Performance Measure Summary - Spokane WA There are several inventory and performance measures listed in the pages of this Urban Area Report for the years from 1982 to 2014. There is no single performance measure that experts agree says it all. A few key points should be recognized by users of the Urban Mobility Scorecard data. Use the trends The multi-year performance measures are better indicators, in most cases, than any single year. Examining a few measures over many years reduces the chance that data variations or the estimating procedures may have caused a "spike" in any single year. (5 years is 5 times better than 1 year.) Use several measures Each performance measure illustrates a different element of congestion. (The view is more interesting from atop several measures.) Compare to similar regions Congestion analyses that compare areas with similar characteristics (for example, population, growth rate, road and public transportation system design) are usually more insightful than comparisons of different regions. (Los Angeles is not Peoria.) Compare ranking changes and performance measure values In some performance measures a small change in the value may cause a significant change in rank from one year to the next. This is the case when there are several regions with nearly the same value. (15 hours is only 1 hour more than 14 hours.) Consider the scope of improvement options Any improvement project in a corridor within most of the regions will only have a modest effect on the regional congestion level. (To have an effect on areawide congestion, there must be significant change in the system or service.) Performance Measures and Definition of Terms Travel Time Index A measure of congestion that focuses on each trip and each mile of travel. It is calculated as the ratio of travel time in the peak period to travel time in free-flow. A value of 1.30 indicates that a 20-minute free-flow trip takes 26 minutes in the peak. Planning Time Index A travel time reliability measure that represents the total travel time that should be planned for a trip. Computed with the 95th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that should be planned for a commute trip to be late for only 1 day a month. If it is computed with the 80th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that should be planned for a trip to be late for only 1 day a week. A PTI of 2.00 means that for a 20-minute trip in light traffic, 40 minutes should be planned. Peak Commuters Number of travelers who begin a trip during the morning or evening peak travel periods (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). "Commuters" are private vehicle users unless specifically noted. per Commuter A yearly sum of all the per-trip delays for those persons who travel in the peak period (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). This measure illustrates the effect of traffic slowdowns as well as the length of each trip. Total Delay The overall size of the congestion problem. Measured by the total travel time above that needed to complete a trip at free-flow speeds. The ranking of total delay usually follows the population ranking (larger regions usually have more delay). Free-Flow Speeds These values are derived from overnight speeds in the INRIX speed database. They are used as the national comparison thresholds. Other speed thresholds may be appropriate for urban project evaluations or sub-region studies. Excess Fuel Consumed Increased fuel consumption due to travel in congested conditions rather than freeflow conditions. Congestion Cost Value of travel delay for 2014 (estimated at $17.67 per hour of person travel and $94.04 per hour of truck time) and excess fuel consumption estimated using state average cost per gallon. Urban Area The developed area (population density more than 1,000 persons per square mile) within a metropolitan region. The urban area boundaries change frequently (every year for most growing areas), so increases include both new growth and development that was previously in areas designated as rural. Number of Rush Hours Time when the road system might have congestion.
Inventory Measures 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Population (1000s) 390 385 385 385 380 Rank 85 85 85 85 85 Commuters (1000s) 197 191 191 191 188 Freeway 2,200 2,153 2,135 2,369 2,300 Arterial Streets 4,377 4,233 4,145 4,262 4,240 Value of Time ($/hour) 17.67 17.39 17.14 16.79 16.30 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 94.04 89.60 89.56 86.81 88.12 Gasoline ($/gallon) 3.54 3.74 3.68 3.60 2.95 Diesel ($/gallon) 3.77 4.02 4.11 3.96 3.24 System Performance 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) 20 -- -- -- -- Congested System (% of lane-miles) 21 -- -- -- -- Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") 1.50 -- -- -- -- Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 7,928 7,819 7,670 7,558 7,481 Rank 70 70 70 70 70 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 23 23 22 22 22 Rank 18 17 18 17 16 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 13,004 12,825 12,580 12,397 12,270 Rank 77 78 77 78 78 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 38 38 38 37 37 Rank 55 52 50 56 54 Travel Time Index 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 Rank 54 52 50 48 48 Commuter Stress Index 1.17 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.17 Rank 79 69 77 76 74 Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) 1.84 -- -- -- -- Rank 71 -- -- -- -- Total Cost ($ millions) 312 313 311 313 320 Rank 75 75 75 75 75 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 911 913 909 914 933 Rank 55 56 55 54 52
Inventory Measures 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Population (1000s) 375 370 365 360 360 Rank 86 86 86 85 85 Commuters (1000s) 185 182 178 175 173 Freeway 2,150 2,040 2,125 2,070 2,030 Arterial Streets 4,381 4,470 4,515 4,405 4,450 Value of Time ($/hour) 16.01 16.10 15.47 15.06 14.58 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 89.75 81.52 82.56 80.43 78.05 Gasoline ($/gallon) 2.51 3.60 3.18 2.80 2.32 Diesel ($/gallon) 2.73 4.38 3.39 2.62 2.83 System Performance 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 7,489 7,673 7,549 7,411 7,238 Rank 68 70 69 67 65 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 22 22 22 22 21 Rank 12 15 15 14 16 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 12,284 12,586 12,382 12,156 11,871 Rank 76 78 79 77 75 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 38 39 39 39 39 Rank 48 52 53 51 48 Travel Time Index 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.17 Rank 46 47 46 45 51 Commuter Stress Index 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 Rank 76 72 75 72 68 Total Cost ($ millions) 325 332 339 342 345 Rank 75 75 73 74 73 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 950 970 991 999 1,008 Rank 50 51 56 52 49
Inventory Measures 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Population (1000s) 360 355 330 330 330 Rank 85 84 86 85 83 Commuters (1000s) 172 169 155 153 150 Freeway 1,980 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 Arterial Streets 4,330 4,180 4,105 4,060 4,070 Value of Time ($/hour) 14.10 13.73 13.43 13.22 12.85 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 74.17 72.23 70.86 71.38 70.47 Gasoline ($/gallon) 2.11 1.63 1.48 1.63 1.63 Diesel ($/gallon) 2.22 1.66 1.43 1.66 1.60 System Performance 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 7,029 6,946 6,245 5,883 5,787 Rank 66 66 67 69 67 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 21 20 18 17 17 Rank 12 12 19 20 16 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 11,529 11,393 10,244 9,650 9,491 Rank 74 74 75 75 75 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 38 38 37 35 35 Rank 49 45 45 47 47 Travel Time Index 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 Rank 48 46 43 52 46 Commuter Stress Index 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 Rank 73 68 67 68 70 Total Cost ($ millions) 347 352 323 310 313 Rank 73 72 74 74 74 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 1,012 1,027 944 904 914 Rank 47 41 52 53 48
Inventory Measures 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Population (1000s) 330 325 325 320 320 Rank 83 83 82 82 82 Commuters (1000s) 148 144 141 137 135 Freeway 1,500 1,420 1,335 1,295 1,280 Arterial Streets 4,105 4,040 3,985 3,875 3,795 Value of Time ($/hour) 12.43 12.17 11.98 11.71 11.37 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 66.76 65.76 66.83 66.20 64.27 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.40 1.13 1.33 1.35 1.25 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.33 1.21 1.39 1.39 1.28 System Performance 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 5,518 5,235 4,913 4,616 4,471 Rank 65 64 67 67 67 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 16 15 14 13 13 Rank 17 17 18 17 15 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 9,050 8,587 8,059 7,572 7,334 Rank 75 74 75 75 73 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 34 33 31 30 29 Rank 47 47 50 50 48 Travel Time Index 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.13 Rank 52 45 47 50 47 Commuter Stress Index 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.13 Rank 74 68 73 68 71 Total Cost ($ millions) 309 299 285 274 273 Rank 74 74 74 74 69 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 901 874 833 800 798 Rank 47 44 47 46 41
Inventory Measures 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Population (1000s) 315 305 300 295 290 Rank 82 83 83 83 83 Commuters (1000s) 131 125 121 117 113 Freeway 1,230 1,185 1,110 995 925 Arterial Streets 3,980 3,850 3,625 3,425 3,210 Value of Time ($/hour) 11.06 10.78 10.47 10.17 9.75 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 62.23 60.84 59.01 57.31 55.03 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.14 1.09 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.20 1.23 1.24 1.26 1.17 System Performance 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 4,210 3,932 3,580 3,270 2,897 Rank 66 66 66 66 66 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 12 11 10 10 8 Rank 15 15 16 15 25 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 6,906 6,450 5,872 5,363 4,752 Rank 72 72 72 72 74 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 28 27 26 24 22 Rank 47 44 40 43 47 Travel Time Index 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.10 Rank 42 44 40 45 46 Commuter Stress Index 1.13 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.10 Rank 65 62 65 67 71 Total Cost ($ millions) 265 254 238 224 207 Rank 72 71 72 71 72 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 773 740 694 653 603 Rank 39 38 41 42 44
Inventory Measures 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 Population (1000s) 290 290 290 285 285 Rank 83 82 81 81 79 Commuters (1000s) 113 112 111 108 107 Freeway 885 835 870 950 905 Arterial Streets 3,050 2,960 2,820 2,725 2,575 Value of Time ($/hour) 9.25 8.83 8.48 8.18 8.03 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 52.81 50.04 48.53 46.57 47.83 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.10 1.02 1.02 0.99 1.30 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.15 1.06 1.60 1.04 1.36 System Performance 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 2,699 2,459 2,275 2,073 1,918 Rank 63 64 64 65 65 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 8 7 7 6 6 Rank 18 21 19 23 17 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 4,427 4,034 3,731 3,400 3,146 Rank 72 72 71 70 69 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 20 19 17 16 15 Rank 49 49 51 52 50 Travel Time Index 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.07 Rank 48 48 44 49 48 Commuter Stress Index 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07 Rank 69 66 67 63 66 Total Cost ($ millions) 203 194 187 176 166 Rank 71 69 68 69 68 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 592 565 545 515 485 Rank 42 41 39 38 39
Inventory Measures 1984 1983 1982 Population (1000s) 285 280 275 Rank 78 78 78 Commuters (1000s) 106 104 101 Freeway 850 835 815 Arterial Streets 2,415 2,290 2,180 Value of Time ($/hour) 7.75 7.43 7.20 Commercial Cost ($/hour) 46.47 44.23 43.08 Gasoline ($/gallon) 1.31 1.34 1.41 Diesel ($/gallon) 1.37 1.40 1.47 System Performance 1984 1983 1982 Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) -- -- -- Congested System (% of lane-miles) -- -- -- Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") -- -- -- Total Fuel (1000 gallons) 1,855 1,745 1,709 Rank 61 59 57 Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) 5 5 5 Rank 22 19 16 Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) 3,043 2,862 2,803 Rank 67 66 65 Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) 15 14 14 Rank 45 45 40 Travel Time Index 1.07 1.06 1.06 Rank 42 46 43 Commuter Stress Index 1.07 1.07 1.07 Rank 62 59 57 Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) -- -- -- Rank -- -- -- Total Cost ($ millions) 166 163 165 Rank 66 65 65 Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) 486 477 482 Rank 35 35 30