Planning Guidelines SMA SMART HOME The System Solution for more Independence

Planning Guidelines SMA SMART HOME The System Solution for more Independence SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 DBEN-PLHoManSI Version 2.0 ENGLISH

Legal Provisions SMA Solar Technology AG Legal Provisions The information contained in these documents is property of SMA Solar Technology AG. Any publication, whether in whole or in part, requires prior written approval by SMA Solar Technology AG. Trademarks All trademarks are recognised, even if not explicitly identified as such. A lack of designation does not mean that a product or symbol is not trademarked. The Bluetooth word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of these marks by SMA Solar Technology AG is under licence. QR Code is a registered trademark of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED. SMA Solar Technology AG Sonnenallee 1 34266 Niestetal, Germany Tel. +49 561 9522-0 Fax +49 561 9522-100 www.sma.dee-mail: info@sma.de 2004 to 2013 SMA Solar Technology AG. All rights reserved. 2 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Information on this Document..................................................... 5 2 PV Self-Consumption and Energy Management...................................... 6 3 Energy Management with SMA Smart Home........................................ 8 3.1 Modular Concept...................................................................... 8 3.2 Basic Solution for Intelligent Energy Management............................................. 8 3.3 Flexible Storage Solution for New and Existing PV Plants...................................... 10 4 Energy Management Systems................................................... 12 4.1 SMA Products for the Selected Energy Management System................................... 12 4.2 PV Inverters.......................................................................... 13 4.3 Energy Measuring Device SMA Energy Meter.............................................. 15 4.4 Material for SMA Energy Meter.......................................................... 16 4.5 Router.............................................................................. 16 5 SMA Flexible Storage System.................................................... 17 5.1 Incentive Programme for Electrical Energy Storage in Germany................................. 17 5.2 Sunny Island Power Control for Buffering................................................... 17 5.3 Batteries Supported by the Sunny Island................................................... 21 5.4 Wiring Overview of the SMA Flexible Storage System with Material List.......................... 22 5.5 Methods of Plant Design of an SMA Flexible Storage System................................... 25 5.5.1 Plant Design using Charts.................................................................25 5.5.2 Plant Design with Sunny Design Web........................................................31 5.5.3 Characteristics of a Real SMA Flexible Storage System..........................................32 6 Frequently Asked Questions..................................................... 33 7 Appendix.................................................................... 36 7.1 Energy Meters with S0 Interface and D0 Interface........................................... 36 7.1.1 Selection of Energy Meters with S0 Interface and D0 Interface....................................36 7.1.2 SMA-Tested Energy Meters with S0 Interface and D0 Interface....................................37 7.1.3 Material for Connecting the Energy Meters with S0 Interface and D0 Interface.......................42 7.2 Notes on Planning of Assembly Locations.................................................. 43 Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 3

SMA Solar Technology AG 1 Information on this Document 1 Information on this Document This document provides support when you are planning an energy management system with the system solution SMA Smart Home. The contents of the following sections build on each other. Section Heading PV Self-Consumption and Energy Management Energy Management with SMA Smart Home Energy Management Systems SMA Flexible Storage System Frequently Asked Questions Appendix This section answers the following questions: When and why is energy management economically effective for increased self-consumption? What are the solutions for increased self-consumption? What product solutions for intelligent energy management are offered by SMA Solar Technology AG in the context of SMA Smart Home? Which SMA products belong to the product solutions offered? What other products are required? What must be considered during plant design of an SMA Flexible Storage System? How does the Sunny Island power control work for buffering of PV energy? Which energy meters with S0 or D0 interface are compatible with the SMA product solutions for energy management? What must be considered when planning the assembly locations? Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 5

2 PV Self-Consumption and Energy Management SMA Solar Technology AG 2 PV Self-Consumption and Energy Management The energy generated by a PV plant flows initially to the active loads within the household grid and is consumed there. This is how self-consumption occurs. Only the excess PV energy flows into the grid. PV self-consumption becomes economically viable as soon as the PV generation costs go below the cost of purchasing power from the grid. PV self-consumption provides the operator of a PV plant with the security of constant energy prices, relieves the load on the grid, and helps to avoid transmission losses. In light of the continuing trend towards lower feed-in compensation, the focus of plant design is increasingly being diverted away from maximising PV generation and towards supplying the loads as fully as possible with self-generated PV energy. Therefore, the self-consumption rate and the technical solutions for effectively increasing this rate are becoming more and more important. The first important prerequisite for effectively increasing the PV self-consumption is the right balance between annual PV generation and annual energy demand: If the annual PV generation is much lower than the annual energy demand, then a significant proportion of the PV energy can be used locally. This even applies when the high points of energy demand and PV generation do not necessarily coincide time-wise. However, to meet demand peaks arising from the electrical loads, additional energy will be required from the grid. If, however, the annual PV generation is much higher than the annual energy demand, then only a small proportion of the PV energy can be used locally. A large share of this energy must be fed into the grid. A second important prerequisite for effectively increasing the PV self-consumption is an appropriate load profile: The distribution schedule of the PV power is given in quite narrow limits by the alignment of the PV array and the weather. For this reason, the load profile determines almost solely how well PV generation and energy demand match each other during the course of the day. Consequently, the load profile has a huge effect on the self-consumption rate - but this is only true if the ratio between generated PV energy and energy demand is well balanced. Parameters of PV Self-Consumption Terms Used PV self-consumption Natural self-consumption Self-consumption rate Explanation in the context of this planning guide PV self-consumption is the consumption of PV energy which takes place at source or in the immediate vicinity of the generating source. Natural self-consumption always occurs when the load in the household and PV generation coincidentally take place in the same time period. Natural self-consumption occurs without conscious management of the loads and it corresponds to the intersecting set of generation profile and natural load profile. A typical four-person household in Germany, with a 5 kwp PV plant, achieves a self-consumption rate of approximately 30% through natural self-consumption. However, this is only a rough approximation due to the dependence of the self-consumption rate on the individual generation profile and the load profile. The orientation of the PV array, the weather, and temporary shading are decisive factors determining the individual generation profile, while individual consumption habits are decisive for the load profile. PV self-consumption is the consumption of PV energy which takes place at source or in the immediate vicinity of the generating source. The self-consumption rate is the portion of generated PV energy that is consumed on-site or in the immediate vicinity: 6 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 2 PV Self-Consumption and Energy Management Terms Used Self-Sufficiency Quota Explanation in the context of this planning guide The self-sufficiency of a system signifies the ability to supply the loads largely without having to purchase from the grid, e.g., by operating a PV plant. The self-sufficiency of a system is higher, the greater the proportion of on-site generated PV energy that is used to meet the energy demand of the loads. This proportion is expressed as the self-sufficiency quota: Increased Self-Consumption Through Intelligent Energy Management If the ratio of PV generation and energy demand remains constant, increased self-consumption is only possible with intelligent energy management. There are two product solutions available in this case: The basic solution for intelligent energy management: Sunny Home Manager Flexible storage solution for new and existing PV plants: SMA Flexible Storage System Sunny Home Manager, the basic solution for intelligent energy management: One form of intelligent energy management is the continuous detection and evaluation of the energy flows by an energy manager. On the basis of the information obtained in this way, the energy manager creates a complete picture of all electrical energy flows in the household and highlights the potential for increased self-consumption. With the Sunny Home Manager, SMA Solar Technology AG provides just such an energy manager. A further form of intelligent energy management is automatic load control. Without any compromises in convenience or security of supply, the operation of energy-intensive loads is thus rescheduled to times with high PV generation. This way, the Sunny Home Manager, in combination with SMA radio-controlled sockets, can increase the self-consumption rate by approximately one third, that is, from 30% to up to 40%. Sunny Home Manager and SMA radio-controlled sockets together form the SMA basic solution for intelligent energy management. SMA Flexible Storage System, the flexible storage solution for new and existing PV plants: With an electrical storage system, you can buffer PV energy. This buffering supplements the automatic load control and also increases the self-consumption rate. Thus, the SMA Flexible Storage System, as a flexible storage solution, can more than double the self-consumption rate, that is, from 30% to up to 65%. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 7

3 Energy Management with SMA Smart Home SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Energy Management with SMA Smart Home 3.1 Modular Concept The SMA Smart Home ensures, with its modular concept, that every plant operator can individually determine the extent of their energy management. This applies for existing and new PV plants with small or large PV power generation capacity. The following modules are available for selection: The basic solution for intelligent energy management: Sunny Home Manager Flexible storage solution for new and existing PV plants: SMA Flexible Storage System 3.2 Basic Solution for Intelligent Energy Management Figure 1: PV plant with Sunny Home Manager (example) Through Sunny Portal, the Sunny Home Manager provides various aids for load control such as current status information, energy balances, forecasts for PV generation, and recommended actions. In addition, the Sunny Home Manager can control loads automatically if these are connected to the Sunny Home Manager by an appropriate communication interface. Sunny Home Manager und SMA radio-controlled sockets together form the core of the SMA basic solution for intelligent energy management and they provide the following functions: Function Creation of a PV yield forecast Explanation The Sunny Home Manager continuously logs the energy generated by the PV plant. It also receives local weather forecasts via the Internet. Based on this information, the Sunny Home Manager creates a PV yield forecast for the PV plant. 8 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Energy Management with SMA Smart Home Function Creation of a load profile The Sunny Home Manager logs the amount of PV energy generated, the feed-in, and the purchased. To record the feed-in and the purchased, SMA Solar Technology AG recommends the measuring device, SMA Energy Meter. The Sunny Home Manager obtains the PV generation data from the connected SMA inverters, from the optionally connected SMA Energy Meter, or from an optionally connected PV production meter. Based on PV yield, feed-in and purchased, the Sunny Home Manager detects how much energy is typically consumed in a household at certain times and uses this to create a load profile of the household. Transmission of data to Sunny Portal Limiting of the active power feed-in Automatic load control using SMA radio-controlled sockets Automatic control of Miele devices using the Miele@home system Explanation * SG-Ready is not available in all countries. The Sunny Portal serves as the user interface of the Sunny Home Manager: The Sunny Home Manager uses a router to establish the Internet connection to the Sunny Portal and sends the data it reads to the Sunny Portal. Using the Sunny Portal, the Sunny Home Manager enables detailed plant monitoring, a display of the PV energy available over the course of the day, and a live display of all energy flows taking place in the household. From this, the Sunny Home Manager derives recommendations for the prudent use of electrical energy and can also take lower prices into consideration. Use of the Sunny Portal is free of charge. The network operator may stipulate the permanent limitation of active power feed-in for your PV plant, i.e. the limitation of the active power fed into the grid to a fixed value or to a percentage of the nominal power of the PV array. If this is the case, contact your network operator. The Sunny Home Manager monitors the active power being fed into the grid. If the active power feed-in exceeds the prescribed limit, the Sunny Home Manager will limit the PV production of the inverters. The Sunny Home Manager prevents yield losses by taking the current self-consumption of the household into account when limiting PV generation. Specific loads connected to SMA radio-controlled sockets can be switched on and off by the Sunny Home Manager. The Sunny Home Manager uses the yield forecast and the load profile to determine favourable times for increasing the self-consumption rate, and thus controls the loads. Also, SMA radio-controlled sockets provide the facility to individually monitor the energy consumption of loads. The Sunny Home Manager can control Smart Grid-ready (SG-Ready) devices from Miele & Cie. KG via a Miele@home Gateway*. Smart Grid-ready devices from Miele are marked with the SG-Ready label. The Sunny Home Manager uses the yield forecast and the load profile to determine favourable times for increasing the self-consumption rate, and thus controls the loads. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 9

3 Energy Management with SMA Smart Home SMA Solar Technology AG 3.3 Flexible Storage Solution for New and Existing PV Plants Figure 2: PV plant with SMA Flexible Storage System (example) The SMA Flexible Storage System is a flexible storage solution to enhance new and existing PV plants in the context of intelligent energy management. With the SMA Flexible Storage System, automatic load control and buffering can be combined. At the core of the SMA Flexible Storage System are the Sunny Island 6.0H for grid-connected applications and the Sunny Home Manager. The Sunny Island can use different battery types with different battery capacities and thus, with regard to plant design, offers great flexibility. The Sunny Island requires an SMA Speedwire data module Sunny Island in order to receive energy meter data via the SMA Energy Meter. 10 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Energy Management with SMA Smart Home Buffering of the PV energy with the Sunny Island The energy generated by a PV plant flows to the active loads within the household grid and is consumed there. The excess PV energy can flow into the grid or be buffered in a battery. Figure 3: Daily profile of a PV plant, power consumption and self-consumption without buffering (example) Based on the feed-in data and purchased data, the Sunny Island battery management regulates charging and discharging of the battery: If excess PV energy is available, it is stored in the battery. If there is not enough PV energy available, the Sunny Island activates battery discharge. This energy is available for the loads on site. Figure 4: Daily profile of a PV plant, power consumption and self-consumption with buffering (example) With the buffering of PV energy, PV energy is always available whenever required, even after sunset. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 11

4 Energy Management Systems SMA Solar Technology AG 4 Energy Management Systems 4.1 SMA Products for the Selected Energy Management System Depending on the energy management system you select, you can use the following SMA products: SMA Products Basic solution for intelligent Flexible storage solution energy management Sunny Home Manager SMA radio-controlled socket One communication interface per PV inverter* : Bluetooth interface integrated in the PV inverter SMA Bluetooth Piggy-Back (Bluetooth Piggy-Back) Speedwire interface integrated in the PV inverter SMA Speedwire/Webconnect Piggy-Back SMA Speedwire/Webconnect data module SMA Energy Meter** Sunny Island 6.0H*** Sunny Remote Control BatFuse B.01 SMA Speedwire data module Sunny Island * To communicate with the Sunny Home Manager, PV inverters need a communication interface: optionally via SMA Bluetooth Wireless Technology (Bluetooth) or SMA Speedwire field bus (Speedwire). ** SMA Solar Technology AG recommends the use of the SMA Energy Meter even if you are using the Sunny Home Manager since the SMA Energy Meter guarantees excellent compatibility with SMA Smart Home and high measurement accuracy. The SMA Energy Meter is available as of July 2013. *** Use of the Sunny Island 6.0H in the SMA Flexible Storage System has to date only been permitted in Germany. Required Not required Optional Sunny Home Manager The Sunny Home Manager is a device for monitoring PV plants and for controlling loads in households with PV plants (see Section 3.2 "Basic Solution for Intelligent Energy Management", page 8). Sunny Portal Sunny Portal is the user interface of the Sunny Home Manager. The Sunny Home Manager sends data to the Sunny Portal, e.g., the read-out data from the energy meter or the PV inverters. The Sunny Home Manager establishes the connection to the Sunny Portal via a router. SMA radio-controlled socket Loads connected to SMA radio-controlled sockets can be switched on and off automatically by the Sunny Home Manager. As an alternative to the SMA radio-controlled sockets, you can take the action recommendations in the Sunny Portal and manually switch the loads on and off and, this way, ensure optimum load timing. 12 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 4 Energy Management Systems Communication interfaces for PV inverters Product Bluetooth Piggy-Back SMA Speedwire/ Webconnect Piggy-Back SMA Speedwire/ Webconnect data module Description The Bluetooth Piggy-Back enables Bluetooth communication between the Sunny Home Manager and PV inverters that do not have their own Bluetooth interface. The SMA Speedwire/Webconnect Piggy-Back is a Speedwire communication interface for PV inverters. The SMA Speedwire/Webconnect Piggy-Back is available as a retrofit kit for the PV inverter. The SMA Speedwire/Webconnect data module is a Speedwire communication interface for PV inverters. The SMA Speedwire/Webconnect data module is available in the inverter or as a pre-installed retrofit kit. SMA Energy Meter The SMA Energy Meter is a measuring device which detects measured values at the connection point and makes them available via Speedwire, e.g., to the Sunny Home Manager. Sunny Island The Sunny Island is a battery inverter and it regulates the energy distribution in the SMA Flexible Storage System. To operate the Sunny Island, you require the following SMA products. Product Sunny Remote Control BatFuse Speedwire Data Module for Sunny Island Description By means of the Sunny Remote Control display, you can configure and control the Sunny Island. The battery fuse box BatFuse B.01 is a fuse switch-disconnector which protects the battery connection cable of the Sunny Island. The BatFuse also enables DC-side disconnection of the Sunny Island. The Speedwire data module for Sunny Island is a Speedwire communication interface for the Sunny Island. If a Speedwire data module is installed in the Sunny Island, the SMA Energy Meter can transmit data to the Sunny Island and the Sunny Home Manager can exchange data with the Sunny Island. 4.2 PV Inverters All the SMA PV inverters listed below can transmit their PV production data directly to the Sunny Home Manager. If these PV inverters are connected to the Sunny Home Manager, you can connect the PV production meter to the Sunny Home Manager at your own discretion. Maximum number of supported devices The Sunny Home Manager supports no more than 16 SMA devices. Of these 16 devices, the Sunny Home Manager supports a maximum of 12 SMA inverters or 10 SMA radio-controlled sockets. Minimum firmware version for the "limiting of the active power feed-in" function The Sunny Home Manager supports the following PV inverters from SMA Solar Technology AG. If the Sunny Home Manager function "limitation of active power feed-in" is to be used, the firmware version specified is the minimum requirement which must be installed on the inverters. If no limitation of active power feed-in is required, these PV inverters can also be operated with older firmware versions. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 13

4 Energy Management Systems SMA Solar Technology AG PV Inverters with Bluetooth Interface Sunny Boy (SB) with integrated Bluetooth interface: SB 3000TL-20 from firmware version 3.01.00.R SB 4000TL-20 / SB 5000TL-20 from firmware version 3.01.02.R SB 3600TL-20 from firmware version 3.25.01.R SB 3000TL-21 / SB 4000TL-21 / SB 5000TL-21/ SB 3600TL-21 from firmware version 2.00.00.R SB 2500TLST-21 / SB 3000TLST-21 from firmware version 2.00.27.R SB 2000HF-30 / SB 2500HF-30 / SB 3000HF-30 from firmware version 2.30.06.R Sunny Tripower (STP) with integrated Bluetooth interface: STP 8000TL-10 / STP 10000TL-10 / STP 12000TL-10 / STP 15000TL-10 / STP 17000TL-10 from firmware version 2.33.02.R STP 15000TLEE-10 / 20000TLEE-10 / STP 15000TLHE-10 / STP 20000TLHE-10 from firmware version 2.10.20.R STP 5000TL-20 / STP 6000TL-20 / STP 7000TL-20 / STP 8000TL-20 / STP 9000TL-20 from firmware version 2.00.15.R PV inverter with Bluetooth Piggy-Back from firmware version 02.00.06.R. Additional information is available at www.sma-solar.com in the following documents: Title Document type Information Bluetooth Piggy-Back Mounting Instructions PV inverters suitable for retrofitting with Bluetooth Piggy-Back Power Reducer Box - Compatibility List Technical Description PV inverters which support the "limitation of active power feed-in" function 14 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 4 Energy Management Systems PV Inverters with Speedwire Interface Sunny Tripower (STP) with integrated Speedwire interface: STP 5000TL-20 / STP 6000TL-20 / STP 7000TL-20 / STP 8000TL-20 / STP 9000TL-20 from firmware version 2.0 Sunny Boy (SB) with Speedwire/Webconnect Piggy-Back SB 1300TBTL-10 / SB 16000TL-10 / SB 2100TL from firmware version 4.3 SB 3300-11 / SB 3800-11 from firmware version 4.02 Sunny Mini Central (SMC) with Speedwire/Webconnect Piggy-Back SMC 6000A-11 Sunny Boy (SB) with SMA Speedwire/Webconnect data module SB 2500TLST-21 / SB 3000TLST-21 from firmware version 2.53 SB 3000TL-21 / SB 3600TL-21 / SB 4000TL-21 / SB 5000TL-21 from firmware version 2.53 Sunny Tripower (STP) with SMA Speedwire/Webconnect data module STP 8000TL-10 / STP 10000TL-10 / STP 12000TL-10 / STP 15000TL-10 / STP 17000TL-10 from firmware version 2.53 STP 15000TLEE-10 / STP 20000TLEE from firmware version 2.53 STP 15000TLHE / STP 20000TLHE from firmware version 2.53 Connecting the PV inverters to the Speedwire communication If communication with the PV inverters is to take place via Speedwire, the inverters must be equipped with a Speedwire interface. The PV inverters should be connected to the Sunny Home Manager via a network cable and network switch or a router with integrated switch. Additional information is available at www.sma-solar.com in the following documents: PV inverter manuals Manual of the SMA Speedwire/Webconnect Piggy-Back / SMA Speedwire/Webconnect data module 4.3 Energy Measuring Device SMA Energy Meter The SMA Energy Meter is a measuring device which detects measured values at the connection point and makes them available via Speedwire. The SMA Energy Meter can detect energy flows in both directions. It can be connected both three-phase and single-phase. SMA Solar Technology AG recommends that you install the SMA Energy Meter in addition to the energy meter of the power supply company because the entire functionality of the SMA Energy Meter has been optimised for use in SMA Smart Home. Type SMA Energy Meter Counting direction PV generation or purchase and feed-in Interface Sunny Home Manager SMA Flexible Storage System Display of meter values in Sunny Portal Automatic load control and active power limitation Power control by the Sunny Island for energy storage Speedwire Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 15

4 Energy Management Systems SMA Solar Technology AG The SMA Energy Meter is not an active electrical energy meter as defined in the EU Directive 2004/22/EG (MID). It must not be used for billing purposes. The SMA Energy Meter is available as of July 2013. Possible alternative: Energy meter with S0 or D0 interface Energy meters with S0 or D0 interface can be used with the Sunny Home Manager. However, these energy meters possibly do not have the required quality and can thus limit the functionality. These limitations especially affect the automatic load control using SMA radio-controlled sockets and the limitation of active power feed-in. In the SMA Flexible Storage System, only energy meters with a D0 interface can be used. Here too, it is possible that the energy meters with D0 interface are not of the required quality and that, in this case, they limit the Sunny Island power control for buffering. Energy meters with S0 interfaces are not compatible with the SMA Flexible Storage System (see Section 7.1 "Energy Meters with S0 Interface and D0 Interface", page 36). 4.4 Material for SMA Energy Meter The SMA Energy Meter and the Sunny Home Manager are connected by a router with integrated switch or a network switch. The SMA Energy Meter must be connected via a network cable either to the network switch or to the router with integrated switch. 4.5 Router The router connects the Sunny Home Manager via the Internet to the Sunny Portal. When using the Sunny Home Manager, SMA Solar Technology AG recommends a permanent Internet connection and the use of a router which supports the dynamic assignment of IP addresses (DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). 16 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System 5 SMA Flexible Storage System 5.1 Incentive Programme for Electrical Energy Storage in Germany In May, 2013, an incentive program was initiated in Germany for electrical energy storage in PV plants which were installed after January 1, 2013. The SMA Flexible Storage System fulfills the technical prerequisites for this incentive program in accordance with the following table. Product Required firmware version Sunny Home Manager from 1.06* Sunny Island from 2.1 PV inverters which are compatible with the Sunny Home Manager function "limitation see Section 4.2, page 13 of active power feed-in" * The firmware version 1.06 with the option of remote control and remote parameterisation will become available in the third quarter of 2013 and will be imported to the Sunny Home Manager automatically by remote update. 5.2 Sunny Island Power Control for Buffering Output of net meter values A net meter value is a total power figure aggregated over all three phases. It does not permit any conclusion to be drawn about the state of each individual phase. The output of net meter values is a prerequisite for the Sunny Island in order to carry out the power control necessary for buffering of PV energy. The SMA Energy Meter can output net values (see Section 4.3 "Energy Measuring Device SMA Energy Meter", page 15). Principle of Power Control State of charge of the battery limits power control Power control for the buffering of PV energy calls for frequent charging and discharging of the battery. This frequent charging and discharging has an effect on the number of charging cycles the battery goes through. Since the number of possible charging cycles of a battery is limited, the Sunny Island specifies a lower charge limit for power control, e.g., for lead acid batteries, 50% of the total battery capacity. Power control for buffering only runs at levels above this charge limit. This reduces the effective cycle load of the battery and the service life is extended. In a three-phase system, the Sunny Island controls the buffering of PV energy over all three phases. The Sunny Island uses the total power values transmitted by the bidirectional meter for feed-in and purchase. In the context of intelligent energy management, the Sunny Island attempts to keep the purchased level stable at 0 kw. When electric power is fed from the PV plant into the grid, the Sunny Island uses this excess power to charge the battery. When electric power is drawn from the grid, the Sunny Island reduces the amount of purchased by using the energy stored in the battery. This principle is explained below by considering three exemplary situations. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 17

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG Situation 1: In the morning. At sunrise, the PV inverter starts feeding power to the grid and after a time reaches a feed-in capacity of 4 kw. The loads are still switched off. The total power at the bidirectional meter for feed-in and purchased is reflected in the following equation: The PV inverter is feeding its total PV power to the grid via phase conductor 1. Power control now intervenes: the Sunny Island uses the PV power of 4 kw to charge the battery. Figure 5: The Sunny Island is charging the battery. The effect of this intervention on total power at the bidirectional meter is shown in the following equation: There is no feed-in. 18 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System Situation 2: At midday. The battery is fully charged. The PV inverter feeds in 4 kw of power. The loads are switched on and are drawing 2 kw of electric power on phase conductor 1, 1 kw on phase conductor 2, and 1 kw on phase conductor 3. The load on phase conductor 1 is using the power generated by the PV inverter directly, so that the inverter is consequently now only feeding 2 kw into the grid. The loads on phase conductor 2 and 3 are drawing their power from the grid. The total power at the bidirectional meter for feed-in and purchased is reflected in the following equation: From a net perspective, there is no feed-in and no purchase of taking place. No intervention by the power control is necessary. The Sunny Island does not intervene and leaves the state of charge of the battery unchanged. Figure 6: The loads are using the total PV power. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 19

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG Situation 3: In the evening. The PV inverter is not feeding in. The loads are switched on and are drawing 2 kw of electric power on phase conductor 1, 1 kw on phase conductor 2, and 1 kw on phase conductor 3. All loads are drawing their power from the grid. The total power at the bidirectional meter for feed-in and purchased is reflected in the following equation: The grid is the sole energy source for the loads supplying them with 4 kw. Power control now intervenes: the Sunny Island uses the buffered energy to supply the loads with 4 kw of power. Figure 7: The Sunny Island is supplying the loads with buffered energy. The effect of this intervention on total power at the bidirectional meter is shown in the following equation: The buffered energy stored by the Sunny Island in the battery is sufficient to supply the loads. Energy is no longer being drawn from the grid. As these situations show, a single-phase Sunny Island system can regulate the buffering of PV energy over all three phases. 20 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System 5.3 Batteries Supported by the Sunny Island Sunny Island supports lead batteries of types FLA and VRLA, and various lithium-ion batteries. Batteries with a capacity of 100 Ah to 10,000 Ah can be connected. In energy management systems, the important thing is the cycle stability. Lithium-ion batteries are especially suited for buffering of PV energy due to their high cycle stability. Lithium-ion batteries must be compatible with the Sunny Island. Lithium-ion batteries from the following manufacturers are compatible with the Sunny Island: Akasol Dispatch Energy Leclanché LG Chem SAFT Samsung Sony The battery management of lithium-ion batteries regulates the operation of the battery. To enable battery management, the lithium-ion battery must be connected to the Sunny Island via an RJ45 data cable. SMA Solar Technology AG has only tested the communication between the Sunny Island and the battery management of compatible lithium-ion batteries. If you require information concerning other technical characteristics of the batteries, please contact the respective manufacturer. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 21

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG 5.4 Wiring Overview of the SMA Flexible Storage System with Material List / Figure 8: System for load control and energy buffering with Speedwire and Bluetooth communication, using lead batteries (example) 22 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System Figure 9: System for load control and intermediate energy storage with Speedwire and Bluetooth communication, using lithium-ion batteries (example) Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 23

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG Material for Wiring the SMA Flexible Storage System You require the following material to connect the SMA Flexible Storage System to the grid: Material Number of units Description Miniature circuit-breaker for 1 32 A, C rating, 1-pole protection of the Sunny Island Residual-current device 1 40 A/0.03 A, 1-pole + N, Type A Wiring Diagram A wiring diagram will be supplied with the delivery of every Sunny Island 6.0H system to enable increased self-consumption. 24 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System 5.5 Methods of Plant Design of an SMA Flexible Storage System 5.5.1 Plant Design Using Charts The design serves as an orientation and a starting point for in-depth plant planning. The considerations on plant planning put forward in this section refer exclusively to the buffering of PV energy. In order to carry out plant design by means of these charts, the following starting parameters must be known: Nominal power of the PV array Useable battery capacity Annual energy requirement of the loads Charts for Plant Design Figure 10: Estimation of the self-consumption rate Figure 11: Estimation of the self-sufficiency quota Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 25

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG Step 1: Estimating the Self-Consumption Rate for Energy Management Without Buffering To design an SMA Flexible Storage System, you estimate in the first step the possible self-consumption rate for energy management without buffering. The self-consumption rate for energy management without buffering always takes into account the natural self-consumption attainable in one year which is dependent on the annual energy demand and on the nominal plant power of the PV array. Increased self-consumption through automatic load control also influences the self-consumption rate for energy management without buffering. Example: Input data: Nominal power of the PV array: 5,000 Wp Annual energy requirement: 5,000 kwh Useable battery capacity: 0, as in Step 1 the self-consumption rate is estimated without buffering. Transfer the calculated values to the chart to estimate the self-consumption rate. Figure 12: Estimation of the self-consumption rate without buffering The estimate reveals that, with energy management without buffering, the on-site loads use 30% of the generated PV energy. 26 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System Step 2: Estimating the Self-Consumption Rate for Energy Management with Buffering With the SMA Flexible Storage System, you can influence the self-consumption rate by changing the battery capacity. Here, you must bear in mind that buffering of the PV energy requires frequent charging and discharging of the battery. This frequent charging and discharging quickly raises the number of charging cycles the battery goes through. The maximum number of charging cycles of a battery is limited and depends on the used battery capacity. Once the maximum number of charging cycles has been reached, the battery normally fails. To prevent premature failure of the battery, the Sunny Island only uses a fixed portion of the total battery capacity for buffering. This fixed portion will be referred to in the following as useable battery capacity, and can be configured in the Sunny Island. For lead batteries, the useable battery capacity is approximately 50% of the total battery capacity, and for lithium-ion batteries it is approximately 80%. For detailed information on the useable battery capacity and the possible charging cycles, contact the battery manufacturer. Example: Input data: Nominal plant power: 5,000 Wp Annual energy requirement: 5,000 kwh Total battery capacity: 10,000 Wh, of which, the Sunny Island uses 50% for buffering of PV energy. Hence the useable battery capacity amounts to 5,000 Wh. Transfer the calculated values to the chart to estimate the self-consumption rate. Figure 13: Estimation of the self-consumption rate with buffering The estimate reveals that the self-consumption rate, with energy management with buffering, is approximately 60%. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 27

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG Step 3: Calculating the Increase in Self-Consumption Through Buffering of the PV Energy Example: Input data: Self-consumption rate with energy management without buffering: 30% Self-consumption rate with energy management with buffering: 60% In this example, the self-consumption rate has been increased by 30 percentage points due to buffering of energy. Step 4: Estimating the Battery Service Life Taking the guaranteed 20-year period for PV feed-in tariff as a basis, the battery will need to be replaced at least once due to its calendar life expectancy. To make the most efficient use of the battery, we therefore recommend replacement after approximately ten years. The first step in sizing the battery consists of establishing the number of annual nominal energy throughputs. In one battery cycle, the battery is fully discharged and then charged again to 100%. The number of annual battery cycles can be calculated as follows: You can calculate the battery life from the total number of 100% nominal energy throughputs specified by the battery manufacturer: Example: Input data: Generated PV energy: 4,500 kwh (assumed value for a PV plant in central Germany with nominal power of the PV array 5,000 Wp) Increased self-consumption (step 3): 30% Total battery capacity: 10 kwh Total number of 100% nominal energy throughputs: 1,200 (lead battery, OPzV, from the datasheet of a battery manufacturer) Influence of battery capacity on battery life To increase an inadequate battery life, you can select a larger battery capacity. Changing the battery capacity also results in a change in increased self-consumption. Repeat current plant design from step 2. 28 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System Step 5: Estimating the Self-Sufficiency Quota for Energy Management Without Buffering Example: Input data: Nominal plant power: 5,000 Wp Annual energy requirement: 5,000 kwh Useable battery capacity: 0, as in step 5 the self-sufficiency quota for energy management without buffering is estimated. Transfer the calculated values to the chart to estimate the self-sufficiency quota. Figure 14: Estimation of the self-sufficiency quota without buffering The estimate reveals that with energy management without buffering, a self-sufficiency rate of approximately 28% is achieved. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 29

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG Step 6: Estimating the Self-Sufficiency Quota for Energy Management with Buffering Example: Input data: Nominal plant power: 5,000 Wp Annual energy requirement: 5,000 kwh Total battery capacity: 10,000 Wh, of which, the Sunny Island uses 50% for buffering of the PV energy. Hence the useable battery capacity amounts to 5,000 Wh. Transfer the calculated values to the chart to estimate the self-sufficiency quota. Figure 15: Estimation of the self-sufficiency quota with buffering The estimate reveals that the self-sufficiency quota, with energy management with buffering, is approximately 52%. 30 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 5 SMA Flexible Storage System 5.5.2 Plant Design with Sunny Design Web Figure 16: Example of plant design with Sunny Design Web based on an estimate of self-consumption Sunny Design Web is a software for planning and designing PV plants. Sunny Design will provide a recommendation for a possible design option for your PV plant, including an estimate of the self-consumption rate and the self-sufficiency quota achievable by buffering PV energy (see design software "Sunny Design Web" at www.sunnydesignweb.com). Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 31

5 SMA Flexible Storage System SMA Solar Technology AG 5.5.3 Characteristics of a Real SMA Flexible Storage System Characteristics of a real SMA Flexible Storage System after one year of data monitoring: Nominal power of the PV array: 3.24 kwp Annual energy requirement: approximately 4,200 kwh Useable battery capacity: 3.5 kwh Figure 17: Percentage of self-consumption of PV energy in a real Sunny Island system Figure 18: Absolute values for feed-in and self-consumption of a real Sunny Island system 32 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 6 Frequently Asked Questions 6 Frequently Asked Questions Can existing PV plants be retrofitted with the Sunny Home Manager or the SMA Flexible Storage System? Yes. New and existing PV plants can be retrofitted with the Sunny Home Manager or the SMA Flexible Storage System. However, the incentive program for electrical energy storage in PV plants applies exclusively to PV plants that have been installed in Germany from January 1, 2013 (see Section 5.1 "Incentive Programme for Electrical Energy Storage in Germany", page 17). Do any limitations apply to the PV plant when using the SMA Flexible Storage System? No. The SMA Flexible Storage System is technically independent of the nominal power of the PV array in the plant. Whether the buffering of PV energy on site makes economic sense will need to be evaluated in each individual case. Use Sunny Design Web to design and evaluate an SMA Flexible Storage System (for Sunny Design, see www.sma-solar.com). or Use the method described in this document to design and evaluate an SMA Flexible Storage System (see Section 5.5.1 "Plant Design using Charts", page 25). Can PV inverters from other manufacturers be installed together with a Sunny Island? If you want to retrofit an existing PV plant with the Sunny Island for buffering of PV energy, but do not require active power limitation, you can use PV inverters from any manufacturer. Active power limitation may be stipulated by the network operator or may bring financial rewards due to local legislation (e.g., the PV storage incentive programme in Germany). Which batteries can be used? Sunny Island supports all lead batteries of types FLA and VRLA, and various lithium-ion batteries. The crucial factor for energy buffering systems is the cycle stability of the battery (see Section 5.3 "Batteries Supported by the Sunny Island", page 21). What battery capacities are permitted for the Sunny Island? The battery capacity can be freely selected within a wide range. Batteries with a capacity of 100 Ah to 10,000 Ah can be connected to a Sunny Island. This corresponds to a maximum storage capacity of 480 kwh if a battery with 48 V and 10,000 Ah is used. Is it possible, in addition to the PV plant, to connect other AC sources to the SMA Flexible Storage System? You can also connect other AC sources to a Sunny Island, e.g., a CHP plant. However, with the use of the Sunny Island 6.0H within the SMA Flexible Storage System, you should note the following: The Sunny Home Manager does not support wind power inverters or CHP plants The Sunny Home Manager only supports PV inverters. If your Sunny Island combines various AC sources (e.g., a PV plant and a small wind turbine system), the Sunny Home Manager will only be able to detect the PV inverters and limit their power. In the Sunny Home Manager plant, no wind power inverters or CHP plants will be displayed in Sunny Portal. Since the data from wind power inverters or CHP plants cannot be taken into account by the Sunny Home Manager, the data calculated in Sunny Portal and the displayed charts may be inaccurate. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 33

6 Frequently Asked Questions SMA Solar Technology AG Is it possible to connect a single-phase system for energy buffering to a three-phase PV inverter? Yes. Single-phase systems for energy buffering can be connected to three-phase PV inverters. Note here: With single-phase systems for buffering with three-phase PV inverters, retrofitting of the backup power function is not possible. What happens if there is a power cut? The Sunny Island disconnects from the grid. In this case, the Sunny Island reacts just like a PV inverter. Will I receive information on the Sunny Island in Sunny Portal? Yes, providing that the Sunny Island is connected to a communication device, e.g., the Sunny Home Manager. If this is the case, you will, for instance, be able to view charts on the state of charge/discharge of the battery or information on the current self-consumption rate via Sunny Portal.. What is the output power of the Sunny Island? The output power of the Sunny Island 6.0H is 6 kw for 30 minutes. For buffering of PV energy, the output power of the Sunny Island is limited to 4.6 kw due to the standard requirements. Is it possible for two Sunny Islands to feed in via a single phase? No. Only one Sunny Island can feed in per phase conductor. How much maintenance work does the system involve? The Sunny Island is largely maintenance-free (see operating manual of the Sunny Island). Information on battery maintenance can be obtained from the battery manufacturer. 34 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines

SMA Solar Technology AG 6 Frequently Asked Questions Can I use a Sunny Island exclusively for buffering of PV energy? If no automatic load control and no limitation of the active power feed-in are required, you can equip a PV plant solely with a Sunny Island and do without a Sunny Home Manager. With this option however, you implement only the buffering of PV energy. The Sunny Island receives no data regarding the PV generation. This means that the Sunny Island cannot display some of its parameters, e.g., the increased self-consumption values. Figure 19: PV plant with Sunny Island and SMA Energy Meter (example) For a Sunny Island storage system, the following SMA products are required: Sunny Island 6.0H SMA Speedwire data module Sunny Island SMA Energy Meter Sunny Remote Control BatFuse B.01 In a Sunny Island storage system, the SMA Energy Meter must be connected directly to the Sunny Island via a network cable. Energy meters with S0 interfaces are not compatible with the Sunny Island storage system. Planning Guidelines SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 35

7 Appendix SMA Solar Technology AG 7 Appendix 7.1 Energy Meters with S0 Interface and D0 Interface 7.1.1 Selection of Energy Meters with S0 Interface and D0 Interface To record feed-in and purchased, the Sunny Home Manager can use two meter combinations: One feed-in meter and one purchased meter (a unidirectional meter in each case). or One bidirectional meter for feed-in and purchase of The Sunny Home Manager obtains the PV production data from the connected SMA inverters or from an optionally connected PV production meter. Design and Counting Direction In an energy management system, unidirectional and bidirectional meters are used in different ways: An energy meter designed as a unidirectional meter can record either the PV yield, the feed-in or the purchased. An energy meter designed as a bidirectional meter can record both feed-in and purchased. Transmission Behaviour and Accuracy The suitability of an energy meter for use in an energy management system depends essentially on the transmission behaviour and the accuracy of its data interface. Energy meters with S0 interface: Energy meters with S0 interface in accordance with DIN EN 62053-31 Class A transmit the measured energy on the basis of counting pulses. The energy meters transmit between 250 and 5,000 pulses per measured kilowatt hour, and this rate determines how up-to-date the displayed energy values are. The higher the pulse rate, the better suited the energy meter. No compatibility with the SMA Flexible Storage System Energy meters with S0 interface can only be used with the Sunny Home Manager. These energy meters are not compatible with the SMA Flexible Storage System. To connect an energy meter with S0 interface to the Sunny Home Manager, you will need a four-pole plug and a connection cable (see Section "Material for Energy Meter with S0 Interface", page 42). Output of net values at the S0 interface The energy meters used with the Sunny Home Manager with S0 interface must output net values at the S0 interface. A net value is the total power aggregated over all three phase conductors. It does not permit any conclusion to be drawn about the state of each individual phase. If necessary, contact the manufacturer of the energy meter to clarify whether your meter outputs net values. Energy meters with S0 interface must meet the following requirements: Bidirectional meters with S0 interface must be equipped with two S0 interfaces. The pulse length of energy meters with S0 interface must be at least 20 ms and the pulse rate approximately 1,000 pulses per kwh. To comply with the Sunny Home Manager's "limitation of active power feed-in" function, the pulse rate of energy meters with S0 interface must be at least: At a maximum permitted feed-in of more than 1,500 W: at least 250 pulses per kwh At a maximum permitted feed-in of less than 1,500 W: at least 500 pulses per kwh 36 SI-HoMan-PL-en-20 Planning Guidelines