Contents TOYOTA ENGINE GUIDE... 3 WHAT DO TOYOTA ENGINE CODES MEAN?... 3 TOYOTA ENGINE SUFFIXES... 4 THE TOYOTA AR SERIES ENGINE... 5 THE TOYOTA AZ SERIES ENGINE... 7 THE TOYOTA E SERIES ENGINE... 9 THE TOYOTA F AND FZ SERIES ENGINES... 12 THE TOYOTA GR SERIES ENGINE... 14 THE TOYOTA LR SERIES ENGINE... 17 THE TOYOTA MZ SERIES ENGINE... 18 THE TOYOTA NR AND NZ SERIES ENGINES... 21 THE TOYOTA R SERIES AND RZ SERIES ENGINES... 23 THE TOYOTA S SERIES ENGINE... 25 THE TOYOTA T AND TR SERIES ENGINES... 27 THE TOYOTA U SERIES... 30 THE TOYOTA UR SERIES... 32 THE TOYOTA UZ SERIES... 35 THE TOYOTA VZ SERIES... 37 THE TOYOTA ZR SERIES... 39 THE TOYOTA ZZ SERIES... 41 2
Toyota Engine Guide Toyota has built a lot of engines over the years. This guide seeks to help Toyota owners and enthusiasts understand the back story of their vehicle's engine, how their engine fits into the Toyota line-up, the historical context of their engine, etc. Our engine guide talks about every major Toyota engine family from 'A' to 'ZZ'. What Do Toyota Engine Codes Mean? Since it began around the turn of the century, Toyota has produced many engines. Modern Toyota engines, such as those we will be focusing on here (1988 to present) are designated by a coded naming system. Toyota uses this system to denote what technologies are on the engine and to differentiate how the same engine, with slight modifications, is being used in different markets. The coding system works simply: the first numeric character(s) represent the engine block's generation, the next one or two letters are the engine family, and the suffix, separated by a dash, lists the engine's features. For example, a 2GR-FE engine (used in the Avalon, RX 350 and Highlander) is a second generation (2) engine in the GRseries featuring an economy narrow-angle valve direct overhead cam (F) with electronic fuel injection (E). 3
The suffixes for Toyota engine naming are as follows: A - Valvematic variable lift intake head B - Twin SU-style side-draft carburetors (After 2000, 'B' indicates capability for E85 Ethanol) C - Carbureted / California Emissions controlled D - Twin downdraft carburetors E - Electronic fuel injection F - Economy narrow-angle valve DOHC G - Performance wide-angle valve DOHC H - High compression, high pressure charged I - Single-point fuel injection J Auto choke in early models, unknown pollution control later L - Transverse M - Philippines' market N - CNG fuel P - LPG fuel R - Low compression (uses 87 and below octane fuel) S - Swirl intake SE - D-4 Gasoline direct injection T - Turbocharged U - Japan-spec emissions w/ catalytic converter V - Common rail Ddiesel injection (D-4D) X - Atkinson cycle (most-used on hybrids) Z - Supercharged 4
The Toyota AR Series Engine 2AR-FE The AR engine series is a straight-four piston engine series introduced in 2008 in the RAV4 and now appears in the: 4-cylinder Venza Highlander Camry Scion tc models This all-aluminum engine utilizes dual overhead cams (DOHC) and is similar to the AZ engine series it replaces but with variable valve timing (VVT-i) system and an offset crankshaft. The intake tract is two-stage and is controlled by an Acoustic Control Induction System, giving a broader torque range. These engines are far more efficient than their predecessors. Most AR engines are global. 5
First Generation AR Series Toyota Engine The 1AR-FE was introduced in 2008 as a 2.7L option for the Venza and Highlander (AGV10/15 and ASU40 respectively) and quickly entered the Sienna and Lexus RX (ASU40 and AGL10). Second Generation AR Series The second generation 2AR-FE was released the same year as a 2.5L option for smaller vehicles like the RAV4 (ASA33/38), Camry (ASV40, starting in 2009), and the Scion tc (AGT20). An Atkinson cycle variant, produced as the 2AR-FXE, was also introduced for the Camry Hybrid (AVV50). A direct-injected version, the 2AR-FSE, was also introduced for the Lexus IS 300h. 6
The Toyota AZ Series Engine The AZ Series is a straight-four, aluminum block, dual overhead cam (DOHC) engine and is a larger version of the NZ series. The AZ series uses a single-stage roller chain and VVT-i system. Fuel injection is sequential. The AZ replaced the S engine and was later replaced by the AR engine series. Development of the AZ Series Engine 1AZ-FE The 1AZ-FE is the first of this series and appears in the 2001-2003 RAV4. Similarly, the 1AZ-FSE features Toyota's D-4 direct injection system and also appears in the RAV4. In the U.S., the most prolific of the AZ Series is the 2AZ-FE, which was in the: 2002-2009 Camry 2009-2011 Matrix 2009-2010 Pontiac Vibe 7
2009-2012 Corolla XRS 2002-2008 Camry Solara 2004-2008 RAV4 2001-2007 Highlander 2005-2010 Scion tc 2008-2012 Scion xb An Atkinson cycle variant, the 2AZ-FXE, appeared in the AHV40 Camry Hybrid (2007-2010) and Lexus HS 250h (2010-2012). 1AZ-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.043 in 2AZ-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 8
The Toyota E Series Engine Toyota Introduces the E Series Engine E Series The Toyota E family of engines began in 1985 and were a significant departure from other engines of the period in that they were the first Toyota engines to swap the timing chain for a belt. Built as practical everyday engines meant to maximize economy and durability, these engines became a cornerstone of four-cylinder designs for the company. The first generation E appeared in Toyota's European flagship subcompact, the Starlet, which was very similar to the Geo Metro being sold in the U.S. The second generation saw global use, though it did not appear in North America. The third generation E Series engines came to America in the Corolla Wagon in 1986 and was in production until 1994. The 3E (carbureted), 3E-E (fuel injected), and 3E-TE (turbocharged) were used in the Corolla Wagon, Corona Van (ET176V), and Tercel (EL31). Many enthusiasts and mechanics learned to replace the valve stem seals with silicon or Viton seals to improve longevity. 9
Later Generations of the E Series Later E Series The fourth generation of the E Series was when they really came into their own. The 1.3L dual overhead cam (DOHC) version appeared in 1989 and went on for a decade. It appeared in the Tercel and Corolla. The 4E-FE and its turbocharged 4E-FTE sister were produced and used in cars throughout Asia and the Americas. They were popular "conversion" engines, replacing older engines, especially underperforming 3Es. The 4E-FE has three generations, the second producing less horsepower but higher torque due to altered exhaust manifolds and an engine control unit (ECU) upgrade, while the third saw similar changes, once again reducing horsepower in favor of torque. The 1.5L 5E series appeared in 1990. These fuel-injected power plants were more robust than their predecessors and were one of the first distributor-less (DIS) engines Toyota produced in quantity, giving two versions of the engine in terms of ignition: the pre-1995 distributor-plug version and the 1995-1998 DIS 5Es. These engines were in the Tercel, Corolla, Corolla II, and other vehicles, depending on the market. Advanced performance options from the 4E-FTE were also used in the 5E-FHE to increase horsepower to 110. 10
Engine Specs 3E Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.043 in 4E-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.032 in 4E-FTE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.022 in 5E-FE / 5E-FHE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 11
The Toyota F and FZ Series Engines The F-Series F Series These six-cylinder engines were popular until 1992 as the go-to inline six for Toyota. They offered high torque at the low end of RPM and have great reliability due to their diesel-like cast iron blocks and heads. These engines are commonly associated with the Land Cruisers of the 1950s through the 1990s. The F Series was used in several truck applications from Toyota, both commercially and for the consumer market. The first generation F was introduced in 1955 and was replaced with the 2F in 1975. There was little difference between the two engines except the larger bore in the second generation engine. The FJ62 Land Cruiser saw the 3F and 3F-E become its power plant in 1988 and is the most popular of the Cruiser engines. 12
It has a reputation for being one of the longest-lived engines ever made, with vehicles often seeing more than 300,000 miles before requiring an engine overhaul. The 3F-E is the fuel-injected version of this third generation engine. The F Series was replaced by the FZ Series in 1993. 3F/3F-E Firing Order: 1-5-3-6-2-4 Spark Gap: 0.031 in The FZ Series The FZ engine series was produced to replace the F Series engines in the Toyota Land Cruiser. FZs were produced in both carburetor and fuel injection variants, the 1FZ-F and 1FZ-FE respectively. The engines are virtually identical otherwise, though the fuel injected FE has more horsepower output. The FZ Series entered production in 1984 and are still being made today. They appear in the Land Cruiser FZJ 70, 80, 90, and 100 series and the 1FZ-FE is offered in the Lexus LX450. This inline six cylinder engine is also used in one of Toyota's heavy duty forklifts. 1FZ-F / 1FZ-FE Firing Order: 1-5-3-6-2-4 Spark Gap: 0.031 in 13
The Toyota GR Series Engine The Toyota GR V6 engines are made mostly of aluminum with dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) cylinder heads, also made of aluminum. Three types of fuel injection appear on variants of the GR family, including multi-port injection, D4 direction injection, and a hybrid of the two called D4-S. These variations are usually model and market specific. Toyota's GR Engine The GR Series replaces the: MZ JZ VZ Variations of the GR Engine 1GR-FE 14
The 1GR-FE is a longitudinally mounted 4.0L V6 for rear-wheel and four-wheel drive applications. It appeared in 2003 and has been used since. The 1GR-FE appears in the: 2003-present Toyota 4Runner 2007-present Land Cruiser 2005 to present Tacoma 2005-2006 and 2010-present Tundra 2007-present FJ Cruiser 2012-present Lexus GX 400. In most of these model years, the engine was upgraded to Dual VVT-i from 2010 forward. Both the Tacoma and FJ Cruiser have a TRD supercharger kit adaptation available. The 2GR-FE is a smaller, 3.5L V6 meant to be transversely mounted in front-wheel drive applications. The stroke was shortened though the bore remained the same, reducing torque but retaining horsepower in most applications. All 2GR engines are Dual VVT-I, and they appear in the: 2005-present Avalon 2005-2012 RAV4 2006-present Sienna 2006-2011 Camry 2006-2012 Lexus ES 350 2007-present Lexus RX 350 2007-2014 Toyota Highlander, Corolla Super GT, and Lotus Evora GTE (modified to 4.0L) The 2GR-FZE was the same engine as the FE, but with a Twin-Vortices supercharger attached for use in limited applications for Lotus, specifically the 2010 Evora and 2012 Exige S. A version of the 2GR with D4-S twin injection, the 2GR-FSE, was also used in 2006 Lexus GS 350, 450h, IS 350, and IS 350 C models. Another variant was an Atkinson-cycle VVT-i, the 2GR-FXE, which was used in the 2010 Lexus RX 450h and Toyota Highlander Hybrid as well as the 2012 Lexus GS 450h. 15
In 2006, a third generation GR was introduced in the Lexus GS 300 as the 3GR-FSE but was only used that one year. The 4GR-FSE was used for the Lexus IS 250 and 250 C that same year, and then in the Lexus GS250 in 2012. The fifth generation GR is used only in China. 1GR-FE Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.043 in 2GR-FE / 2GR-FZE / 2GR-FSE Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.043 in 2GR-FXE Spark Gap: 0.040 in 3GR-FSE Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.041 in 4GR-FSE Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.039 in 16
The Toyota LR Series Engine Lexus LFA The Toyota LR engine was developed in cooperation with long-time partner Yamaha for the exclusive Lexus LFA supercar. The only engine in the LR Series so far is the 1LR-GUE, which is a V-10 aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloy power plant made to be smaller and lighter than most eight-cylinder engines. The engine is technologically advanced, with titanium valves and an independent, electronicallycontrolled throttle body. The 4.8L 1LR-GUE has an output of 560 PS and 480 Nm of torque with 90 percent of that torque available from 3,700 rpm to 9,000 rpm. Max RPM is 9,500. Bore is 88mm, stroke is 79mm, and the compression is high at 12:1. The 1LR-GUE was first designed in the early 2000s and was a finished product when it appeared in the LF-A concept in 2007. It went into production in 2008 for the 2009 introduction of the new Lexus LFA, which was a 2010 model year and was produced until 2012. Only 500 LFAs were made. 17
The Toyota MZ Series Engine Toyota Introduces the MZ 1MZ-FE The MZ engine family was introduced in 1994 and is one of Toyota's go-to engines for V6 applications. It has won numerous awards and accolades, including the 1MZ-FE being named one of Ward's 10 Best Engines in 1996. MZ engines feature an allaluminum design with light-weighting as a replacement for the heavier, more expensive VZ series of V6 engines. These engines are tuned for optimum performance at about 3,000 rpm, which is the average speed for highway driving. The engines have begun phasing out though in favor of the new GR Series. MZ Powered Vehicles The MZ Series has appeared in many vehicles. In the U.S. market, the 1MZ-FE powered 1994-2006 Toyota Camry V6 models, 1998-2000 Toyota Siennas, and others in non-u.s. markets. A bolt-on TRD supercharger kit from Toyota Racing Development was available for the Camry, Sienna, and Solara, bumping power output by about 50hp. 18
A VVT-i was offered in the 1MZ-FE as well and was used in several vehicles including: 1999-2003 Lexus RX 300 2000-2004 Toyota Avalon 2002 and 2003 Highlander 2001-2003 Sienna 2003-2006 Camry V6 Overlap with above model list usually favors the VVT-i option. Second Generation MZ The second generation 2MZ-FE is a smaller 2.5L (versus the 3.0L 1MZ) used in the Toyota Camry and some Japan-only models. It is uncommon in the U.S. but can be found on some mid- and late-1990s Camrys here. The larger 3.3L 3MZ-FE has a higher output with little loss of economy and became the V6 standard on many of Toyota's larger vehicles and some sport models. It first appeared in 2003 on the Toyota Highlander, where it remained until 2007. From 2004-2006, it was on the Sienna, Camry SE V6, Lexus RX 330, and Lexus ES 330. From 2005 until 2010, it was on the Toyota Highlander Hybrid and Lexus RX 400h, though with reduced power output. The 3MZ-FE features VVT-i as well as an electronic throttle control system (ETCS-i) and a new flat-type knock sensor, giving the engine less problems when using fuel with octane ratings under 91. 1MZ-FE Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 and 1-4-2-5-3-6 Order depends on vehicle model and year. Pre-1998 vehicles will usually have the latter. Spark Gap: 0.044 in 1MZ-FE with VVT-i Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 19
2MZ-FE Spark Gap: 0.043 in 3MZ-FE Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 20
The Toyota NR and NZ Series Engines The NZ Series 1NZ-FXE The NZ engine family is best known for its role in the Prius models from Toyota. The first generation NZ utilizes aluminum engine blocks and aluminum dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) cylinder heads. It has four valves per cylinder and employs VVT-i. The 1NZ-FXE is a 1.5L engine built in Japan with forged steel connecting rods and an aluminum intake manifold. Its compression ratio is 13:1 with a delayed inlet valve closure, which simulates the Atkinson cycle, increasing efficiency and reducing torque output. Unlike other high compression engines, the 1NZ-FXE is tuned specifically to improve fuel economy at the expense of power output, thus becoming a perfect candidate for the Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain. This engine was introduced in 1999 and has won several awards since, including a series of International Engine of the Year awards from 2000 onwards. The 1NZ-FXE appears in the Prius and Prius c. The 1NZ-FE is the low-compression, 1.5L Otto cycle variant of the 1NZ-FXE with 107hp and 103 lb-ft of torque. It appeared in the Yaris on which the Prius c was based but has been replaced with the second generation 2NZ-FE. 21
1NZ-FXE / 1NZ-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Plug Gap: 0.043 in The NR Series A compact straight-four engine series, the NR engines are 1.3L aluminum blocks with dual overhead cam (DOHC) cylinders and SFI fuel injection with four valves per cylinder utilizing variable valve timing (VVT-i) or dual VVT-i, depending on the application. Most NR engines are used in the European market, but some 1NR-FE engines appear in the Scion iq in the U.S. 22
The Toyota R Series and RZ Series Engines The Legendary R Series The Toyota R Series was introduced in the mid-1950s as a small four-cylinder engine and it quickly became popular for its robust build and efficiency. Most of today's Toyota enthusiasts know it as the 22R, which was introduced in 1981 and built until it was replaced in 1995. This popular engine appeared in many rear-wheel drive Toyota vehicles globally, including the Celica. The R Series was one of the longest-lived and most prolific of Toyota's engine families before its discontinuation. Replacement was largely with the RZ Series. The 22R-E is the fuel-injected version of the R series in its 22nd and last generation. It appeared in the rear-wheel drive Celica up to 1985, the 1985-1995 Toyota Pickup, and the 1985-1995 4Runner. The 22R-E has two iterations, the pre-1985 and the post-1985 versions. The 22R-Es made from 1985 onwards feature more horsepower and torque, smaller timing chains, etc. This version appears in the 4Runner and Pickup and is what is referenced below. 22R-E (post-'85) Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Plug Gap: 0.032 in The RZ Series 2RZ-FE 23
The RZ Series entered the market in 1989 as a replacement for the R Series engines, which were becoming long in the tooth. The 1RZ began in 1989 and is a 2.0L I4 with just over 100hp and lb-ft of torque. The second generation was the first of the RZ Series to enter the United States. The 2RZ-FE was a 2.4L version of the RZ Series with a 142hp output and a 160 lb-ft torque rating. Its four valves per cylinder and dual overhead cam (DOHC) configuration has valve adjustment using shim over bucket. It appears in the 1995-2004 Toyota Tacoma 4x2, replacing the 22R-E. The 3RZ-FE is a 2.7L version of the 2RZ-FE. Its larger displacement means more power output, suitable for the requirements of a four-wheel drive platform. This engine appears in the 1995-2004 Tacoma 4x4, 1996-2000 4Runner, and 1994-1998 T100. It is functionally the same as the 2RZ-FE. 2RZ-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Plug Gap: 0.041 in 3RZ-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Plug Gap: 0.040 in 24
The Toyota S Series Engine 3S-GE Introduction of the S Series Engine The Toyota S Series of engines are four-cylinder (straight-4) models that were introduced in 1982 and discontinued in 2007. These engines were replaced by the AZ and AR engine series. The S Series is noted for its robust cast iron block and alloy heads configured for efficient operation in the 2L range. It was a staple of Toyota performance engines until its replacement. The first generation 1S appeared in the Camry and Celica as part of their LASRE (lightweight advanced super response engine) family. The second generation appeared briefly but was replaced before 1988 by the third generation. The 3S-FC appears in the 1987-1991 Camry while the 3S-FE appears in the Celica SSI from 1987-1994. The 3S-GE appears in the Celica 2.0 GT-i 16, 1985-1989 GT-R and MR2s, and 1994-1998 Celica GT and MR2s. The 3S-GT appears in several GT models and race-ready platforms, including the 1995-1996 Supra GT. The 3S-GTE appears in the 1986-2007 Celica GT-Four. 25
The fourth generation (4S) came along for less sporty applications. The 4S-FE was in the Corona from 1989 through 1998. The fifth generation 5S-FE was in the MR2 and Camry from 1990 to 2001 and was featured in special editions of that car as well. Specifications 1S Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 3S-FE / GE/ GT / GTE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Plug Gap: 0.035 in 4S-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 5S-FE Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Plug Gap: 0.044 in 26
The Toyota T and TR Series Engines T and TR Engine Development 2T-G The T Series was a family of I4 engines that began in 1970 and were built for production vehicles through 1985, though some licensed after-market T Series engines are still being made today. The engines began as overhead valve (OHV) designs and migrated to more performance-oriented twin cam or dual overhead cam (DOHC) configurations. The T Series engines are well-known for two things: solid reliability and performance output. The consumer versions of these engines, especially in the later generations, were proven and reliable and many of them are still on the road today. 27
The later generations, specifically the 3rd and 4th, were the engines that allowed Toyota to enter the racing arena as the first Japanese automaker to compete in the World Rally Championship. Today, the 3T-GTE and 4T-GTE engines are popular on the amateur racing circuit and the 4T-GTE, specifically, is still a popular choice for its high power output, relatively small displacement, and extremely robust nature. 3T-GTE This was first released in 1982 with a hemi-chambered twin-cam head with twin spark and swirl inlet ports. This engine introduced knock control as well as serious turbocharging through the CT20 Turbo, taken directly from the T Series diesel variants. It became the first turbocharged, twin-cam gasoline engine ever built in Japan. It featured unusual redundancy, such as doubled cam roller chains, as the fourth generation T was already in the works when the 3T-GTE was introduced. The 3T-GTE was used in the Celica and Carina TA63 models as well as the Corona TT142 model. Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.8mm 4T-GTE Introduced late in 1982, this engine was already developed by the time the 3T that preceded it was introduced. Meant mainly as Toyota's racing engine, it remains popular for that purpose. It powered the company's first Group B and World Rally Championship cars. It has larger displacement (5mm increased bore for 2090cc in all), which FIA rules converted to 2926cc, meaning more power output for the larger racegoing Celica. The 4T-GTE utilized a KKK/K27 turbocharger, electronic fuel injection, and the twin spark of its 3T brother. Toyota only built 228 of these engines themselves, all used in rally and road going racers in the early 1980s. The Celica Twincam Turbo TA64 GT- TS is the car most associated with these engines, but the Celica IMSA GTO and several 84C, 85C, and 86C platforms also used this engine. The Eagle Mk I had a 4T-GTE as well. Variants of this engine also included some with additional numbered designations, such as the 151E and 100E, which had modified valve and spark configurations. Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 28
The TR Series The TR Series of engines are mainly commercial-grade engines appearing in truck applications globally. The TR Series first appeared in 2004 and has been in several vehicles, including the Innova, Hilux, Dyna, Land Cruiser, Tacoma, and 4Runner. Their first use in North America was with the second generation 2TR-FE, which powered some models of the Tacoma and 4Runner in 2010. The TR Series is a four-cylinder gasoline engine featuring dual overhead cams (DOHC) and variable valve timing with intelligence (VVT-i). Displacement depends on generation. 2TR-FE This variant was a 2.7L I4 gasoline with DOHC, 16 valves, and VVT-i. It produced 159hp and 180 lb-ft of torque, redlining at 5,500 rpm. It was only used for one production year (2010) and saw relatively limited quantity sales in North America. 29
The Toyota U Series 4U-GSE The Toyota U family of two-cylinder flat engines was introduced in 1961 and produced until 1976. It was then revived in 2011 and is still used in collaboration with Subaru on a handful of vehicles. When first introduced, the U Series was placed exclusively in the Publica series of vehicles. At only 697cc and 28-32hp, it was a diminutive engine for a tiny car. The second generation continued in the Publica series, including its sports car variant, the Sports 800. Modern U Series Engines In 2011, the U series family was revived in a partnership with Subaru as the 4U for the "Toyobaru" vehicles. Although different from its two-cylinder predecessors, it retained many of the technologies founded in earlier iterations. 30
The 4U-GSE Now a boxer-style four-cylinder, the 4U-GSE is identical to the Subaru FA20 and is built at Subaru's Ota Gunma plant. The engine uses Subaru's boxer framework but is mostly Toyota-derived design for its parts, including the D4-S direct and port injection system and high compression ratio (12.5:1). In this configuration, appearing in the Toyota GT 86 / Scion FR-S and the Subaru BRZ, the engine is part of the "Toyobaru" collaboration on rear-wheel driven sports cars. 31
The Toyota UR Series 1UR-FSE The UR Series was introduced in 2006 as a replacement for the UZ Series of eightcylinder engines. The engines in this series feature variable valve timing (Dual VVT-i) and timing chains instead of the belts in the UZ Series they replace. Displacements vary by market and model, including 4.6L, 5.0L, and 5.7L variants. These engines first appeared in the 2007 Lexus LS 460 series as well as the GS 460 series, so named for the engine's 4.6L displacement in the 1UR Series. The second generation is a 5.0L option used in the Lexus IS-F and LS 600h series. The 5.7L variant (third generation) is the core engine for heavier applications such as the Tundra, Sequoia, and Land Cruiser. 32
1UR-FSE Appearing in the 2007 Lexus LS 460 and 460 L as well as the 2008 Lexus GS 460, this engine is a die-cast aluminum block with D4-S direct injection and VVT-iE. It produces 385hp and 369 lb-ft of torque. Firing Order: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 Spark Gap: 0.04 in 1UR-FE Built mainly for the Middle Eastern markets, the 1UR-FE is the same as the 1UR-FSE but does not have the D4-S injection. It appears in the U.S. market 2010-present Sequoia, Tundra, and Lexus GX 460. Firing Order: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 Spark Gap: 0.04 in 2UR-GSE This 5.0L UR Series variant appears only in the 2008-present Lexus IS-F. It is an allalloy, quad cam, 32-valve engine with VVT-i and VVT-iE actuation. Spark Gap: 0.04 in 2UR-FSE The D4-S gasoline injected engine is much like the 2UR-GSE but produces less horsepower and torque as it is meant specifically for the Lexus LS 600h and 600h L hybrid vehicles. Spark Gap: 0.04 in 33
3UR-FE This large 5.7L engine is meant to compete with the similar displacement engines of other truck makers and appears on most of Toyota's full-sized trucks, such as: 2007 Tundra 2008 Sequoia Land Cruiser 200 Series 2008 Lexus LX 570 It was used for only one year in those applications. An E85 ethanol variant, the 3UR- FBE, was also produced for use in the 2009 Tundra and Sequoia. The 3UR-FE does not have the D-4S injection. Firing Order: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 34
The Toyota UZ Series 3UZ-FE The UZ Series is a quad-camshaft, 32-valve V8 engine series used in sport utility and luxury vehicles from Toyota and Lexus. The engine family was first introduced in 1989 in the Lexus LS 400 and has since appeared in several of the company's vehicles. The UZ Series has largely been replaced by the UR Series. 1UZ-FE The 1UZ-FE appeared in the Lexus LS400 in 1989, the SC 400 in 1991, and the GS 400 in 1992. All three vehicles saw it replaced in 2001. This large engine also appeared in the one-off Toyota MR2 Le Mans race car. The 1UZ-FE is a 4.0L alloy engine designed to be oversquare. Several things made this engine highly reliable, including the quad camshaft design and its six-bolt main bearings. The engine was based on CART/IRL automotive racing designs and was originally meant for Toyota's GT500 vehicles. Until 1995, the engine had a 10:1 compression ratio and 256hp output. 35
In 1995, revisions were made to lighten some components while compression was raised to 10.4:1, which boosted power output to 261hp. In 1997, VVT-I was added and compression was again raised, this time to 10.5:1, which together boosted horsepower to 290 and torque to 300 lb-ft. This iteration won it a Ward's 10 Best Engines listing from 1998 to 2000. Firing Order: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 Spark Gap: 0.042 in 2UZ-FE A larger 4.7L V8, this iteration is a cast iron rather than aluminum block. It was made in Alabama to suit American vehicles and appeared in the following vehicles: 2003-2004 Lexus GX 470 1998-2005 LX 470 1998-2005 Land Cruiser 2003-2004 4Runner 2000-2004 Tundra 2001-2004 Sequoia A variant with VVT-i and electronic throttle control appeared in 2005 and was put on these vehicles: 2005-2009 4Runner 2006-2011 Land Cruiser 2005-2006 Tundra 2005-2009 Sequoia A bolt-on supercharger kit from Toyota Racing Development (TRD) was available as well. Firing Order: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 3UZ-FE This 4.4L entry into this series was built only in Japan, but a few were imported to the U.S. for use in racing, specifically GT, mostly as privateer offerings. The Super GT series of Toyota Supra GT500 and Lexus SC 430 GT500 cars can accept this engine. The engine was in some official Toyota race cars, mostly in Asia and Europe, through 2009, outputting an impressive 500hp. 36
The Toyota VZ Series 2VZ-FE n Toyota s six-cylinder engine families, the most well-known is the VZ Series, which was introduced in 1988 and has become a global V6 platform for the company. Displacement ranges from 2.0L to 3.4L in both single and dual overhead camshaft configurations (SOHC and DOHC). Since its introduction, the VZ Series has been improved upon as technologies advanced. The low-angle DOHC cylinder heads on the VZ Series were designed by Yamaha Motor to give excellent low- and mid-range torque. The series uses cast iron engine blocks, forged steel crankshafts, and, in the third generation, cast iron main bearing support girdles. This has given the VZs a reputation for being reliable due to the robust nature of their build. The first generation of the VZ Series appeared in the Japanese market in the 1998 Camry Prominent and Toyota Vista. 2VZ-FE This engine was the first export from Japan for the series. It is a 2.5L V6 with a compression ratio of just 9:1. It appeared in the Toyota Camry from 1988-1991 and the Lexus ES 250 from 1989-1991. Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 37
3VZ-E Introduced at the same time as the 2VZ, the 3VZ series is a 3.0L. The 3VZ-E is the only V6 SOHC that Toyota has ever built. I has an output of 145hp in the first series and 150hp in later iterations. This iteration of the 3VZ appeared in the 1988-1995 4Runner and Pickup and the 1992-1995 T100. Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.028 in 3VZ-FE This is the DOHC version of the 3.0L 3VZ engines. It uses Toyota's ACIS variable-intake system. Mechanics will be familiar with this as Toyota's "tilted monster." This engine is tall because it was made for trucks, so it had to be tilted sideways (towards the firewall) when placed in cars like the 1992-1993 Camry and Lexus ES300. Getting to the lower cylinders requires removing the intake plenum entirely, making it one of the least friendly Toyota engines for mechanics. The 3VZ-FE was replaced by the MZ Series in 1994. Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 5VZ-FE While the 4VZ engines were Japanese-only, the 5VZ-FE saw use in several popular trucks globally. It is a 3.4L engine that replaced the 3VZ-E in 1995, running until 2004 in the Tacoma, 1998 in the T-100, from 1996-2002 in the 4Runner, 2000-2004 in the Tundra, etc. The 5VZ-FE is a 190hp V6 DOHC with sequential multi-port fuel injection utilizing four valves per cylinder. Firing Order: 1-2-3-4-5-6 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 38
The Toyota ZR Series 3ZR-FE The ZR engine family was introduced in 2007 by Toyota as a new four-cylinder, DOHC 16-valve cylinder head option on a die-cast block. Engine displacements range from 1.6L to 2.0L, and all of them use VVT-I and the Valvematic system. There are four generations of the ZR Series, the first of which is used in Asia and Europe only while the fourth is for Chinese use only. The second and third generations are used in several global platforms, including North America. 2ZR-FE This is an I4 1.8L DOHC utilizing Dual VVT-i. It replaced the 1ZZ-FE engine in most applications such as: Corolla Yaris Matrix (formerly the Pontiac Vibe) Scion xd 39
This engine outputs 128-134hp, depending on the application, with a 10:1 compression ratio. Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 2ZR-FXE This is the Atkinson cycle variant of the 2ZR, using the same bore and stroke as the 2ZR-FE but with a higher compression ratio (13:1) and retarded inlet valve closure. This gives it more expansion than compression and lower output (about 98hp). This engine is used in the 2010 Prius and 2011 Lexus CT200h. Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 3ZR-FE This is a 2.0L DOHC variant of the ZR Series with Dual VVT-i. It has impressive output versus its displacement and is used in the 2013 RAV4. Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 40
The Toyota ZZ Series 2ZZ-GE This engine family is a straight-four engine configuration of all-aluminum construction. It has dual overhead camshafts (DOHC) with four-valve cylinder heads with iron liners. The cams are chain-driven. These engines were designed to replace the much-loved 4A engine series. Since their introduction, the ZZ series has appeared globally. 1ZZ-FE This 1.8L member of the family is built in Buffalo, West Virginia for several of Toyota's small cars, including those made for other manufacturers. The Chevrolet Prizm and Pontiac Vibe use this engine, as do the Celica GT and the Lotus Elise. Firing Order: 1-4-3-2 Spark Gap: 0.043 in 41
2ZZ-GE This 1.8L engine is much like the 1ZZ but is a square stroke version built for higher outputs. It is manufactured in Japan and appears in these vehicles: Celica GT-S Corolla XRS Matrix XRS Pontiac Vibe GT Lotus Elise, Exige and 2-Eleven It s mated to a six-speed transmission or a four-speed Tiptronic automatic. These are high-rpm, high-output engines meant for performance. Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.043 in 4ZZ-FE This 1.4L ZZ Series engine has a 95hp output and is used in the Corolla. Firing Order: 1-3-4-2 Spark Gap: 0.044 in 42
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