not defined Total BE 59% 8% 0% 0% 33% 269 BG 90% 6% 3% 1% 0% 358 CZ 83% 11% 5% 0% 0% 220 DK 79% 19% 2% 0% 0% 52 DE 0% 0% 1% 0% 99% 995 EE 82% 4% 4% 0% 11% 28 IE - - - - - - EL 82% 13% 6% 0% 0% 308 ES 89% 8% 2% 0% 0% 606 FR 83% 12% 5% 0% 0% 1.231 HR 90% 8% 2% 0% 0% 96 IT 77% 11% 12% 0% 0% 954 CY - - - - - - LV 93% 7% 0% 0% 0% 68 LT 80% 11% 6% 0% 3% 70 LU 71% 14% 14% 0% 0% 14 HU 88% 7% 5% 0% 0% 126 MT 71% 0% 14% 0% 14% 7 NL 75% 7% 1% 1% 17% 151 AT 82% 13% 4% 0% 0% 156 PL 66% 13% 19% 1% 0% 737 PT 82% 16% 2% 0% 0% 245 RO 87% 8% 4% 2% 0% 469 SI 83% 10% 3% 3% 0% 30 SK 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 84 FI 68% 2% 4% 4% 23% 84 SE 73% 4% 1% 1% 21% 85 UK 83% 13% 4% 0% 1% 423 EU 69% 9% 6% 0% 16% 7.866 IS - - - - - 0 NO 70% 6% 17% 0% 7% 54-19 -
Table 11 shows that the great majority of single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU countries occurred when the weather was dry (69%), while the percentage in snow was least (0,4%). Table 12 indicates that in the EU countries, 32% of the fatalities that occurred in snow involved a single vehicle, compared with 28% for rainy weather. 32% of the fatalities that occurred in snow involved a single vehicle in the EU. Table 12: Total number of single vehicle accident fatalities and percentage of all road fatalities by country and weather conditions, 2014 or latest available year dry rain other snow not defined Total BE 33% 46% 0% - 47% 269 BG 41% 25% 48% 43% - 358 CZ 32% 37% 27% 50% - 220 DK 28% 32% 14% - - 52 DE - - 19% - 30% 995 EE 35% 25% 25% - 75% 28 IE - - - - - - EL 38% 39% 71% - - 308 ES 36% 36% 32% 50% 23% 606 FR 36% 34% 48% - 100% 1.231 HR 32% 21% 50% - - 96 IT 28% 27% 33% 50% - 954 CY - - - - - - LV 34% 28% 0% 0% - 68 LT 25% 32% 21% - 67% 70 LU 42% 29% 50% - - 14 HU 20% 20% 27% 0% - 126 MT 56% - 100% - 33% 7 NL 31% 34% 20% 100% 31% 151 AT 35% 42% 50% 0% - 156 PL 24% 21% 21% 32% - 737 PT 39% 34% 60% - - 245 RO 27% 16% 34% 42% - 469 SI 23% 21% 100% 33% - 30 SK - - - - - 84 FI 33% 14% 43% 43% 66% 84 SE 31% 18% 6% 13% 60% 85 UK 22% 26% 26% 0% 22% 423 EU 30% 28% 29% 32% 33% 7.866 IS 0% 0% 0% - 0% 0 NO 43% 14% 16% 0% 27% 54-20 -
Junction Table 13 displays the fatalities in single vehicle accidents by junction. It is noticed that the highest number of fatalities is recorded at no junction areas (corresponding to 90% of the single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU countries). Table 13: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and junction, 2014 or latest available year junction no junction not defined Total The highest number of single vehicle fatalities is recorded at no junction areas. BE 3% 91% 6% 269 BG 2% 98% 0% 358 CZ 8% 92% 0% 220 DK 6% 94% 0% 52 DE 0% 93% 7% 995 EE 18% 82% 0% 28 IE - - - - EL 0% 97% 3% 308 ES 15% 85% 0% 606 FR 6% 94% 0% 1.231 HR 7% 90% 3% 96 IT 8% 92% 0% 954 CY - - - - LV 0% 100% 0% 68 LT 0% 100% 0% 70 LU 21% 79% 0% 14 HU 4% 96% 0% 126 MT 0% 0% 100% 7 NL 11% 89% 0% 151 AT 1% 99% 0% 156 PL 5% 95% 0% 737 PT 9% 90% 1% 245 RO 5% 95% 0% 469 SI 3% 97% 0% 30 SK 0% 0% 100% 84 FI 0% 95% 5% 84 SE 0% 0% 100% 85 UK 22% 78% 0% 423 EU 6% 90% 4% 7.866 IS - - - 0 NO 0% 0% 100% 54 Figure 11 presents the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents at and not at a junction in the EU. 34,6% of the fatalities that occurred at no junction area involved a single vehicle, compared with 12% at a junction. - 21 -
Figure 11: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities by junction, EU, 2014 or latest available year 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% junction no junction not defined Accident Causation During the EC SafetyNet project, in-depth data were collected using a common methodology for samples of accidents that occurred in Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and the UK. The SafetyNet Accident Causation Database was formed between 2005 and 2008, and contains details of 1.006 accidents covering all injury severities. A detailed process for recording causation (SafetyNet Accident Causation System SNACS) attributes one specific critical event to each driver, rider or pedestrian. Links then form chains between the critical event and the causes that led to it. For example, the critical event of late action could be linked to the cause observation missed, which was a consequence of fatigue, itself a consequence of an extensive driving spell. In the database, 26% (263) of the accidents involve just one vehicle (no pedestrian). Male drivers/riders account for 77% of this group and 73% are drivers of passenger cars, 11% are PTW riders and 10% are HGV drivers. Figure 12 compares the distribution of specific critical events for drivers/riders in single vehicle accidents against the distribution in multiple vehicle accidents (no pedestrian accidents). - 22 -
Figure 12: Distribution of specific critical events drivers/riders in single vehicle and multiple vehicle accidents Incorrect direction (includes leaving road) Surplus speed Surplus force (excess acceleration or braking) No action Late action Shortened distance (road user(s)/environment too close) Prolonged action/movement (continued on too long ) Prolonged distance (action/movement taken too far) Premature action (initiated too early) single vehicle acc. drivers/riders n=263 multiple vehicle acc. drivers/riders n=1.356 Insufficient speed Other Source: SafetyNet Accident Causation Database 2005 to 2008 / EC Date of query: 2010 N=1.619 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Proportion of drivers/riders The distributions are very different for all the most often recorded specific critical events. In single vehicle accidents, incorrect direction and surplus speed are dominant, followed by surplus force (excess acceleration or braking). Surplus speed describes speed that is too high for the conditions or manoeuvre being carried out, or travelling above the speed limit. Incorrect direction refers to a manoeuvre being carried out in the wrong direction (for example, turning left instead of right) or leaving the road (not following the intended path of the road). Loss of control type accidents can fall into any of these critical events depending on the specific situation. The timing events (no action, premature action and late action) feature in high numbers for drivers/riders in multiple vehicle accidents as they often refer to interactions between road users (for example, initiating movement at a junction too early) or taking no action in a required time frame in relation to another road user. Table 14 gives the most frequent links between causes for drivers or riders in single vehicle accidents. There are 361 such links in total. - 23 -
10% of the links between causes are observed to be between inadequate plan and under the influence of substances. Table 14: Ten most frequent links between causes drivers/riders in single vehicle accidents Links between causes Frequency Inadequate plan - Under the influence of substances 35 Inadequate plan - Insufficient knowledge 32 Inadequate plan - Psychological stress 24 Information failure (driver/environment or driver/vehicle) State of road 24 Faulty diagnosis - Information failure (driver/environment or driver/vehicle) 21 Observation missed - Fatigue 20 Inadequate plan - Fatigue 16 Observation missed - Distraction 13 Inadequate plan - Distraction 12 Observation missed - Under the influence of substances 11 Others 153 Total 361 Source: SafetyNet Accident Causation Database 2005 to 2008/ EC Date of query: 2010 Inadequate plan is by far the most frequently recorded cause and describes a lack of all the required details or that the driver s/rider s ideas do not correspond to reality. It is linked to impairment (substances, psychological stress and fatigue), insufficient knowledge and distraction. Except for stress, the same links can also be seen for observation missed. State of the road refers to its current road-holding characteristics, and low friction due to ice or oil or dirt is sometimes not obvious, leading to information failure. Faulty diagnosis is an incorrect or incomplete understanding of road conditions or another road user s actions and is linked with information failure (for example, a driver/rider thinking the road was straight, when in fact a bend was approaching). - 24 -
Notes 1. Country abbreviations Belgium BE Italy IT Romania RO Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Slovenia SI Czech Republic CZ Latvia LV Slovakia SK Denmark DK Lithuania LT Finland FI Germany DE Luxembourg LU Sweden SE Estonia EE Hungary HU United Kingdom UK Ireland IE Malta MT Greece EL Netherlands NL Iceland IS Spain ES Austria AT Liechtenstein LI France FR Poland PL Norway NO Croatia HR Portugal PT Switzerland CH 2. Sources: CARE (Community database on road accidents) The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Report is available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/statistics/cadas_glossary.pdf 3. Data available in May 2016. 4. Data refer to 2014 and when not available the latest available data are used (2009 data for BG, 2010 data for MT, and 2013 data for IE, SI and SK). Totals and related average percentages for EU also include latest available data. 5. Data for Ireland, Cyprus are not included in the totals. Lithuanian data are not included in the totals of data comparing the years 2005-2014. 6. At the commenting of the tables and figures, countries with small figures are omitted. 7. This 2016 edition of Traffic Safety Basic Facts updates the previous versions produced within the EU co-funded research projects SafetyNet and DaCoTA. 8. Disclaimer This report has been produced by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) and the European Union Road Federation (ERF) under a contract with the European Commission. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, the Partners cannot accept any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another context. Any information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission s behalf may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein. 9. Please refer to this Report as follows: European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts on Single Vehicle Accidents, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, June 2016. - 25 -
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