Motorcycles in connected traffic - a contribution to safety

Motorcycles in connected traffic - a contribution to safety Hennes Fischer, Yamaha Motor N.V., Netherlands Oliver Kohlinger, Honda R&D Europe GmbH, Germany 11 th International Motorcycle Conference Cologne, Germany October 3 th 2016 Arne Purschwitz, BMW Motorrad, Germany 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 1

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) current status without Power Two Wheelers 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 2

ACEM Memorandum of Understanding on C-ITS Published on 29 th Sep. 2014 The ACEM manufacturing members agree to initiate deployment of safety-relevant cooperative ITS on PTWs in Europe and agree to have at least one of their models available for sale with a cooperative ITS, either as standard equipment or as optional equipment, by 2020. Conclusion: Connectivity technology like ITS will become a major part of future mobility. 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 3

Manufacturers already involved Overall coordination of PTW activities Dudenhofen Demo Several unlinked projects no cooperation within PTW 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 4

CMC Overview VISION Enhance Riding safety by jointly promoting, researching and developing C-ITS for Powered Two-Wheelers OBJECTIVES Integrating PTW as an accepted and recognized partner into global future ITS strategies Joining our forces to create a common approach on ITS for PTW Achieving a successful implementation and deployment of PTW ITS functions PROMOTING & EXTERNAL RELATIONS UNIFICATION & INTEROPERABILITY FEASIBILITY & PROTOTYPING 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 5

PTW is integral part of motorized traffic means The focus on ITS for PTW: Safety features Traffic information Comfort features 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 6

Safety is Challenge Main title PTW fatality rate decrease in Europe but numbers still high 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Europe (EU-15) - Road Fatalities 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Content Accident analysis - Cause: Motorcycles do not have a safety cage Motorcycles are often not seen by others PTW CAR 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 7

Safety means Primary accident contributing factor Main title Environment 8% Other 4% PTW accidents have clear reasons MC rider 37% OV driver 51% Other vehicle driver causes accident 51% Motorcycle rider makes wrong decision 37 % Source: MAIDS final report 2.0 (April 2009) 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 8

Safety is to be seen Main title PTW often not noticed Sorry mate, I did not see you Reaction 0,5 % Other 8 % Comprehension 3% Content Decision 20% Perception 70% Speed / distance often misjudged Perception failure by other driver is main cause of accidents 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 9

PTW is regarded Vulnerable Road User We are Special Case Rider is Vulnerable Road User Motorcycle is a vehicle Ready for ITS deployment Main title Content Share same road with cars, trucks, etc. Moving with similar speed like cars Power supply (12V) on board *EC logo for VRU WG C-ITS equipment on board 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 10

Motorcycle Applications Roadmap Day 1 Applications Day 1.5 Applications Day 2 Applications Basic Systems Slow or Stationary Vehicle Warning Traffic Jam Ahead Warning Road Works Warning Weather Hazard Warning Emergency Brake Light Emergency Vehicle Warning Speed Limit Information Traffic Light Optimal Speed Advisory Simplified implementation MAI-Motorcycle Approach Indication BEACONING Basic requirements Lower market penetration rate Advanced Systems Intersection Violation Warning* Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) Left Turn Assistent* Others. *motorcycle safety relevant 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 11

PTW in future ITS scenarios and automation Content Phase 1 & 2: Define applications suitable for PTW Phase 3: How far can PTW cope? Phase 4: How to cope with PTW? 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 12

Car solutions will not work on Motorcycles Design Limited space High vibrations Content Limitation on sensing parameters No cabin Antenna positioning Exposed to elements (rain, humidity, etc.) Dynamics Leaning in corners Steering by inertia High influence of rider Positioning PTW under 1 meter width Vehicle movement Higher positioning accuracy needed 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 13

Antenna challenge for PTW C-ITS In case of car In case of scooter Easy to install antenna on the roof Good antenna performance Attenuation by rider body Scattering by metal frame Big difference in antenna performance An antenna on the roof An antenna above the head lamp An antenna above the tail lamp *Measurement with Honda FORZA 1scale = 10dB 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 14

Motorcycles communicate different than cars Use case: Stationary Vehicle Warning Hazard light on ( ) Parking break X Door open X Trunk open X Drivers seat not occupied X 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 15

Motorcycles move different than cars Use case: Traffic Jam Requirement: indicate a velocity less than or equal to 30 km/h of at least five other vehicles in at most 100 m distance and the same driving direction 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 16

Motorcycles messages need careful consideration Use case: Traffic Jam PTW can ride through traffic jam Sends wrong trigger conditions cancel traffic jam 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 17

Each trigger condition has issues for PTW Yellow markups show DAY 1 use case issues for PTW triggering conditions 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 18

Statistics show use cases Main title 15% Intersection collision 18% Left Turn collision Source: MAIDS final Report 2.0 (April 2009) C2C CC Roadmap: Intersection Violation Warning & Left Turn Assistant addressing this scenarios 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 19

Motorcycle Approach Indication (MAI) Day 1.5! Information Function Basic Beaconing Pre-Information for driver Safety Function (later) Sophisticated safety Function Higher requirements Warnings only in critical situations 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 20

Motorcycle Approach Warning (MAW) Day 2 Safety Function (later) Sophisticated safety Function Sophisticated safety Function Higher requirements Higher requirements Warnings only in critical situation Warnings only in critical situations 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 21

Motorcycle Approach Warning (MAW) Day 2 Car Functions (Day 2) Intersection Violation Warning Left Turn Assistant Contain only car requirements MAW as umbrella function with PTW requirements (e.g. riding behaviour) MAW has to be implemented in the receiving vehicles (cooperation with car industry) MAW is a real safety function with only warning in critical situation CMC will define requirements and provide this standards to other PTW and car OEMs MAW huge impact on motorcycle safety but it is a DAY 2 function 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 22

Motorcycle Approach Implementation Requirements provided to car industry MAI Day 1.5 Requirements MAW Day 2 Requirements 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 24

ITS Landscape many stakeholders need to act together Standardisation ITS WG CEN 278 WG 15 ecall standardization ITS platform ITS cloud... 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 25

C-ITS requires cooperation PTW OEMs Car OEMs Truck OEMs Suppliers Telecoms Road operators Ministries of transport European Commission NHTSA (US) ITS Japan Various national authorities Main title Content 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 26

Thank you for your attention 03.10.2016 Ifz Conference 27