Congestion Charging in London - PDF Free Download

Central London Congestion Charging Scheme Congestion Charging in London Steve Kearns Transport for London

First a qualification! Former Mayor Ken Livingstone (2000 2008) New Mayor Boris Johnson (3 May 2008 - )

Contents 1. The Central London Scheme 2. Traffic Management 3. Scheme Operation 4. Scheme Impact 5. Future plans 6. Lessons learnt

London s transport problems

Westminster Bridge End of 19 th Century

The Central London Scheme Political change in Britain from 1997 40% of England s congestion is in London Central London was the most congested area with average all day speeds of less than 9mph Despite 85% public transport usage, vehicular traffic was still a major problem in Central London The congestion persisted throughout the day it was not a peak commuter problem

Where is the Congestion Charging zone? Central London only

Congestion Charging Traffic Management

Extra bus capacity in the AM peak hour: 2003 scheme +2050 +3130 +1150 +2180 +2660 Total extra capacity: 11,170 spaces. Total forecast extra demand: 7175

Congestion Charging Operation

Key Exemptions and Discounts Motorbikes / mopeds Military vehicles Emergency services Taxis and licensed minicabs Disabled persons Buses, coaches and minibuses Certain alternative fuel vehicles Breakdown and recovery vehicles Certain health service workers 90% discount for residents of zone

Payment channels 5% <1% 14% 29% Retail Outlets Internet Mobile Phone Text Call Centre Call Centre IVR Post 22% Total payments 160,000 / day 120,000 @ 8 20,000 discounted payments 20,000 Fleet Accounts @ 7 29%

Charge payment Daily, weekly, monthly or annual payment, for individual vehicle registration number T 123 ABC Flat charge of 8 per day (was 5 up to 4 July 2005) Monday - Friday 7am - 6pm (was 07.00-18.30 up to 19 February 2007) Can now pay next day at a rate of 10 Fine : 120 for non-payment

Camera enforcement

Camera Enforcement

Impacts of Scheme

Impacts Congestion in charging zone down on average 21% since 2003 Traffic entering charging zone reduced by 21% - with cars down 36% Bus patronage up, reliability and journey time improved Little or no change in number of trips to central area: 50 60% moved to public transport

Traffic entering the central London charging zone During charging hours (0700-1830) Total flow 200,000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000-36% -13% -13% +13% +25% 0% Spring 2002 Autumn 2002 January 2003 Feb/Mar 2003 Spring 2003 Autumn 2003 Spring 2004 Autumn 2004 March 2005 Spring 2005 Autumn 2005 November 2005 Spring 2006 Autumn 2006 +49% 0 Cars and minicabs Vans Lorries and others Taxis Buses and coaches Powered twowheelers Pedal cycles

Christmas Free days Dec 04 Benefits all Londoners and Out of Towners

Pay Next Day customer research showed 83% forgetting to pay the charge was the main reason for a Penalty Charge-June 06 Benefits all drivers Has resulted in 14% reduction in Penalty Charge Notices

Shopping List Myth busting: explains that net revenues are generated and how the money is allocated

Influences on business performance 3% 4% 15% 12% 46% Economic factors Tourism factors Company factors Seasonal factors Congestion charge Central Line Other 10% 10% Source: TfL Telephone Business Survey, Autumn 2003

Environmental Impacts Reduced emissions in the zone: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) down 16% - 12 % due to CC, rest due to engine improvements Particulate matter (PM10) down 15% - 12% due to CC, rest due to engine improvements Carbon Dioxide (CO2) down 19% Accidents in the zone: Between 40-70 additional fewer accidents per year compared to background trend

Public Support for Congestion Charging Support for Congestion Charging 70 Go-Live 60 50 40 30 Support Neither Oppose 20 10 0 Jun-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03 Sep-03 Dec-03 Mar-04 Jun-04 Sep-04 Dec-04 Mar-05 Jun-05 Sep-05 Dec-05 Mar-06 Jun-06 Sep-06 Dec-06 percent

Western Extension

The Western Extension

Western Extension

Measured travel rates (mins/km) (Spring 2003 Surveys)

Extra bus capacity in the AM peak hour: 2007 scheme Total demand: +3700 Total capacity: +4800

Imperial Wharf Station

WEZ impacts early indications Early impacts in accord with TfL forecasts No indications of traffic or other problems Traffic entering WEZ down 13% Traffic on boundary route little overall change Traffic in central zone little overall change Evidence of increases in average speeds Emerging patterns are logically consistent But full understanding will take several months Initial summary (after 3 months of operation) published in TfL s 5 th Annual Monitoring Report June 2007

Greater London Low Emission Zone

Air Quality in London Air pollution is a serious problem in London - 1,000 premature deaths per year - 1,000 hospital admissions per year Affects most vulnerable parts of society Majority of Londoners concerned about poor air quality and want to see it improved Particular problems with emissions of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) Worse in central London, main roads, Heathrow Road traffic major source of emissions Trucks, buses, and coaches largest individual emitters

LEZ boundary

Comparison of sizes of Low Emission Zone and Congestion Charging Zone

Definitions and standards Vehicle type and definitions Heavier lorries - Goods vehicles exceeding 12t Lighter lorries - Goods vehicles between 3.5 and 12t Date of LEZ scheme implementation Feb 2008 Jan 2012 Jul 2008 Jan 2012 Emission standard (for PM) required to drive in the LEZ at no charge Euro III Euro IV Euro III Euro IV Buses and coaches - Passenger vehicles with more than eight seats plus the driver s seat and exceeding 5t Jul 2008 Jan 2012 Euro III Euro IV Heavier vans - Goods vehicles between 1.205 tonnes (unladen) and 3.5t Oct 2010 Euro III Minibuses - Passenger vehicles with more than eight seats plus the driver s seat below 5t Oct 2010 Euro III

How will LEZ operate There will be signs at entry points and in the zone Most will avoid paying the charge by driving a compliant vehicle Vehicles subject to the LEZ detected using fixed and mobile cameras TfL checks vehicle registration against a register of compliant vehicles Non compliant vehicles have to pay a daily charge 200 per day for HGV, buses and coaches 100 per day for vans and minibuses Charging day midnight to midnight, 365 days a year Payment can be made by phone or internet, up to midnight on the next working day after entering the zone

Enforcement of the LEZ Vehicles which are non compliant, or which are not on the register will be sent a Penalty Charge Notice: 1,000 (reduced to 500 if paid within 14 days) for HGVs, buses & coaches (subject to LEZ in 2008) 500 (reduced to 250 if paid within 14 days) for heavier LGVs & minibuses (subject to LEZ in 2010) Our agent, EPC, has agreements with vehicle registration authorities in a number of European countries to obtain vehicle and keeper information The first time vehicles are observed in the zone they will be sent a warning letter, giving them the opportunity to register

Technology Trials

Technology Trials Testing Improved ANPR GNSS / GPS (satellite positioning) problems with shadowing GSM (mobile phone) Value Added Services DSRC (tag and beacon)

Location of DSRC Mini-Zone Trial

Trials summary tag & beacon Stage 2 testing system of Urban Charge Points (UCPs) integrating cameras/anpr with DSRC

DSRC Infrastructure - Stockholm

DSRC charge point - Singapore

DSRC Infrastructure from Stockholm superimposed on a London street

Tooley Street - Current Design

Technology Trials Borough High Street

DSRC equipment with shorter arm

Trials Results and Conclusions Very high DSRC capture rate 99.95% Mobile phone technology useful for Value Added Services GPS coverage with GALILEO will significantly enhance coverage of Central London GPS satellite system feasible in medium term future - (possibly 2015 onwards) DSRC favoured form of technology for short term migration - (possibly 2009/2010) Urban streetscape issues associated with DSRC need to be addressed Copyright Transport for London 2007

Key lessons learnt Political commitment of Mayor Extensive public consultation Adequate public transport alternatives Effective traffic management outside CC area Use of proven technology It works and has public support Need for ongoing monitoring Possible integration into national scheme