Energy-efficient Mobility: Challenging Technologies for Tomorrow s Transportation Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Steiger Volkswagen AG, Group External Affairs Chairman ETP ERTRAC 16.02.2009 EIT Sustainable Energy Seminar, Vienna, Austria
7 Mega Trends with Effects 1. Climate Change and Sustainability 2. Shortage in Energy and Resources 3. Urbanization and Mega cities 4. Seamless Mobility 5. Globalization and Individualization 6. Demographic Change 7. health and security 2
Volkswagen s Fuel- and Powertrain Strategy 3
Innovative Powertrain Strategy by Volkswagen High Charged Direct Injection Engines and outstanding Dual Clutch Transmissions by VW are Pacemakers in the Field of low Consumption and high Drivability TDI DSG TSI since since since 1992 2003 2004 TDI TSI The Combination of TDI - or TSI - Engines with - Transmissions setting Targets in Consumption Comfort and Drivability 4
DSG Dual-Clutch Gearbox 6 / 7-speed direct shift gearbox Consumption lower than manual gearbox Shorter shift times without interruption in power flow Maximum shifting comfort Rel. Fuel Consumption [%] DSG 120 100-14 % - 22 % 80 Automatic (4-speed) (6-speed) DSG (6-speed) Manual DSG (7-speed) 5
Powertrain 1,4l T-FSI with DQ200 Combustion Engine 1,4l 110kW T-FSI 300 250 Drehmomentgrenze DQ200 (verstärkt) 150 125 Drehmoment [Nm] 200 150 100 100 75 50 Leistung [kw] Transmission DQ200-7 50 0 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Drehzahl [1/min] 1,4l T-FSI (statische Kurve) 1,4l T-FSI + E-Maschine (max. 30sec.) 25 E-Motor (20kW) + Clutch (Impulse Start Module) 6
Passat TSI EcoFuel Engine Power Torque Max. speed Consumption CO 2 -Emissions 1.4l TSI CNG 6-speed-manual/ 7-speed-DSG transmission Euro-5-Emission level 110 kw / 150 hp 220 Nm (1.500 4.000 rpm) 210 km/h 4,9 kg / 100 km 129 g / 100 km Mileage total mileage 820 km Natural gas mileage 420 km storage capacity 135 Litre (22 kg) gasoline mileage 400 km fuel tank capacity 31 Litre 7
Synthetic Fuels Diversification in Energy Sources DSG? Biomass Cole Synthetic Gas (CO, H 2 ) Fuel- Synthesis BtL GtL Usage of Existing Infrastructure Diversification Retaining Constant High Quality H 2 8
Improvements by Synthetic Fuels Direct Improvement of Local Air Quality by Usage of Synthetic Fuels in Existing Vehicles Based on the Outstanding Purity of the Fuels Reduction of Global CO2-Emissions if Biomass is Used as Primary Energy for Synthetic Fuels Possibility to Develop New Combustion Systems with Widely Improved Characteristics Based on the Designability of Synthetic Fuels 9
Sustainability Issues for Biofuels GHG performance Land use & biodiversity Raw material Substitution Potential Certification for production sites and raw material Land efficiency - risk of mono cultures - use of pesticides and fertilizers Social impacts usage of food materials influence on food prizes Is a Substitution of Existing Fuels Possible by More than 10 %? 10
Characterization of Various Bio Fuels 1 st Generation Biodiesel (Rapeseed) Ethanol (Wheat, Sugar Beet) 2 nd Generation ( ) Biomass to Liquid (Choren) Cellulose Ethanol (Iogen) High CO 2 Avoidance Potential No Interference in the Food Chain High Hectare Yields 11
Energy Pathways Overview Source Fossil Crude Cole Uranium Wind Water Solar Geothermal Biomass Energy Carrier Electric Power Fuels Gasoline/Diesel CtL GtL BtL Biogas H 2 Powertrain Conventional Powertrain (ICE) 12
2 Way Roadmap to Sustainable Powertrains Focus: Focus: Combustion Combustion Power Power Zero Impact Powertrain Integrated Mild- Full- Topics - Single Cylinder Displacement > 400 cc - Optimized Combustion ( /GCI) - Optimized Fuels XTL - Total Emission Reduction - High Charging, Friction Reduction - Fully Variability (Air/Fuel) - E-Technology-Integration in Powertrain - High Power Topics Plug-In- TwinDrive Plug-In - Single Cylinder Displacement < 250 cc - Combustion Optimization for high Load (no HCCI) - Emission Reduction at Full load - High Charging, Friction Reduction - High Power Electric Motor - High Energy - 40-50 kw FC-Stack Combustion Engine Development & Production Focus: Focus: Electric Electric Power Power with Range Extender Long Distance- 13
Challenges for Electrical Energy Storage Systems in Vehicles Energy All Electric mileage, availability, Comfort consumers Charging time, -infrastructure Future Technology: Lithium-Ion Cost Economy, Market acceptance, Recycling Power Drivability, Performance, Dynamic, Durability Cycles, Lifetime Safety failure, Accident, Misuse, Service, Comfort, Reliability 14
Evolution in High Energy Storage Technology Pure electric mileage NEDC [km] 150 130 110 500 75 65 55 Golf Platform 1500 kg, 18 kwh/100km Evolutionary Development New Materials 140 Wh/kg * 600 W/kg 170 Wh/kg * 800 W/kg Revolutionary Change in Technology 200 Wh/kg * 1000 W/kg Limit for Lithium-Ion Technology *) Energy Density based on Cell Weight 1500 Wh/kg * 1000 W/kg EV 200 l Plug-In 100 l 2008 2008 15
twindrive: Powertrain Cencept Combustion Engine Generator Clutch 12 V DC DC HV-Net- Manager HV- Electric Motor 1-speed- Transmission 16
Space up! Blue - Zero Emission Van Electric Drive with Lithium-Ion and HT-PEM as Range-Extender Size 3680x1630x1570 mm Seats 4 speedmax. 120 km/h 0-100 km/h 13,7 sec. Zero Emission mileage 350 km Electric Drive Mileage Mileage H2 45 kw 120 Nm Li-Ion 12 kwh High Temperature 700 bar 3,3 kg 100 km 250 km 17
Adapted Powertrain Concepts for individual Mobility DSG Feet/ E-Bike Electric with Range- Extender Combustion Engine 0 4 200 400 1000 Trip mileage [km] 18
Energy Carrier in Mobility A European Scenario 2000 2010 2020 2030 CNG Mineral Based Fuels Electric power and H2 19
THINK BEYOND DSG If I d asked them what they wanted, they would have said a faster horse. Henry Ford 20
Thank You for Your Attention! 21