The Heart of Passive Safety (Electronics) is Still Beating Tom Borninski Autoliv Electronics America
Passive Safety and Our Naming Problem With ~15 years and many millions of these hearts of passive safety in existence, we still haven t agreed on a name for our product! Advanced Crash Safety Module Airbag Control Module Airbag Control Unit Airbag Electronic Crash Sensor Occupant Restraint Controller Restraint Control Module Sensing and Diagnostic Module Although our product is sometimes considered to be mature, we see that there is still a lot of room for growth.
Passive Safety System Occupant Status Warnings Loops Presence/ Classification Buckle Status Seat Track Position Onboard crash and inertial measurement sensing, system diagnostics, electronic data recording. Airbags Pretensioners Sensors Acceleration Sensors Pressure Sensors Gyro Sensors: Yaw, Pitch, Roll Acceleration Sensors: X, Y, Z Load Limiters Data Others: Knee Bolsters, Adaptive Vents, Adaptive Tethers, etc.
Crash Sensing & Inertial Measurement X, Y, Z Roll Yaw Pitch Satellite Crash Sensors: Acceleration or Pressure Trends: Growing number Miniaturization Integration Pedestrian Rollover in cars (FMVSS 226) ESC Sensors Restraint Control Integration Advantages Sensor Performance Less drift, better accuracy @ -40.. +85 C Sensor Performance Near Center-of-Gravity, less compensation required Sensor Reliability Improved solder joint / component life @ -40.. +85 C Vibration No mechanical actuators Alignment Secure/Aligned package typically used Usage Sensors are protected; can be used to improve crash sensing Network Bandwidth Requires transmitting data 100/s (10 ms intervals)
Algorithms Algorithms will continue to be enhanced by the use of additional traditional crash sensors, but also by synergies with inertial measurement and active safety sensors.
How Many Loops? Did you say 40? Today, a typical mid-range vehicle may have 12-16 deployment loops, but the count is expected to increase at the high end: 7 Driver and passenger airbags with dual stages, vents, and tethers 6 Driver and passenger buckle and reel pretensioners, and load limiters 1 Collapsible steering column 2 Knee airbags 7 Belt bags 6 Side Curtains with multiple stages 4 Side thorax airbags 4 Hood lifters 1 Windshield airbags 2 Active bolts 2 Expandable structures 1 High voltage cutoff > 40
Electronic Data Recording and ecall Passive Safety Electronics embody the black box data recorder function and provide crash data to the ecall function. Recent developments include: An SAE committee (J1698) is identifying potential future parameters for EDR. A NHTSA-sponsored team from Virginia Tech will recommend EDR updates to improve crash reconstruction ability. An AK-LV standard for EDR is being developed in Germany.???
Scalable Architectures Full global scalability is expected, from the most basic features to the most advanced: Loops Satellites Onboard Sensors Communications 4 0 X/Y HSCAN 8 2 X/Y, Yaw HSCAN 12 4 X/Y/Z, Yaw, Roll HSCAN 16 6 X/Y/Z, Yaw, Roll HSCAN 24 10 X/Y/Z, Yaw, Pitch, Roll FlexRay 32 12 X/X/Y/Y/Z, Yaw, Yaw, Pitch, Roll FlexRay This drives selection of scalable families of microcontrollers, integrated circuits, and sensors.
Others: Functional Safety and AUTOSAR Newer industry standards, such ISO-26262 (Functional Safety) and AUTOSAR (the automotive open system architecture for software), have not been fully realized yet across the spectrum of Passive Safety products. AUTOSAR provides a framework for transferability of functions throughout the vehicle network, but this must work within the constraints of Functional Safety. Challenges: Redevelopment versus re-use. Efficient implementation. ISO-26262 V Cycle
Automotive Safety Trend Communicative Safety Warnings to help the driver realize potential hazards before a crash. The driver controls vehicle motion. Preventive Safety Actuator intervention based on recognized hazards before a crash. The system controls the actuators. Vehicle motion actuator intervention to help the driver regain control. The system controls actuators. Reactive Safety Pyrotechnic actuator intervention to protect people during a crash. The system controls actuators.
Safety & Integration Roadmap Brake Brake OEM Brake Steering Suspension Vision ESC IMU Restraint Control + IMU Restraint/ Brake Controller Safety- Chassis Domain Controller GPS Driveline In Serial Production Since 2008 Integrated Brake + Restraint: 2014 Coordinated Motion Control 2018