Performance Measure Summary - Omaha NE-IA There are several inventory and performance measures listed in the pages of this Urban Area Report for the years from 1982 to 2014. There is no single performance measure that experts agree says it all. A few key points should be recognized by users of the Urban Mobility Scorecard data. Use the trends The multi-year performance measures are better indicators, in most cases, than any single year. Examining a few measures over many years reduces the chance that data variations or the estimating procedures may have caused a "spike" in any single year. (5 years is 5 times better than 1 year.) Use several measures Each performance measure illustrates a different element of congestion. (The view is more interesting from atop several measures.) Compare to similar regions Congestion analyses that compare areas with similar characteristics (for example, population, growth rate, road and public transportation system design) are usually more insightful than comparisons of different regions. (Los Angeles is not Peoria.) Compare ranking changes and performance measure values In some performance measures a small change in the value may cause a significant change in rank from one year to the next. This is the case when there are several regions with nearly the same value. (15 hours is only 1 hour more than 14 hours.) Consider the scope of improvement options Any improvement project in a corridor within most of the regions will only have a modest effect on the regional congestion level. (To have an effect on areawide congestion, there must be significant change in the system or service.) Performance Measures and Definition of Terms Travel Time Index A measure of congestion that focuses on each trip and each mile of travel. It is calculated as the ratio of travel time in the peak period to travel time in free-flow. A value of 1.30 indicates that a 20-minute free-flow trip takes 26 minutes in the peak. Planning Time Index A travel time reliability measure that represents the total travel time that should be planned for a trip. Computed with the 95th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that should be planned for a commute trip to be late for only 1 day a month. If it is computed with the 80th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that should be planned for a trip to be late for only 1 day a week. A PTI of 2.00 means that for a 20-minute trip in light traffic, 40 minutes should be planned. Peak Commuters Number of travelers who begin a trip during the morning or evening peak travel periods (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). "Commuters" are private vehicle users unless specifically noted. per Commuter A yearly sum of all the per-trip delays for those persons who travel in the peak period (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). This measure illustrates the effect of traffic slowdowns as well as the length of each trip. Total Delay The overall size of the congestion problem. Measured by the total travel time above that needed to complete a trip at free-flow speeds. The ranking of total delay usually follows the population ranking (larger regions usually have more delay). Free-Flow Speeds These values are derived from overnight speeds in the INRIX speed database. They are used as the national comparison thresholds. Other speed thresholds may be appropriate for urban project evaluations or sub-region studies. Excess Fuel Consumed Increased fuel consumption due to travel in congested conditions rather than freeflow conditions. Congestion Cost Value of travel delay for 2014 (estimated at $17.67 per hour of person travel and $94.04 per hour of truck time) and excess fuel consumption estimated using state average cost per gallon. Urban Area The developed area (population density more than 1,000 persons per square mile) within a metropolitan region. The urban area boundaries change frequently (every year for most growing areas), so increases include both new growth and development that was previously in areas designated as rural. Number of Rush Hours Time when the road system might have congestion.
Inventory Measures 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Population (1000s) 770 755 740 730 720 Rank 56 56 57 58 58 Commuters (1000s) 396 396 388 382 375 Freeway 5,369 5,182 5,070 5,119 4,971 Arterial Streets 5,978 5,954 6,010 6,725 6,663 Value of Time ($/hour) 17.67 17.39 17.14 16.79 16.30 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 94.04 89.60 89.56 86.81 88.12 Gasoline ($/gallon) 3.35 3.50 3.47 3.44 2.74 Diesel ($/gallon) 3.55 3.81 3.88 3.64 2.92 System Performance 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) 14 -- -- -- -- Congested System (% of lane-miles) 11 -- -- -- -- Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") 1.00 -- -- -- -- Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 9,535 9,479 9,423 8,844 8,757 Rank 59 59 59 61 61 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 17 16 16 15 15 Rank 70 71 69 74 71 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 18,224 18,118 18,011 16,904 16,737 Rank 64 64 63 64 64 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 32 32 32 31 31 Rank 83 83 80 83 82 Travel Time Index 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 Rank 65 63 63 61 57 Commuter Stress Index 1.20 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.20 Rank 57 52 52 53 53 Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) 1.65 -- -- -- -- Rank 90 -- -- -- -- Total Cost ($ millions) 407 411 415 397 406 Rank 65 64 64 68 67 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 707 714 721 690 705 Rank 84 83 80 85 86
Inventory Measures 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Population (1000s) 710 705 695 685 675 Rank 59 59 59 58 59 Commuters (1000s) 369 365 358 351 343 Freeway 4,475 4,260 4,340 4,300 3,900 Arterial Streets 6,950 7,235 7,025 7,110 6,705 Value of Time ($/hour) 16.01 16.10 15.47 15.06 14.58 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 89.75 81.52 82.56 80.43 78.05 Gasoline ($/gallon) 2.28 3.42 3.04 2.65 2.32 Diesel ($/gallon) 2.47 4.07 3.40 2.90 2.48 System Performance 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 8,511 8,628 7,924 7,813 7,506 Rank 61 62 66 65 64 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 15 15 14 14 13 Rank 68 74 78 77 79 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 16,267 16,491 15,146 14,932 14,347 Rank 64 65 67 67 64 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 31 31 29 29 29 Rank 81 83 87 87 87 Travel Time Index 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15 Rank 56 68 76 76 72 Commuter Stress Index 1.20 1.20 1.19 1.19 1.19 Rank 52 57 63 59 58 Total Cost ($ millions) 401 405 386 391 388 Rank 67 68 71 69 69 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 697 704 671 680 675 Rank 86 86 89 89 88
Inventory Measures 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Population (1000s) 665 655 645 635 620 Rank 60 60 60 60 60 Commuters (1000s) 336 329 321 311 300 Freeway 3,750 3,600 3,635 3,420 3,300 Arterial Streets 6,795 6,740 6,690 6,675 6,625 Value of Time ($/hour) 14.10 13.73 13.43 13.22 12.85 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 74.17 72.23 70.86 71.38 70.47 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.92 1.53 1.40 1.44 1.60 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.92 1.49 1.34 1.52 1.50 System Performance 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 7,447 7,151 6,945 6,571 6,111 Rank 63 65 62 62 63 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 13 12 12 11 11 Rank 75 76 73 74 70 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 14,235 13,668 13,274 12,559 11,679 Rank 65 65 64 64 66 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 29 28 28 27 26 Rank 85 85 84 82 81 Travel Time Index 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.13 Rank 66 72 70 69 72 Commuter Stress Index 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.18 1.18 Rank 55 53 54 57 54 Total Cost ($ millions) 398 393 390 375 358 Rank 67 68 67 68 70 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 692 682 678 651 623 Rank 86 86 85 84 85
Inventory Measures 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Population (1000s) 605 590 575 565 555 Rank 60 61 61 61 61 Commuters (1000s) 289 279 268 260 252 Freeway 3,280 3,135 2,955 2,860 2,715 Arterial Streets 6,310 6,220 6,005 6,070 5,895 Value of Time ($/hour) 12.43 12.17 11.98 11.71 11.37 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 66.76 65.76 66.83 66.20 64.27 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.12 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.16 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.11 1.13 1.26 1.35 1.21 System Performance 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 5,607 5,028 4,669 4,565 4,085 Rank 64 68 68 68 68 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 10 9 8 8 7 Rank 73 74 74 70 74 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 10,717 9,610 8,924 8,725 7,809 Rank 67 70 69 68 68 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 25 23 22 22 20 Rank 82 83 83 79 82 Travel Time Index 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.11 1.10 Rank 70 72 72 72 73 Commuter Stress Index 1.17 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.14 Rank 58 60 63 58 61 Total Cost ($ millions) 340 312 294 294 271 Rank 71 72 71 69 71 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 591 542 511 511 471 Rank 85 87 86 84 85
Inventory Measures 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Population (1000s) 545 540 535 535 530 Rank 61 61 61 60 59 Commuters (1000s) 245 240 234 231 226 Freeway 2,690 2,455 2,370 2,095 2,040 Arterial Streets 5,810 5,685 5,565 5,155 5,135 Value of Time ($/hour) 11.06 10.78 10.47 10.17 9.75 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 62.23 60.84 59.01 57.31 55.03 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.14 1.13 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.18 1.19 1.21 1.26 1.13 System Performance 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 3,973 3,642 3,388 3,015 2,751 Rank 68 67 67 67 68 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 7 6 6 5 5 Rank 65 73 63 72 64 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 7,594 6,961 6,475 5,763 5,258 Rank 68 69 67 69 70 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 20 19 18 16 15 Rank 80 78 80 83 84 Travel Time Index 1.10 1.10 1.09 1.08 1.08 Rank 72 67 70 71 63 Commuter Stress Index 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.12 Rank 58 50 51 54 51 Total Cost ($ millions) 271 255 244 224 213 Rank 69 70 70 71 71 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 471 443 424 389 370 Rank 84 82 83 84 83
Inventory Measures 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 Population (1000s) 525 520 520 515 510 Rank 58 56 56 56 56 Commuters (1000s) 222 219 217 213 210 Freeway 2,050 1,965 1,940 1,895 1,735 Arterial Streets 4,890 4,875 4,755 4,790 4,255 Value of Time ($/hour) 9.25 8.83 8.48 8.18 8.03 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 52.81 50.04 48.53 46.57 47.83 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.17 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.38 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.05 0.97 0.97 0.95 1.24 System Performance 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 2,336 2,217 2,014 1,969 1,855 Rank 68 69 69 68 66 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 4 4 4 3 3 Rank 72 66 55 71 63 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 4,465 4,238 3,850 3,763 3,546 Rank 71 69 68 67 67 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 13 12 11 11 11 Rank 84 85 82 78 72 Travel Time Index 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.05 Rank 66 74 66 57 64 Commuter Stress Index 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.09 Rank 52 55 52 51 53 Total Cost ($ millions) 190 189 179 181 174 Rank 74 70 69 68 66 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 331 329 311 315 303 Rank 83 81 82 79 75
Inventory Measures 1984 1983 1982 Population (1000s) 510 505 500 Rank 56 56 54 Commuters (1000s) 208 204 200 Freeway 1,705 1,585 1,520 Arterial Streets 1,235 4,015 3,810 Value of Time ($/hour) 7.75 7.43 7.20 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 46.47 44.23 43.08 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.40 1.43 1.50 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.25 1.28 1.34 System Performance 1984 1983 1982 Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) -- -- -- Congested System (% of lane-miles) -- -- -- Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") -- -- -- Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 1,669 1,534 1,437 Rank 64 63 63 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 3 3 2 Rank 54 42 62 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 3,190 2,931 2,747 Rank 65 64 66 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 10 9 9 Rank 70 70 65 Travel Time Index 1.05 1.05 1.04 Rank 57 55 61 Commuter Stress Index 1.09 1.08 1.08 Rank 49 54 51 Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) -- -- -- Rank -- -- -- Total Cost ($ millions) 162 156 150 Rank 67 66 67 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 282 270 261 Rank 74 74 72