Potential of combustion engine powertrains from an energy and environmental point of view with an focus of diesel technology ETH Zürich, 7. September 2017 INSTITUT FÜR KOLBENMASCHINEN Leiter Quelle: spiegel.de KIT Die Forschungsuniversität in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft www.kit.edu
Agenda 1 2 Introduction / Legislation Fine dust / Particles 3 4 5 6 NO x / NO 2 Ozone Mobility of the Future Summary 7 8 2 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
6 Media Coverage Newspaper articles with unilateral reporting Ferdinand Dudenhöffer 3 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
Agenda 1 2 Introduction / Legislation Fine dust / Particles 3 4 5 6 NO x / NO 2 Ozone Mobility of the Future Summary 7 8 4 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
2 Fine dust / Particles Overall situation of Fine dust/pm 10 in Germany Quelle: Air quality in Europe 2016 report THAL16027ENN EEA Report: 73,400 premature deaths and 759,000 lost years of life due to fine dust in Germany? 5 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
2 Fine dust / Particles Time evolution of the immission situation of PM using an example of "Stuttgart-Neckartor" 1 Exceedance days Yearly averages 2 3 4 5 6 Quelle: Quelle: LUBW, Grafik: AfU Stuttgart, Abt. 36-4 b Quelle: Quelle: LUBW, Grafik: AfU Stuttgart, Abt. 36-4 The PM 10 annual average of S-Neckartor is in the target! Only the Exceedance days are critical! 6 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
2 Fine dust / Particles Overall situation of Fine dust/pm 10 in Germany Road traffic Up/Down 31% 12,6 μg/m 3 PM 10 Large-scale background 28% 11,0 μg/m 3 Road transport Exhaust 6% 2,2 μg/m 3 Others 1% 0,5 μg/m 3 Small and middle furnances 7% 2,7 μg/m 3 Industry <1% <1 μg/m 3 Road transport Up/Down 8% 3,2 μg/m 3 Local Totalload background 45% level 55% Industry, Commerce 1% 0,3 μg/m 3 Small and middle furnances 15% 6,0 μg/m 3 Offroad, Biogenic, other 2% 0,9 μg/m 3 Road transport exhaust 1% 0,6 μg/m 3 Quelle: Christoph Erdmenger; Ministerium für Transport und Infrastruktur Baden Württemberg; IFKM/KIT NO X Conference, Heidelberg, 01.2016 The combustion engines/diesel contribution to fine particulate matter is negligible! 7 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
2 Fine dust / Particles Production of PM 10 in Baden-Württemberg Yearly average 2010 (measured) Yearly average 2020 (sample calculation) Quelle: LUBW http://www4.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/242644/ A significant improvement in the particle immissions situation has been observed for 30 years and is also characterized in the future. 8 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
Agenda 1 2 Introduction / Legislation Fine dust / Particles 3 4 5 6 NO x / NO 2 Ozone Mobility of the Future Summary 7 8 9 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
3 NO x Overall situation of NO 2 in Deutschland Quelle: Air quality in Europe 2016 report THAL16027ENN EEA Report: 10,610 premature deaths and 109,700 years of life lost due to NO 2 in Germany? 10 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
3 NO x Time evolution of the immission situation of NO 2 using an example of "Stuttgart-Neckartor 1 Exceedance days Yearly averages 2 3 4 5 6 b The immission values are continuously improved. The level at the hotspot is still too high! 11 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
3 NO x Nitrogen oxides in Germany Road traffic Large-scale 53% 47,3 μg/m 3 background NO 2 7% 6,0 μg/m 3 Small and middle furnances 10% 8,9 μg/m 3 Others, Offroad 2% 1,5 μg/m 3 Industry <1% <1 μg/m 3 Local load level 59% Total- background level 41% Industry, Offroad, Others 5% 4,9 μg/m 3 Small and middle furnances 4% 3,2 μg/m 3 Road transport 19% 17,2 μg/m 3 Quelle: Christoph Erdmenger; Ministerium für Transport und Infrastruktur Baden Württemberg;, IFKM/KIT NO X Conference, Heidelberg, 01.2016 Quelle: LUBW 2014: 149 Measuring stations with NO 2 -limit values exceeded 2016: 62 Near road NO 2 -Immissions limit values exceeded significantly! 12 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
3 NO x First RDE Vehicle (EURO 6 d, temp ) AUDI Q7 3.0l V6 Power max. 200 kw Exhaust aftertreatment DOC und SDPF High pressure-egr BWM 730d 3.0l R6 Power max. 195 kw Exhaust aftertreatment DOC-NSK, DPF und SCR High- and low pressure EGR Mercedes-Benz E220d 2.0l R4 Power max. 143 kw Exhaust aftertreatment DOC und SDPF High- and low pressure EGR Volkswagen Tiguan 2.0l R4 Power max. 140 kw Exhaust aftertreatment DOC und SDPF High- and low pressure EGR 13 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
3 NO x Results Press workshop Sep. 2016 Fahrt/ Fzg.1 Fahrt/ Fzg.2 Fahrt/ Fzg.3 Fahrt/ Fzg.4 Pressefahrten IFKM- Fahrten Stau Typisches Fahren Aggressives Fahren Significantly lowering the NO x -limit in everyday driving. (For RDE EURO 6d temp 168mg/km allowed, at EURO 6d final 120mg/km) 14 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
3 NO x Production of NO 2 in Baden-Württemberg Yearly average2010 (measured) Yearly average2020 (sample calculation) Quelle: LUBW http://www4.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/242644/ A significant improvement in the NO 2 immission situation has been observed for 10 years and is also characterized in the future. 15 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
Agenda 1 2 Introduction / Legislation Fine dust / Particles 3 4 5 6 NO x / NO 2 Ozone Mobility of the Future Summary 7 8 16 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
4 Ozone Overall situation of Ozone in Germany Quelle: Air quality in Europe 2016 report THAL16027ENN EEA Report: 2,500 premature deaths and 27,200 years of life lost due to ozone in Germany? 17 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
4 Ozone Immission: NO 2 und Ozone Simplification: Photostationary equilibrium Not Rather: background City background Traffic station Near traffic Quelle: IFEU_et_al(2010)_NOx_NO2_Emission_BAWue Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/luftbelastung/ozon-belastung#textpart-3 The ozone load is significantly lower on the main roads! Diesel exhaust gases (NO) "exchange" ozone against NO 2. 18 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
4 Ozone Production of Ozone in Baden-Württemberg Yearly average 2010 (measured) Yearly average 2020 (sample calculation) Quelle: LUBW http://www4.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/242644/ The ozone situation is essentially defined by the geodetic altitude and hardly varies. There is a lower concentration in the cities. 19 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
Agenda 1 2 Introduction / Legislation Fine dust / Particles 3 4 5 6 NO x / NO 2 Ozone Mobility of the Future Summary 7 8 20 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
5 Mobility of the future Balance of Energy - Germany Energieaufkommen in TWh 4'500 4'000 3'500 3'000 2'500 2'000 1'500 1'000 500 0 2011 1179 3083 Gewinnung im Inland Import Germany currently requires an import of energy! Quelle: Daten Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (AGEB); Fotos: nrn-forum.net; 21 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
5 Mobility of the future Balance of Energy - Germany Energieaufkommen in TWh 4'000 3'500 3'000 2'500 2'000 1'500 1'000 500 0 3759 2011 Erneuerbare Braunkohle Erdgas 54 440 302 457 465 821 1255 Andere Kernenergie Steinkohle Mineralöl 2431 Primärenergiebedarf Primärenergiebedarf Endenergiebedarf Endenergiebedarf Δ Δ bedingt durch : - nicht-energetischer Verbrauch - Umwandlungsverluste - Verbrauch Energiesektor Gewerbe Handel Industrie 377 715 729 610 Verkehr Haushalte Quelle: Daten Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (AGEB) 22 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
5 Mobility of the future Energy and Powertrains for sustainable Mobility Regenerative refuels are important to reduce the CO 2 -impact of traffic! Source: Automotive Technology BMS Leonhard 5/24/2016 23 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
5 Mobility of the future Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions GHG reductions - not to exceed 2 C global warming An agreed target since UN Climate Change Summit, Copenhagen 2009! Source: Automotive Technology BMS Leonhard 5/24/2016 24 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
5 Mobility of the future Transport emissions in/from Germany, wtw CO 2 Mobility Scenarios Efficiency measures and BEV alone are not sufficient! Low GHG intensity refuels are required! enhagen 2009! Source: 1960-2030: IFEU, Tremod 5.3, IEA (Navigation); Automotive Technology BMS Leonhard 5/24/2016 25 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
Agenda 1 2 Introduction / Legislation Fine dust / Particles 3 4 5 6 NO x / NO 2 Ozone Mobility of the Future Summary 7 8 26 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine
6 Summary Conclusions! All immission issues are technically solved. There is no reason for a ban of internal combustion engine because of emissions. PM and NO x immission situation has been continuously improved for decades. With the RDE vehicles (EURO6 d, temp ), the last flank (NO x of diesel) is closed! The diesel NO x reduction was the biggest challenge! The average ozone concentration in cities is reduced by diesel exhaust! The diesel engine is much better than its reputation; the NO x reduction simply was THE Diesel Challenge. CO2-reduction has been the major challenge of the last years and will be the major challenge of the next decades. Different technical solutions will contribute to a significant reduction, especially the internal combustion engine in combination with refuels. 27 07.09.2017 ETH Zürich The future of the internal combustion engine