Citizen s Acceptability of Low-Carbon Society in the Middle Sized Cities in Asia Nihon University Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen University Nihon University Tokyo Woman's Christian University Tokyo Institute of Technology Tetsuhiro ISHIZAKA Thaned SATIENAME Wichuda SATIENAME Atsushi FUKUDA Mariko FUTAMURA Kumiko NAKAMICHI
Objectives The objective of this study is to clarify the acceptability of citizen toward several countermeasures to implement low carbon society and the possibility of the change of travel behavior. Hence, the objective of the study is to clarify 1. Acceptability of travel behavior toward LCS 2. Possibility of behavior change by BRT 3. Relationship between usage of public transit and choice of residential condition
Selected cities Mega cities Enough countermeasures and investment has been implemented and there are many studies for low carbon society Middle size of cites in Asian counties Population is around/less than 1 million and motorization has been continued But all of countermeasures have not been implemented and BRT is planned now. A corridor along BRT would have high potential to achieve low carbon transportation society if strategy with land use plan and human life/and behavior is conducted together. Khon Kaen Da Nang Vientiane Pop(million) 0.8 0.99 0.77 Main mode Car, Motorcycle Motorcycle, Car Motorcycle, Car Public Small pickup Van Bus(3 routes) Bus(limited) LRT/BRT 5 routes 1 route 3 routes House Detached house Town house Detached house Land ownership Private Public(right to use) Public(right to use) Income(million USD) 1.0 0.3 0.1 (2014 ASEAN ECO info) (2014 ASEAN ECO info) (2011 Laos gov.)
Toward Indian cities Smart cities selected by government
BRT and Metro in Ahmedabad BRT Network 89 km A daily ridership 132,000 METRO 2 routes under construction Expected daily ridership 2 millions passenger Toward smart city of Ahmedabad, We expect that multimodal transport is an important issue to promote usage of public transport. But our image of multimodal transport includes not only well-organized feeder transport system but also Apps and information to make a smooth connectivity.
Approach -How to make a road map through WS- Making a difference image to adjust local situation and condition WS 1 st year 2 nd year WS WS 3 rd year Khon Kaen Deference road map The original road map was made the project (S6-5) under MOE,Japan WS WS WS Da Nang Comparison Comparison Deference growth stage Vientiane Approach WS for local government WS/investigation for local resident To make a concrete road map reflecting attitude and opinion of resident and local government thorough WS with them.
S-6-5 research project S-6-5 Research Project Realization of Measures for Low Carbon Transport System in Asia It s a project under S-6 Research Project on Establishing of Methodology to Evaluate Middle to Long Term Environmental Policy Options toward Asian Low-Carbon Society by Ministry of Environment, Japan Project Leader:Prof. Yoshitsugu Hayashi The road map toward low carbon transportation society for Asian cities was made in terms of -Avoid, SHIFT, IMPROVEMENT -Government, Private sector, Citizen and International This table show when countermeasure should be started in terms of timing of other countermeasures. TOD, Public Transit(BRT), EV/HV, Bio Fuel, Life style and International support
Original (base) road map
Workshop for local government officer Participant: Local government officer and engineer (including transit operator) Outline of WS To show the road map To do questionnaire survey for acceptability of low carbon transportation society Questionnaire Acceptability for local resident to be able to use TOD, BRT, EV-bike, Bio fuel. Feasibility which and when local resident is able to use or local government can let them to use K D V Khon kaen 1 st WS 2014.9.3 No of participants:17 Khon Kaen city officer 2 nd WS 2015.3.2 No:18 Khon Kaen city officer Da Nang 1 st WS 2016.1.24 No:8 Da Nang city officer (Dept of construction, transportation and climate environment) Committee of Da Nang Vientiane 1 st WS 2015.3.9 No:9 Ministry of Public works and transpiration Bus operation authority 2 nd WS 2015.10.2 No:9 Ministry of Public works and transpiration
WS for local residents in Khon Kaen Survey Design Samples: 340 samples (50 samples * 6 area) Target person: User of private car, public transport and motorcycle. Objective of trips: Commute, school and shopping Target area: Area along BRT and area far from BRT Mode: users of Private car, motorcycle or songthaew Residential area: Along or far from BRT route (Red line along NH 2)
Schedule of WS WS Schedule 1. Explanation of the road map and countermeasures for LCS A) The road map reflecting the possibility and desirable year of countermeasures B) Actual image of travel behavior by the graphics showing residential condition and BRT 2. Doing Questionnaire The questionnaire sheet as enclosed consist of two parts of the explanation. On part A, participants will answer their acceptability on each countermeasure by themselves. Part B, participants will answer their personal information. 3. Discussion Exchanging opinions and comments over description on the questionnaire sheet
Present Q1-Q3 Different Future Scenarios Future Modal choice Q4 BRT BRT BRT corridor BRT is introduced and your income would increased as much as you can buy house and private car Please assume that your living place is located along BRT corridor Private Car House type choice Q5 Tall condominium Detached house
House types along BRT corridor Tall condominium High-rise condominium directly connected to a BRT Station with comfortable sidewalk. Shops and restaurants in the surrounding area. No private garden and little greenery. Detached house Detached house is located a little bit far from BRT station on foot. The access mode to BRT station is walk or EV tuktuk. You can select BRT or private car to go to working place and shopping. There are secure gate to enter the community. There is a personal garden at your house and lush green. Ideal TOD density proposed by Calthorpe 100m BRT track 55units/h a 1000m or 1
Scenario image of future transport- Presentations
Scenario image of future transport- Presentations
Scenario image of future transport- Presentations
Questionnaire Questionnaire 4. If you commute to work or go to shopping as in the presentation, which mode of transport would you choose? Private car BRT Comfortable inside cars. Heavy congestion when many people use cars. No Parking Spaces in CBD High cost of parking at condominium Bad pedestrian areas Comfortable inside BRT stops and cars. Easy Access into office from BRT station Heavy traffic congestion can be avoided by running exclusive lane for BRT People must walk (or use paratransit) and wait for BRT Comfortable Pedestrian Areas 4.1 Why did you choose the above answer? 5. What kind of house would you be willing to live in along a BRT corridor? High-rise condominium High-rise condominium directly connected to a BRT Station with comfortable sidewalk. Shops and restaurants in the surrounding area. No private garden and little greenery. Detached house Detached house is located a little bit far from BRT station on foot. The access mode to BRT station is walk or EV tuktuk. There are secure gate to enter the community. There is a personal garden at your house and lush green. You can select BRT or private car to go to working place and shopping. 5.1 Why did you choose the above answer?..
Photo of WS Activity pictures
Results Future travel mode If you commute to work or go to shopping as in the presentation, which mode of transport would you choose? Car BRT 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Why did you choose car? Why did choose BRT? 73 Comfort and convenience Private lifestyle Number of baggages Many destinations Habit Do not wait for others Bad walkway 39 18 34 20 8 24 114 Comfort and convenience Convenient accessibility New modern mode and technology Reduce air pollution Save time Save cost and do not pay for parking Resolve traffic jam Good walkway Safety 37 29 36 49 25 58 23 74
Results Future living place What kind of house would you be willing to live in along a BRT corridor? Condominium 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Why did you choose condominium? Good accesibility Center of supermarket Allowcation of land use Detached house Why did you choose house? Habit in house Live with family and community Safety Green area Private lifestyle and not congestion Can choose various modes House near BRT station 173 18 8 6 83 77 45 84 91 7 2
Results Future living place Would you be willing to move to stay along BRT corridor from current living place in the future? Yes, No, I wouldn t 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Why did you move from current living place? Near supermarket modern lifestyle Save time Save cost Convinience travelling 18 32 7 6 42 Why did not you move from current living place? Habit in house Housing was already well as comfort and privacy Work at home Financial problem Near infrastructure Difficult moving Can use feeder system 73 197 40 127 56 9 3 7
Summary of WS for citizen and local gov. Transport Urban Struct ure living Need to promote citizen s understanding for low carbon transport Development of transit corridor along BRT in advance Promotion of moving along BRT transit corridor by developing gated community Songtew Current No transit corridor CBD area: 〇 50% ownership WS for local gov. BRT(5routes) Proposal of new life style of using BRT in advance Shifting BRT Moving along BRT corridor Feasibility Gated community 50% 86% Not located along BRT High rising condominium First building along(2015) 90% 10% WS for citizen Preference of Mode 65% 35% Not enough comfortable sidewalk Low sartification on Songtew Private car Possibility to shift BRT even if house and private car hold Acceptability
First Proposal Road map for Khon Kaen
Revised Road map Based on WS Public transit Development of BRT corridor and allocation of high rising condominium Improvement on attitude regarding comfortable sidewak Living +5~10 Years:Preference of gated communit EV bike +5~10 years:improvement of their attitude such as high price, battery, not-long running distance EV,HV +More than 5or10yeas:with high income CNG 10yers:Technological improvement and lack of ability of supply Overall: Need more than 10 years to promote understanding
Conclusion Conclusion In comparison with different development growth state in three cities Khon Kane D Da Nang Vientiane, thorough WS, D V the acceptability regarding on shifting BRT and moving BRT corridor was clarified. The improvement of road map was modified by reflecting their acceptability K The revised road map indicate that each city should take difference strategy for difference acceptability K D K V Development of transit corridor in advance Capacity building in local gov. Center;High density+ Suburb:Low dens Center;High dens+suburb;middle dens Current low dens>in future Center;High dens+suburb;low dens Acknowledgement The workshop was supported by the IASTSS The original road map was developed under discussion with research member of S6-5 project Toward Indian cities, the M2Smart project under the SATREPS supports new finding on aspect of this issue. D V