Momentum Dynamics High Power Inductive Charging for Multiple Vehicle Applications

Momentum Dynamics High Power Inductive Charging for Multiple Vehicle Applications

About Momentum Dynamics Momentum Dynamics is a US-based corporation. We ve been developing high-power inductive charging systems for vehicles since 2009. Our technology can provide up to from 10 to 200 kilowatts (kw) of power with an affordable and easy to install technology. Our systems are now being installed in EV buses for key projects. We are promoting inductive OPPPORTUNITY CHARGING. What are the main benefits of Inductive Charging? à Driving Range Extension à Extended Battery Lifetimes

What is Wireless Power? Wireless power uses induc8on, or a magne8c field, to transmit electricity across an air gap of up to 12 It is completely safe It can transmit electricity through water, tree branches, gravel, ice and snow Induc8on has been around for over a century and is rou8nely used in many residen8al and industrial devices. Air Gap Nicola Tesla sketch from 100 years ago Power Receiver Power Transmi0er 2009-2015 Momentum Dynamics Corpora7on. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respec7ve owners.

Momentum Wireless Systems have been operating since 2010 at power levels above 15 kw for passenger vehicles. Current systems can operate at 50 kw for passenger vehicles and lift trucks, and 200 kw for larger vehicles.

Power Transmitter. Can be above grade as shown here, or embedded in pavement (for bus applications).

Power Receiver. Modular receivers mounted to underside of vehicle. They convert magnetic energy to electrical energy without using a cable connection to the bus.

2009-2016 Momentum Dynamics Corpora7on. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respec7ve owners. Passenger Vehicle Pilot Installa8on for a Major Automo8ve Manufacturer (25 kw)

Let s Dispel some Misconceptions You can charge just as fast or faster with inductive chargers. Power transfer efficiencies are essentially the same as plug-in chargers 90% or more. The cost of inductive chargers will be the same of less than plug-in chargers. The total lifecycle cost will be lower then plug-in chargers. There are no safety issues with inductive chargers.

Some Facts and Predictions 1/10 of 1% of all cars today are electric. This is not indicative of the future. We are going to see an S-curve adoption pattern with increased production, lower vehicle costs, and more charging infrastructure Goldman Sachs predicts 25% market penetration by 2025. Bloomberg predicts 50% by 2040. And this is just cars.

S-Curves we ve Seen Before

S-Curves we Should see for EVs

Why Charging Infrastructure Matters The presumption that everyone will charge at night ( offpeak ) cannot meet the fueling needs of this many vehicles. The idea that all cars will charge in home garages misses the reality that most Americans DO NOT have access to a home garage. And even if they did, residential street utility infrastructure cannot handle this new load. And around the world the situation is worse. This is good! It favors FAST public charging.

Commercial Fleets as Precursors to EV Cars Material Handling Equipment (MHE) and Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Low Speed Vehicles Commercial Electric Vehicles (class 1-6) BEV and EREV Support for heavier class hybrids Electric Buses (BEV and EREV) 2009-2015 Momentum Dynamics Corpora7on. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respec7ve owners.

What Vehicles Types need to be Charged? Its NOT just about cars they will come last. Before cars there will be: Electric buses EV Ground Support Equipment at airports Port facility drayage vehicles Industrial vehicles lift trucks Low speed vehicles Autonomous vehicles All of these vehicles benefit from automatic all weather charging. They have demanding duty cycles. Inductive charging is the only solution for many of them!

Momentum s Business Approach: One modular scalable technology that can be easily adapted to each of these vertical markets. High power! (= fast charging). Meet all FCC and other regulatory requirements. Define the international standard. Remote data connectivity of all chargers. All systems can scale to future dynamic charging of moving vehicles. We are working with OEMs NOW to prepare for next gen vehicle designs.

How does this impact the fundamental design of batteries, ESS and xev s in the future? Batteries need to be capable of high charge rates BMS open architecture or a standard interface specification will accelerate development We are working with distributed storage systems now with co-located batteries (Interested? Talk to us.) Chargers are not accessories anymore they are part of an integrated system. Improved and greater availability of charging systems will promote the growth of the EV market And sell more batteries.

Example: The Effect of On Route Charging on Battery State of Charge (EV Bus) Avg kwh per Mile Starting kwh Energy Added per Minute 2.25 350.00 3.3 Depot Charge Only Effect of Opportunity Charging Loop Depot to Transit Plaza Miles Energy Used (kwh) Energy Remaining (kwh) SOC Charging Time at Plaza (Minutes) Energy Added (kwh) Revised Energy Remaining (kwh) 2.00 4.50 345.50 99% 5 0.0 350.00 100% 1 9.00 20.25 325.25 93% 5 0.0 329.75 94% 2 9.00 20.25 305.00 87% 5 0.0 309.50 88% 3 9.00 20.25 284.75 81% 5 0.0 289.25 83% 4 9.00 20.25 264.50 76% 5 0.0 269.00 77% 5 9.00 20.25 244.25 70% 5 16.5 265.25 76% 6 9.00 20.25 224.00 64% 5 16.5 261.50 75% 7 9.00 20.25 203.75 58% 5 16.5 257.75 74% 8 9.00 20.25 183.50 52% 10 33.0 270.50 77% 9 9.00 20.25 163.25 47% 5 16.5 266.75 76% 10 9.00 20.25 143.00 41% 5 16.5 263.00 75% 11 9.00 20.25 122.75 35% 5 16.5 259.25 74% 12 9.00 20.25 102.50 29% 5 16.5 255.50 73% 13 9.00 20.25 82.25 24% 10 33.0 268.25 77% 14 9.00 20.25 62.00 18% 5 16.5 264.50 76% 15 9.00 20.25 41.75 12% 5 16.5 260.75 75% Transit Plaza to Depot 2.00 4.50 37.25 11% 5 16.5 272.75 78% 139.00 312.75 SOC Assumes no charging above 80% Opportunity Charging

Example: The Effect of On Route Charging on Battery State of Charge (EV Bus) With Opportunity Charging, the bus can continue indefinitely and return to Depot with high SOC Return to Depot State of Charge (SOC) Ideal mid-soc charging range Plug-In once at garage at night Opportunity charging Return to Depot Number of Charging Events used in Opportunity Charging

How does Opportunity Charging Influence the Future of Battery Technology? It enables the more rapid growth of electric vehicles in each and all of the vertical markets. It demands batteries that are designed to charge at high rates. BMS design should be coordinated with inductive charging technology developers to assure easier and more reliable vehicle integration. Battery system sales need to be carefully coordinated with charging system sales to assure best outcomes for consumers. à Battery Type, Size, and Vehicle Configuration

Thank you For more informa8on contact: Sco0 Carroll, VP Business Development Sco0.Carroll@MomentumDynamics.com 2009-2015 Momentum Dynamics Corpora7on. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respec7ve owners.