vs. in Priority Areas TEAM OREGON conducted an analysis and comparison of both and curricula to measure how well each curriculum addresses the National Standards. Each curriculum was analyzed and annotated in every instance in which its content addressed a national standard. The resulting annotations were combined at the unit, section or module level for a fair comparison and ease of reference. As a hypothetical example, if countersteering is addressed five times in Chapter 4, Module 5, it is counted once for comparison purposes. If countersteering is addressed twice in Unit 4, Page 24 and three times in Unit 6, Page 4, it is counted twice for comparison purposes. The full comparison can be found in Appendix F. Only the text content of the two curricula was directly compared. The text included both the instructor classroom presentation (Instructor Guide) and student workbook. The results include both the curriculum text (narration) and interactive text. Range exercises were analyzed and annotated but are not included in the classroom curriculum comparison overall results. The comparison was done by a senior classroom instructor. Because the two curricula are so different in their respective deliveries, great care was taken to compare the content fairly and accurately. Even so, it should be noted that an asynchronous online classroom based on video, narration and interactive content is very difficult to compare apples-to-apples with an instructor presenting written material ( Instructor Guide) in person to a group of 12 students with an accompanying text ( Rider s Guide). Further, it should be noted that counting both the Rider s Guide and Instructor Guide is essentially counting the same content twice once as the instructor presents it and once as the student reads along. That said, because both resources (the online classroom and workbook) are available for students to review and study after the course is complete, it may well be a fair comparison. There are a total of 168 standards in the National Standards. The results of the comparison show how many times a standard is addressed at the unit level: 1 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Section 1 Motorcycle Pre-Ride Tasks 14 97 Section 2 Vehicle Control Skills 14 121 Section 3 Street Strategies 228 133 Section 4 Roadway Management Skills 112 129 Section 5 Passengers, Cargo, Group Riding and Touring 25 14 Section 6 Factors Adversely Affecting Rider Performance 6 44 Table 3. 25 National Standards Addressed by and 228 2 15 1 121 14 14 97 133 129 112 5 25 14 6 44 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 This National evidence standards demonstrates are addressed 633 times exceeds by and in addressing 538 by. When all standards range exercises in the National are counted, Standards. additional Some standards 25 standards are (not addressed shown) are multiple addressed times by each in each curriculum. curriculum. The relatively heavy concentration of curriculum content addressing certain areas of the National Standards generally represents TEAM OREGON instructional priority areas. Curriculum Priority Areas The development team focused on eight curriculum priority areas based on needs of Oregon riders, defined as risk awareness, riding strategy, scanning, cornering and vehicle control skills, judgment, impairment, riding gear and group riding. Further detail and comparison to classroom curriculum is found below. The priorities are not listed in order of importance. 2 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Priority 1: Risk Awareness Recognizing hazards and clues was the priority, including reducing risk, rider vulnerability to injury and death, causes of crashes and the reminder that It s not like driving a car you have to think like a motorcyclist. The 14 national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Sections 1.2 and 3.1. National Standards Section 1.2 (7 standards) and 3.1 (7 standards): The rider can identify the mental and physical requirements for safe motorcycle operation and the procedures for getting ready to ride a motorcycle and The rider understands the hazards associated with riding. Table 4. 15 1 Risk Awareness National Standards Sections 1.2 and 3.1 118 11 5 Risk-awareness standards are addressed 118 times by and 11 times by. It should be noted that modules 3-16, 3-18, 3-19, 5-6 and 6-3 provide 28 video hazard-recognition scenarios, plus 26 optional hazard-recognition scenarios, compared to six illustrations (SIPDE slides) in classroom. These activities also fall into the riskawareness priority area, providing a total of 54 opportunities for instructional practice in hazard recognition. 3 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Table 5. 5 Risk Awareness Hazard-Recognition Scenarios vs. SIPDE Slides 4 3 28 26 2 1 Required Optional SIPDE 6 provides a total of 54 hazard-recognition scenarios compared to 6 in. Priority 2: Riding Strategy Lane positioning to see and be seen was the priority, including space cushion, following distance, escape routes and being alert to hazards and clues. The six national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Section 3.3. National Standards Section 3.3 (6 Standards): The rider understands strategies to avoid hazards. Table 6. 1 Riding Strategy National Standards Section 3.3 8 6 4 2 67 45 Riding-strategy standards are addressed 67 times by and 45 times by. 4 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Priority 3: Scanning Head and eyes up and looking well ahead, identifying hazards and recognizing clues was the priority, including scanning up to 2 seconds ahead, establishing a line of sight, visual directional control, understanding target fixation, overriding sight distance, attention, focus, purposeful search and situation awareness. The 1 national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Section 3.2. National Standards Section 3.2 (1 standards): The rider searches the roadway environment to anticipate and identify hazards. Table 7. 1 Scanning National Standards Section 3.2 9 8 6 4 48 2 Scanning standards are addressed 9 times by and 48 times by. Priority 4: Cornering and Vehicle Control Skills Cornering was the priority, including using your head and eyes, looking where you want to go, countersteering, focusing on the exit and choosing your path of travel. Other topics included maximum braking, anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and swerving. It should be noted that the physical skills of cornering, braking and swerving are fully addressed on the range. The 22 national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Sections 4.1 4.4. (continued on next page) 5 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
National Standards Section 4.1 (5 standards): The rider understands the proper technique for slowing quickly and stopping in the shortest distance in a straight line. Table 8. 5 4 3 2 1 Vehicle Control Skills Braking National Standards Section 4.1 7 1 Braking-in-a-straight-line standards are addressed 7 times by and 1 times by. National Standards Section 4.2 (6 standards): The rider understands proper entry speed and path of travel when cornering a motorcycle. Table 9. 5 4 3 2 1 Vehicle Control Skills Cornering National Standards Section 4.2 29 25 Cornering standards are addressed 29 times by and 25 times by. 6 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
National Standards Section 4.3 (4 standards): The rider understands the proper techniques for slowing or stopping quickly in a curve. Table 1. 5 4 3 2 1 Vehicle Control Skills Braking/Curve National Standards Section 4.3 6 1 Braking-in-a-curve standards are addressed 6 times by and 1 times by. National Standards Section 4.4 (7 standards): The rider understands the proper techniques for swerving to avoid a collision. Table 11. 5 4 3 2 1 Vehicle Control Skills Swerving National Standards Section 4.4 12 18 Swerving standards are addressed 12 times by and 18 times by. 7 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Priority 5: Judgment Making decisions in realistic riding scenarios was the priority, including dividing attention, recognizing hazards, interpreting clues, predicting outcomes, understanding consequences and responding appropriately. The three national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Section 3.4. National Standards Section 3.4 (3 standards): The rider understands how to respond correctly to hazards. Table 12. 5 Judgment National Standards Section 3.4 4 3 2 1 14 11 Judgment standards are addressed 14 times by and 11 times by. It should be noted that modules 3-1, 3-11, 3-21, 4-1, 4-11, 4-12, 4-19, 5-19 and 6-7 provide 4 decision-making scenarios, plus 19 optional decision-making scenarios, compared to six illustrations (SIPDE slides) in classroom. These activities also fall into the judgment priority area. (continued on next page) 8 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Table 13. 5 4 Judgment Decision-Making Scenarios vs. SIPDE Slides 4 3 2 19 1 Required Optional SIPDE 6 provides a total of 59 decision-making scenarios compared to 6 in. Priority 6: Impairment Alcohol and drugs were the priority, but also other impairments such as prescription drugs, distraction, fatigue, passengers, emotion, physical limitations and the effects of temperature. The 19 national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Section 6. National Standards Section 6 (19 standards): Factors Adversely Affecting Rider Performance. The rider understands the elevated risks of alcohol and other drugs on rider performance and the legal, social, personal, economic, and safety consequences of operating a motorcycle under the influence of alcohol and other drugs. The rider understands and avoids factors which adversely affect rider performance. (continued on next page) 9 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Table 14. 1 Impairment National Standards Section 6 8 6 4 2 6 44 Impairment standards are addressed 6 times by and 44 times by. Priority 7: Riding Gear Protection, conspicuity and comfort were priority, including function and selection. The eight national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Section 1.3. National Standards Section 1.3 (8 standards): The rider can identify the characteristics of proper personal protective equipment and the importance of using it for protection, comfort, and conspicuity to manage the risks associated with riding a motorcycle. Table 15. 1 Riding Gear National Standards Section 1.3 8 6 4 2 41 22 Riding gear standards are addressed 41 times by and 22 times by. 1 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Priority 8: Group Riding Distraction and peer pressure were priority, including riding beyond ability or comfort level, not scanning far enough ahead, lack of space cushioning and alcohol use. The five national standards most closely related to this priority area are in National Standards Section 5.1. National Standards Section 5.1 (5 standards): The rider understands the proper techniques for riding in a group. Table 16. 5 Group Riding National Standards Section 5.1 4 3 2 1 9 4 Group-riding standards are addressed 9 times by and 4 times by. Conclusion exceeds in addressing all standards in the National Standards and TEAM OREGON curriculum priority areas. When range exercises are taken into account, addresses every standard in the National Standards. When range exercises are taken into account, addresses all but 1 standards in the National Standards. In all, 168 national standards are addressed at the unit, section or module level 633 times by and 538 times by, meaning each standard is addressed an average of 3.8 and 3.2 times each, respectively demonstrating that exceeds in the number of times it addresses the National Standards by 18 percent. 11 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.
Table 17. Average Number of Times National Standards are Addressed 6 5 5.2 4 3.8 3.9 3 2 3.2 2.2 2.5 1 All Standards Priority Standards Non-Priority Standards exceeds in addressing all standards and priority standards. More importantly, the 87 priority-area standards are addressed 453 times for an average of 5.2 times each by, and 338 times for an average of 3.9 times each by demonstrating that exceeds in the number of times it addresses TEAM OREGON priority areas by 34 percent. Each of the remaining 81 (non-priority) standards are addressed 18 times for an average of 2.2 times each by and 2 times for an average of 2.5 times each by. This demonstrates TEAM OREGON priority areas are addressed 2.4 times as much as non-priority areas by, and 1.6 times as much as non-priority areas by suggesting exceeds by 5 percent in addressing Oregon priorities. 12 Copyright 214 TEAM OREGON Motorcycle Safety Program. Do not reproduce without permission.